No description available.

Lietuviškų tekstų grožinio ir mokslinio stilių palyginimas naudojant statistinius metodus. Taikomos universalios kiekybinės charakteristikos, koreliacinė ir regresinė analizė, logtiesiniai modeliai. Tiriamos žodžių ilgių ir dažnių priklausomybės, žodžių pasiskirstymas tekstuose. / The comparison of Lithuanian texts‘ fiction and scientific literature styles by using statistics methods. by using the universal quantitative characteristics, the correlation and regression analysis, the loglinear models.

This study seeks to undertake an analysis of the topic of 'science and the media' as it has been constituted in academic discourse since the end of the Second World War. It finds that concern has polarized in two distinct camps: The larger, participant in the traditional project of North American media studies, blames the press for what it perceives as a widespread and deleterious "scientific illiteracy" on the part of the laity. The more recent, indebted to critical developments in social theory, philosophy of science, and the study of mass communication, works to expose the assumptions on which press coverage of science has been based and the interests which have benefited. / The thesis argues that the adequacy of the dominant concern to its object of analysis is at best suspect, but that nevertheless its agitations have been chiefly responsible for the form which popular science has predominantly assumed.

180 students from the University of Canterbury were randomly assigned to reading and evaluating 4 counterbalanced abstracts under the cover story of a departmental journal submission procedure. This study tested whether the number of authors assigned to a journal submission is an influential factor on the acceptance rate of a submission regardless of the quality of the abstract. Also, it assessed whether the influence of a number of authors on the chance of acceptance interacts with the acceptance rate of the journal. In other words, the study investigated not only the extent to which number of authors influences acceptance regardless of quality, but how much of an influence this has for which kind of journals (in terms of the journal’s acceptance rate). The study also measured how much individual personality variables such as guilt-proneness and tendency to adhere to descriptive norms influences a reviewer’s willingness to accept a journal submission. Results found that number of authors had a significant effect on evaluation. Possible reasons and study limitations were discussed.

This dissertation demonstrates how the cross-disciplinary application of methods and tools from archaeology, philology, and engineering can yield insights into ancient water-supply systems and help to solve problems associated with their precise function and with their description in ancient literature. Conventional calculations determine the flow properties of seven ancient long-distance pipelines. Components of the water-supply pipeline at Aspendos are simulated with a commercially available Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) software package (FLUENT® by Fluent Inc.) that is widely used in the design and research of complex flow systems. The application of CFD clarifies the interaction of water and air during the filling process of a pipeline. The project establishes a methodology using state-of-the-art computer simulation tools for the investigation of these systems. The combination of the numerical results with the insights derived from a comparison of Latin technical documents with ancient Greek medical texts answers conclusively some long-term questions that have been plaguing aqueduct research for a long time. The simulation makes visible the flow of water in the pipeline, disproving the long-term misunderstanding that entrained air will form bubbles in the flowing water column that lead to pressure transient. It is possible to explain the function of lateral holes in the sides of pipe segments. The calculated volume flow rates for each pipeline allow estimates about the population sizes for the cities supplies by the aqueducts. The creation of a computer-based methodology for the study of ancient aqueducts will enable scholars to investigate, compare, and catalogue a wide variety of ancient hydraulic systems.

Techn. Univ., Diss.--Darmstadt, 2000.

Thesis--Columbia University. / Bibliography: leaves 138-141.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of California, San Diego, 2005. / Vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 255-267).

Abstract This research seeks to answer the following questions: In which contexts are Finnish undergraduate university students taught to evaluate research literature? What kind of teaching is given? What kind of evaluation criteria are the students encouraged to use? The theoretical framework is based on Tony Becher's model of the cognitive and social features of academic disciplines and the differences among them, which he presented in his book Academic Tribes and Territories in 1989. Accordingly, the study examines what are the major features of the disciplines in question and analyses whether these features explain the way evaluation is taught. The study is based on a qualitative approach. The empirical material was gathered by interviewing 18 university lecturers and 14 students from the universities of Helsinki and Tampere in spring 2001. The interviewees represented Physics (University of Helsinki), Medicine, Social Policy and Social Work and Literary Studies. In addition, a content analysis of ten Finnish master's thesis handbooks published between 1995–2003 was carried out. Medicine demonstrated the most extensive and planned approach to the teaching of evaluation. In other disciplines, teaching was dependent on the interest of the individual lecturers. In Material Physics and in Applied Physics, students had to carry out extensive analysis and evaluation of articles. Some article analysis was carried out also in Social Policy and Social Work and Literary Studies. The evaluation criteria for the literature were most explicit in Physics and Medicine. In Physics, lecturers advised students to focus on approach, experimental methods and results, in Medicine on approach, research methodology, material and the strength of the evidence. In Social Policy and Social Work, methodology and different schools of thought played a significant role in evaluation. Schools of thought were also important in Literary Studies. In the different disciplines, the views on the criteria predicting the quality of publications varied. / Tiivistelmä Tutkimuksessa etsitään vastauksia seuraaviin kysymyksiin: Missä yhteyksissä tieteellisen kirjallisuuden arviointia opetetaan perustutkintokoulutuksessa suomalaisessa yliopistossa? Millä tavoin opetusta annetaan? Millaisia kirjallisuuden arvioinnin kriteerejä kehotetaan käyttämään? Tutkimuksen teoreettinen kehys on monitieteinen. Keskeisin aines on Tony Becherin kirjassaan Academic tribes and territories (1989) esittämä malli tieteenalojen kognitiivisista ja sosiaalisista piirteistä ja niiden eroavuuksista. Tämän mukaisesti selvitetään, mitkä ovat tarkasteltujen tieteenalojen keskeiset ominaisuudet ja selittävätkö nämä ominaisuudet arvioinnin ohjauksen luonnetta ja tieteenalakohtaisia eroja. Lähestymistapa on laadullinen. Empiirinen aineisto koottiin haastattelemalla 18 yliopisto-opettajaa ja 14 opiskelijaa Helsingin ja Tampereen yliopistoissa keväällä 2001. Haastatellut edustivat fysiikkaa (Helsingin yliopisto), lääketiedettä, sosiaalipolitiikkaa ja sosiaalityötä sekä kirjallisuudentutkimusta. Haastatteluja täydensi sisällönanalyysi kymmenestä suomenkielisestä tutkielmanteon oppaasta, jotka olivat ilmestyneet vuosina 1995–2003. Tampereen yliopiston lääketieteellisessä tiedekunnassa oli käytössä ongelmaperustainen opetusmenetelmä, muilla aloilla annettiin perinteistä luentoihin, harjoituksiin ja kirjallisuuden tenttimiseen painottunutta opetusta. Yhteisesti suunniteltua ja laajinta tieteellisen kirjallisuuden arvioinnin opetus oli lääketieteessä. Muilla tieteenaloilla ohjaus perustui yksittäisten opettajien harrastuneisuuteen. Materiaalifysiikassa ja sovelletussa fysiikassa opiskelijat harjoittelivat arviointia analysoimalla runsaasti artikkeleita. Jossain määrin artikkelien analysointia esiintyi myös sosiaalitieteissä ja kirjallisuudentutkimuksessa. Kirjallisuuden arviointikriteerit olivat selkeimmät fysiikassa ja lääketieteessä. Opettajat kehottivat opiskelijoita kiinnittämään fysiikassa huomiota menetelmään, koeasetelmaan ja tuloksiin, lääketieteessä tutkimusasetelmaan, menetelmään, aineistoon ja näytön riittävyyteen. Sosiaalipolitiikassa ja sosiaalityössä evaluoinnin kannalta tärkeitä olivat tutkimusmenetelmät ja mihin tutkimusperinteeseen julkaisu kuului. Koulukunta oli tärkeä myös kirjallisuudentutkimuksessa. Käsitykset julkaisun laatua ennustavista kriteereistä vaihtelivat, kuitenkin esimerkiksi lehden tasoa pidettiin yleisesti laadun takeena. Käsitys käyttökelpoisen kirjallisuuden iästä vaihteli aloittain. Tutkimus osoittaa, että tieteenalojen peruspiirteet vaikuttivat arvioinnin ohjauksen luonteeseen ja arviointikriteereihin. Toisaalta on havaittavissa paikallisten perinteiden vaikutusta.

The information retrieval (IR) field has been successful in developing techniques to address many types of information needs. However, there are cases in which traditional approaches to IR are not able to produce adequate results. Examples include: when a small set of (2-3) documents is needed as an answer rather than a single document, or when "query splitting" is required to satisfactorily explore the document space. We explore an alternative model of building and presenting retrieval results for such cases. In particular, we research effective methods for handling information needs that may: 1. Include multiple topics: A typical query is interpreted by current IR systems as a request to retrieve documents that each discusses all topics included in that query. We propose an alternative interpretation based on query splitting. It allows queries to be interpreted as requests to retrieve sets of documents rather than individual documents, with meaningful relationships among the members of each such set. 2. Be interpreted as parts in a chain of relationships: Suppose a query concerns topics t1 and tm. Is there a relation between topics t1 and tm that involves t2 and possibly other topics as in {t1, t2, â ¦ tm}? Thus, we propose an alternative interpretation of user queries and presentation of the results. Our interpretation has the potential to improve retrieval results whenever there is a mismatch between the user's understanding of the collection and the actual collection content. We define and refine a retrieval scheme that enhances retrieval through a framework that combines multiple sources of evidence. Query results in our interpretation are networks of document groups representing topics, each group relating to and connecting to other groups in the network that partially answer the user's information need. We devise new and more effective representations and techniques to visualize results, and incorporate the user as part of the retrieval process. We also evaluate the improvement of the query results based on multiple measures. In particular, we verify the validity of our approach through a study involving a collection of Operating Systems research papers that was specially built for this dissertation. / Ph. D.