Mémoire numérisé par la Division de la gestion de documents et des archives de l'Université de Montréal

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Esta pesquisa investiga o uso da hendíadis em 3 (três) peças de William Shakespeare (1564- 1616): Macbeth (1603-1606), Twelfth Night (1602), Julius Caesar (1599), e como foram traduzidas para o português por Carlos Alberto Nunes (1897-1990), Barbara Heliodora (1923- 2015) e Beatriz Viégas-Faria (1956-). Hendíadis é uma figura de linguagem cuja estrutura utiliza a conjunção e para conectar dois substantivos com cargas semânticas díspares que apresentam uma ideia única e complexa. Frequente na literatura latina e bíblica, é traço distintivo na linguagem de Shakespeare, sendo utilizada por exemplo no famoso solilóquio de Macbeth, ato 5, cena 5: sound and fury. Após compilação do corpus paralelo bilíngue, o material será analisado à luz das teorias da tradução, especificamente as proposições de Antoine Berman (1942-1991) sobre deformações atuantes nas traduções, de modo a entender como um elemento de difícil identificação e compreensão se comporta quando traduzido para o português. A proposta é evidenciar a estrutura na linguagem e organizar análise sobre essa característica na poética do autor, mais especificamente a apropriação e o modo que aplicava estruturas do latim para o inglês e como (e se) ela tem sido entendida nas traduções para o português no Brasil, onde a tradução da obra dramática de Shakespeare ocorre desde 1933. A pesquisa pretende também servir para a compreensão dos preceitos teóricos do campo a Traductologie desenvolvidos por Antoine Berman que incorporam a crítica de traduções. Ao tratar o tema padrão e quebra de padrão esta pesquisa busca entender como o elemento estranho e complexo é interpretado e assimilado, sem deixar de considerar fatores sociolinguísticos e históricos relativos à produção e à recepção dos textos. / This study investigates the use of hendiadys in three (3) plays by William Shakespeare (1564- 1616): Macbeth (1603-1606), Twelfth Night (1602), Julius Caesar (1599), and how they were translated into Portuguese by Carlos Alberto Nunes (1897-1990), Barbara Heliodora (1923- 2015) and Beatriz Viégas-Faria (1956-). Hendiadys is a figure of speech whose structure uses the conjunction and to connect two nouns with different semantic fields presenting a unique and complex idea. Frequent in biblical and Latin literature, they are distinctive in Shakespeares language, being used for example in the famous soliloquy of Macbeth, Act 5, Scene 5: sound and fury. After compiling the bilingual parallel corpus, the material is analyzed using translation theories, specifically the propositions proposed by Antoine Berman (1942-1991) on translation deformations to understand how an element of difficult identification and understanding behaves when translated into Portuguese. The proposal aims to highlight the structure in the language and make an analysis of this feature in the authors poetics, more specifically the appropriation and the mode in which he applied structures from Latin to English and how (and whether) they have been understood in the Portuguese translations in Brazil where translations of Shakespeare\'s plays have been made since 1933. The study also attempts to understand the theoretical guidelines of the field, traductologie, developed by Antoine Berman, which incorporate translation criticism. In dealing with the topic of standard theme and pattern break, the analysis seeks to understand how a strange and complex element is interpreted and assimilated, also considering sociolinguistic and historical factors related to the production and reception of texts.

Esta pesquisa investiga o uso da hendíadis em 3 (três) peças de William Shakespeare (1564- 1616): Macbeth (1603-1606), Twelfth Night (1602), Julius Caesar (1599), e como foram traduzidas para o português por Carlos Alberto Nunes (1897-1990), Barbara Heliodora (1923- 2015) e Beatriz Viégas-Faria (1956-). Hendíadis é uma figura de linguagem cuja estrutura utiliza a conjunção e para conectar dois substantivos com cargas semânticas díspares que apresentam uma ideia única e complexa. Frequente na literatura latina e bíblica, é traço distintivo na linguagem de Shakespeare, sendo utilizada por exemplo no famoso solilóquio de Macbeth, ato 5, cena 5: sound and fury. Após compilação do corpus paralelo bilíngue, o material será analisado à luz das teorias da tradução, especificamente as proposições de Antoine Berman (1942-1991) sobre deformações atuantes nas traduções, de modo a entender como um elemento de difícil identificação e compreensão se comporta quando traduzido para o português. A proposta é evidenciar a estrutura na linguagem e organizar análise sobre essa característica na poética do autor, mais especificamente a apropriação e o modo que aplicava estruturas do latim para o inglês e como (e se) ela tem sido entendida nas traduções para o português no Brasil, onde a tradução da obra dramática de Shakespeare ocorre desde 1933. A pesquisa pretende também servir para a compreensão dos preceitos teóricos do campo a Traductologie desenvolvidos por Antoine Berman que incorporam a crítica de traduções. Ao tratar o tema padrão e quebra de padrão esta pesquisa busca entender como o elemento estranho e complexo é interpretado e assimilado, sem deixar de considerar fatores sociolinguísticos e históricos relativos à produção e à recepção dos textos. / This study investigates the use of hendiadys in three (3) plays by William Shakespeare (1564- 1616): Macbeth (1603-1606), Twelfth Night (1602), Julius Caesar (1599), and how they were translated into Portuguese by Carlos Alberto Nunes (1897-1990), Barbara Heliodora (1923- 2015) and Beatriz Viégas-Faria (1956-). Hendiadys is a figure of speech whose structure uses the conjunction and to connect two nouns with different semantic fields presenting a unique and complex idea. Frequent in biblical and Latin literature, they are distinctive in Shakespeares language, being used for example in the famous soliloquy of Macbeth, Act 5, Scene 5: sound and fury. After compiling the bilingual parallel corpus, the material is analyzed using translation theories, specifically the propositions proposed by Antoine Berman (1942-1991) on translation deformations to understand how an element of difficult identification and understanding behaves when translated into Portuguese. The proposal aims to highlight the structure in the language and make an analysis of this feature in the authors poetics, more specifically the appropriation and the mode in which he applied structures from Latin to English and how (and whether) they have been understood in the Portuguese translations in Brazil where translations of Shakespeare\'s plays have been made since 1933. The study also attempts to understand the theoretical guidelines of the field, traductologie, developed by Antoine Berman, which incorporate translation criticism. In dealing with the topic of standard theme and pattern break, the analysis seeks to understand how a strange and complex element is interpreted and assimilated, also considering sociolinguistic and historical factors related to the production and reception of texts.

Canada's Native literature is rooted in an oral tradition, like many other aboriginal literatures. This literature's main characteristics are often distinct from those of the Western literary tradition. Throughout years and history, scholars and theorists from English Canada and Quebec have more or less ignored the members of the First Nations of this country, and their literature. However, since the late sixties, we have been witnessing a great revival of Native writing in Canada, which suggests a better and stronger image of the Native protagonist. Consequently, the contribution and image of Native literature on the English-Canadian and Quebec literary scenes have changed. The French translation of the literary works of Native authors contributes to the survival of this often marginalized literature. This transfer from one language to another implies, in this particular case, the keeping of borrowings from various Native languages used in the story. This is the central element of this M.A. thesis. The texts that I have here chosen to translate from English to French--stories from Brian Maracle, Basil Johnston, Alexander Wolfe and Marion Tuu'luq--originate from oral traditions, and all contain Native words. The same applies to their French translations, which adopt a"foreignizing" strategy by keeping those Native words in the target text. In order to help readers understand them, the authors have used various strategies which were maintained in the French translations. In addition, the specific rhythmic and syntactical characteristics of the source language, derived from the oral tradition of Native storytelling, have all been taken into account and explained in relation with translation studies.

Mémoire numérisé par la Direction des bibliothèques de l'Université de Montréal.

Thèse numérisée par la Direction des bibliothèques de l'Université de Montréal.

La traductologie fait depuis quelques années une entrée timide dans le Monde arabe et c’est notamment la traduction de la terminologie de cette discipline qui joue un rôle prépondérant à ce niveau-là. Or, s’il est parfois réussi, le passage terminologique se heurte souvent à des difficultés, voire des impasses. A travers l’analyse des termes arabes de la traductologie, c’est-à-dire à travers l’étude de leur construction, fonctionnement, circulation, évolution, etc., l’on peut d’une part, s’interroger sur le rapport parfois problématique de ces termes, et des idées qu’ils subsument, avec leurs origines étrangères, et d’autre part, révéler les temps forts, mais surtout les limites d’un tel passage, pour faire surgir l’état plus général de la réflexion arabe sur la traduction. / In the last few years, translation studies have been growing slowly in the Arab World, a new phenomenom in which the translation of the French and English terminology of the discipline plays a crucial role. However, this transfer can have its successes as well as its setbacks. Through the study of the Arabic terms of translation studies, i.e. their creation, circulation, evolution, etc., it is possible, on one hand, to examin the relationship between the terms, and the ideas underlying them, and their outside influences, and, on another hand, to reveal the limits of this transfer, in order to describe the general state of translation studies in the Arab World.

Cette thèse porte sur l’interculturalité et la traductologie, elle concerne des éléments linguistiques et culturels classiques dans une traduction du chinois en une langue indo-européenne occidentale, principalement le français. Comment traduire les éléments ayant une charge culturelle qui manquent d’équivalents dans la langue cible ? Transcription en pinyin ? Romanisation avec une explication ? L’adaptation aux lecteurs de la langue cible ou à ceux de la langue source ? Traduction libre ou fidèle ? Donc, je propose une synthèse de théories et méthodes qui nous aideront à bien traduire une oeuvre encyclopédique. On a choisi dans ce texte, la version française du Rêve dans le Pavillon rouge comme exemple, ce roman étant considéré comme une encyclopédie de la culture classique traditionnelle chinoise. On a analysé, sous l’angle de la théorie, " la traduction épaisse ", la méthodologie que les traducteurs avaient utilisée pour traduire les éléments culturels. Enfin, à l’aide de la théorie des " realia " et du " paratexte ", on a conclu sur trois catégories principales des éléments culturels avec plusieurs subdivisions et on a synthétisé deux méthodes essentielles de la traduction et les stratégies concrètes de la théorie " la traduction épaisse ", afin que cette nouvelle théorie soit prise pour référence quand on se lancera dans la traduction d’autres oeuvres littéraires en rapport avec la culture classique d’Orient. / This thesis is about the cross-cultural studies and transtology, it concerns linguistic and cultural elements in a translation from Chinese into a western indo-european language, mainly French. How to translate the Chinese elements with the cultural meaning that serve as lacuna in the target language? Transcription in pinyin? Romanisation with explanation ? Adaptation aimed to the readers of the target language or to the readers of the source language ? Free translation or faithful translation ? Several theories and methods which can help us to translate an encyclopedic are concluded in this thesis.A Dream of Red Mansions has always been regarded as the Encyclopedia of Chinese traditional culture. A Dream of Red Mansions in French is the center of the current study, which is grounded on the Thick Translation Theory, trying to explore the cultural phenomena showed in its French version. Based on all these, this article analyses how Li Tche-Houa and Jacqueline Alézaïs showed to French readers the classic Chinese culture in their translation of A Dream of Red Mansions. At last, in terms of the “Realia theory" and “Paratexte theory", the author classified the cultural phenomena into three categories, and each one has several subdivisions. Besides, two essentiel categories of the “Thick Translation theory" are concluded and specific methods to every part are proposed. This would make the “Thick Translation Theory" more easily to be applied by the translators of old scriptures for the spread of the Chinese classics.

L’utopie constitue l’un des genres de prédilection de la littérature féministe et queer, parce qu’elle permet de redéfinir certaines catégories, comme celle des représentations de sexe et de genre. La science-fiction, mégagenre dans lequel, selon moi, s’inscrit l’utopie, fait appel à une « distanciation cognitive » [cognitive estrangement] (Suvin, 2010 : 68), concept qui, dans le cas de l’utopie féministe et queer, participe à la déconstruction du binarisme dans le genre : elle introduit ce que l’on peut nommer un novum, un élément qui a pour socle la réalité créée par l’auteur, partagée par le lecteur, et qui vise à déstabiliser (Suvin, 2010 : 68). Le novum constitue un procédé narratologique qui domine la fiction à un point tel que tout aspect narratif de chaque oeuvre de science-fiction dérive de celui-ci (Csicsery-Ronay, Jr, 2008 : 49); le novum possède une influence, par le fait même, sur le plan traductif, puisque la traduction doit l’inscrire dans un contexte différent de celui du départ. Alors que le peu d’études disponibles sur la traduction de la science-fiction queer sont en général consacrées à la réception des stratégies traductives utilisées (Bérard, 2015), le présent mémoire se situe dans une perspective performative de la traduction. L’acte traductif est performatif, non neutre, et ainsi octroie une existence, une viabilité identitaire au texte, selon le contexte d’arrivée. En prenant pour exemple le roman de science-fiction queer A Paradigm of Earth (2001) de l’auteure canadienne Candas Jane Dorsey, mon mémoire a pour objectif d’examiner, en s’inspirant de la généalogie de la traduction féministe (Lotbinière-Harwood, 1991; Simon, 1996; Von Flotow, 1997 et 1999) et des travaux sur la traduction du queer (Louar, 2008; Larkosh, 2011; Casagranda, 2013), de quelle manière s’effectuent certains changements de paradigme sur le plan traductif. La réflexion sur les désignations de genre dans le roman de Dorsey découle de Blou, l’alien au genre indéterminé, qui personnifie en quelque sorte le novum. D’où l’intérêt de proposer une approche performative de la traduction visant à faire éclater le binarisme de la langue française. / Abstract : Utopia is often used in feminist and queer literature, because it is a genre which questions some categories such as sex and gender representations. Science fiction concerns utopia since it provides cognitive estrangement, a concept that deconstructs gender binarism in feminist and queer utopias. Cognitive estrangement introduces a novum, a destabilizing element based on the author’s created reality, and shared by the reader (Suvin, 2010 : 68). The novum is a narratological device that so dominates its fiction that every science fiction narrative aspect derives from it (Csicsery-Ronay, Jr, 2008 : 49); this novum influences the translation process because the translator must reinsert it in a new context. Since the only studies which can be found today on translation in queer science fiction are generally dedicated to the reception of translation strategies (Bérard, 2015), this work situates translation within a performative approach. Translation is performative; it provides a viability to the text in another language-culture, another context. In studying an excerpt of Canadian Candas Jane Dorsey’s queer science fiction novel A Paradigm of Earth (2001), as well as my translation of it, my objective with this thesis is to consider how some translation paradigm shifts can be made according to feminist (Lotbinière-Harwood, 1991; Simon, 1996; Von Flotow, 1997 et 1999) and queer translation precepts (Louar, 2008; Larkosh, 2011; Casagranda, 2013). This work takes into consideration gender designations, which in Dorsey’s novel ensue from the character Blue, the ungendered alien; Blue represents the novum in A Paradigm of Earth, which allows the translator to take a performative approach in order to deconstruct gender binarism in French.