Maria Montessori's work was initiated in 1898 as a result of her becoming acutely aware of deficient children's learning patterns, while working at the Psychiatric clinic of the University of Rome. The principles which dominate the system, however, did not ·'"spring in full panoply from Montessori. Indeed, her inspiration came largely from early and mid-nineteenth century writings of two French physicians, Itard and Seguin, who were Also involved in the teaching of deficient children. Extending on the ideas of these two educator-physicians, as well as the ideas of Froebe!, Montessori innovatively brought the child's senses into contact with carefully selected didactic apparatus in a carefully structured and ordered environment. According to Montessori, the liberty of the child is a prerequisite for self-education and forms the first major pillar of her didactic theory, and thus becomes the focus of the first chapter dealing with her didactic approach (chapter three) • Montessori believed that the function of education was to assist growth and if the individual child was given the liberty of movement within a prepared environment, a sense of competence would be achieved and the learning of the child would come about almost spontaneously. The principles of individuality and the training of the senses comprise the other two pillars, and form the basis for chapter four and five respectively. The principle of individuality is rooted in the belief that each child has a uniqueness which cannot be ignored without irretrievable damage to his personality. The current educational situation in South Africa, reveals a diversity of educational problems as a result of different ethnic and cultural groups all being thrust into a common educational system. The insidious pressures of conformity to a single standard of education must of necessity lead to a compromise of '"standards. The exposure of educational deficiencies inherent in such a move is characterised by learning impediments and deficiencies in the educational scenario. Research has therefore been undertaken in an attempt to extract those aspects that could provide meaningful pedagogic assistance to meet a present educational need. / Educational Studies / D. Ed. (History of Education)

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-27T16:33:45Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Yolanda D de Oliveira.pdf: 766097 bytes, checksum: f5b23a2a87f0801a53560e0f69361552 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-11-28 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / In this study, school education for children is examined in the work of Helvécio Ferreira de Andrade, an intellectual, doctor, and educator who had an important participation in debates about the modernization of schools in Sergipe between 1911 and 1935. The hypothesis adopted here is that children s education, in this State, was treated as a specific and scientific issue from the writings of this author that, for being part of the intellectual, medical, and educational scenarios, contributed to putting children s education into the center of the concerns that guided the school modernization project, directly related to the theme of teacher s training. Based on Sartre s understanding about totality , this study tried to understand Helvécio Andrade and his work, analyzing the scientific issues that were highlighted by the author, especially the ones that refer to Psychology, as well as the propositions related to the teacher s role in the primary school. It was verified that the author s proposition, in order to answer the expectation related to school renewal, refers to a kind of Pedagogy of a less rigorous and more attractive character, dedicated to the child s intellectual, moral, and physical education, as well as to the intelligent control of their wishes, under the guidance of sensorial and psychophysical Psychology. As for teacher s training, the author defends theoretical knowledge as a condition for a competent teacher s practice, and at the same time he emphasizes, in his training program, sensorial experience as the basis of knowledge / Neste trabalho é examinada a educação escolar da criança na obra de Helvécio Ferreira de Andrade, intelectual, médico e educador, que teve destacada participação nos debates acerca da modernização da escola em Sergipe, entre os anos de 1911 e 1935. A hipótese adotada é a de que a educação da criança, nesse Estado, foi tratada como uma questão específica e cientifica a partir dos escritos desse personagem que, inserido na cena intelectual, médica e educacional, contribuiu para colocar a educação da infância no centro das preocupações que orientaram o projeto modernizador da escola, diretamente relacionada ao tema da formação docente. Com base no entendimento de Sartre sobre totalidade , buscou-se compreender Helvécio de Andrade e sua obra, analisando as questões científicas destacadas pelo autor, especialmente as que se referem à Psicologia, assim como as proposições quanto à atuação do professor na escola primária. Constatou-se que a proposição do autor, para atender a expectativa de renovação da escola, diz respeito a uma pedagogia, de caráter menos rigoroso e mais atraente, voltada para a educação intelectual, moral e física da criança, bem como para o controle inteligente das vontades, sob a orientação da Psicologia sensorial e psicofísica. Quanto à formação docente, o autor defende o conhecimento teórico como condição para a atuação competente do professor e, ao mesmo tempo, enfatiza no seu programa de formação a experiência sensorial como a base do conhecimento

Maria Montessori's work was initiated in 1898 as a result of her becoming acutely aware of deficient children's learning patterns, while working at the Psychiatric clinic of the University of Rome. The principles which dominate the system, however, did not ·'"spring in full panoply from Montessori. Indeed, her inspiration came largely from early and mid-nineteenth century writings of two French physicians, Itard and Seguin, who were Also involved in the teaching of deficient children. Extending on the ideas of these two educator-physicians, as well as the ideas of Froebe!, Montessori innovatively brought the child's senses into contact with carefully selected didactic apparatus in a carefully structured and ordered environment. According to Montessori, the liberty of the child is a prerequisite for self-education and forms the first major pillar of her didactic theory, and thus becomes the focus of the first chapter dealing with her didactic approach (chapter three) • Montessori believed that the function of education was to assist growth and if the individual child was given the liberty of movement within a prepared environment, a sense of competence would be achieved and the learning of the child would come about almost spontaneously. The principles of individuality and the training of the senses comprise the other two pillars, and form the basis for chapter four and five respectively. The principle of individuality is rooted in the belief that each child has a uniqueness which cannot be ignored without irretrievable damage to his personality. The current educational situation in South Africa, reveals a diversity of educational problems as a result of different ethnic and cultural groups all being thrust into a common educational system. The insidious pressures of conformity to a single standard of education must of necessity lead to a compromise of '"standards. The exposure of educational deficiencies inherent in such a move is characterised by learning impediments and deficiencies in the educational scenario. Research has therefore been undertaken in an attempt to extract those aspects that could provide meaningful pedagogic assistance to meet a present educational need. / Educational Studies / D. Ed. (History of Education)