En effectuant des analyses contrastives des versions chinoises d’un traité appartenant aux Moralia de Plutarque, cette thèse vise à découvrir la substance de l’acte traductif, à exposer l’hétérogénéité des conceptions relevant des cultures éloignées, ainsi qu’à présenter les obstacles traductifs se trouvant aux niveaux différents et aux époques diverses. Afin de proposer une solution efficace permettant de résoudre ou de contourner ces difficultés, Geyi (interprétation analogique) est examinée d’une manière approfondie avec sa légitimité confirmée et ses limites discernées. / With contrastive analysis on three different Chinese versions of a Plutarch's essay—Consolation to his wife, this thesis aims to discover the nature of translative operation, expose the heterogeneity of conceptions belonging to distant cultures, and reveal the obstacles in the translation of different levels in different phases. In order to suggest an effective solution, Geyi (analogical interpretation) is presented and examined, with his legitimacy confirmed and his limits divided.

This study aims to discover how author’s neologisms in Douglas Adams’s science fiction novel The Hitchhiker’s Guide to the Galaxy were translated in its only existing official Japanese translation by Kazumi Yasuhara. It also tries to answer the question of whether the type of a neologism influenced the translator’s choices when translating it. The study uses a hundred neologisms from the novel, classifying them and their translation strategies using classification systems proposed by Peter Newmark in his 1988 work A Textbook of Translation.  It is concluded that the type of a neologism did indeed have an influence on which strategies the translator chose to use when translating it. Overall, the most common strategies proved to be couplet, i.e., a combination of several strategies, naturalisation, i.e., transliteration and adaptation to target language conventions, and through translation, i.e., literal translation of all components of a compound word or collocation.