This PhD thesis takes a ’micro’ perspective on the production of higher education and research. More precisely, I use tools of industrial organization to study two individual institutions involved in their production process. The second chapter studies universities, the main producers of higher education and research, and the third and fourth chapters analyze scientific journals, which are central in the production and the dissemination of science. Besides being crucial nodes in the production and transmission of knowledge, these institutions, interestingly, share other common characteristics: they both emerged before the Industrial Revolution, their importance increased over the centuries and they seem unavoidable today, and many actors are private not-for-profit.

El objetivo del estudio fue realizar un análisis bibliométrico de las publicaciones científicas de la base de datos Scielo-Perú, para establecer información actual sobre los artículos científicos de Psicología sobre migración. Primero, se realizó una búsqueda de la variable migración en la base de datos Scielo Perú, encontrándose un total de 72 artículos, de los cuales quedaron 12 artículos relacionados a temas de Psicología, los que conformaron la muestra del estudio. Posteriormente, se realizaron los análisis de datos y metodologías utilizadas, y se desarrolló un análisis de la información obtenida. En los resultados destaca la gran cantidad de estudios cualitativos, el cien por ciento de trabajos contienen resumen, abstract, palabras claves, introducción y objetivos. Se concluye que, la bibliometría es una herramienta importante y útil para medir es resultado del ejercicio investigador, volviendo tangible la información de estudios previos con el fin de contribuir con el desarrollo y avance de la ciencia peruana. / The objective of the study was to perform a bibliometric analysis of the scientific publications of the Scielo-Peru database, to establish current information on the scientific articles of Psychology on migration. First, a search of the migration variable was carried out in the Scielo-Peru database, with a total of 72 articles, of which 12 articles related to Psychology topics remained, which formed the study sample. Subsequently, the data analyzes and methodologies used were performed, and an analysis of the information obtained was developed. The results highlight the large number of qualitative studies, one hundred percent of works contain abstract, abstract, keywords, introduction and objectives. It is concluded that, bibliometry is an important and useful tool to measure is the result of the research exercise, making the information of previous studies tangible in order to contribute to the development and advancement of Peruvian science. / Trabajo de investigación

Cette thèse est basée sur une étude des problèmes de reproductibilité rencontrés dans la recherche en traitement d'image. Nous avons conçu, créé et développé un journal scientifique, Image Processing On Line (IPOL), dans lequel les articles sont publiés avec une implémentation complète des algorithmes décrits, validée par les rapporteurs. Un service web de démonstration des algorithmes est joint aux articles, permettant de les tester sur données libres et de consulter l'historique des expériences précédentes. Nous proposons également une politique de droits d'auteur et licences, adaptée aux manuscrits et aux logiciels issus de la recherche, et des règles visant à guider les rapporteurs dans leur évaluation du logiciel. Le projet scientifique que constitue IPOL nous apparaît très bénéfique à la recherche en traitement d'image. L'examen détaillé des implémentations et les tests intensifs via le service web de démonstration ont permis de publier des articles de meilleure qualité. La fréquentation d'IPOL montre que ce journal est utile au-delà de la communauté de ses auteurs, qui sont globalement satisfaits de leur expérience et apprécient les avantages en terme de compréhension des algorithmes, de qualité des logiciels produits, de diffusion des travaux et d'opportunités de collaboration. Disposant de définitions claires des objets et méthodes, et d'implémentations validées, il devient possible de construire des chaînes complexes et fiables de traitement des images. / This thesis is based on a study of reproducibility issues in image processing research. We designed, created and developed a scientific journal, Image Processing On Line (IPOL), in which articles are published with a complete implementation of the algorithms described, validated by the rapporteurs. A demonstration web service is attached, allowing testing of the algorithms with freely submitted data and an archive of previous experiments. We also propose copyrights and license policy, suitable for manuscripts and research software software, and guidelines for the evaluation of software. The IPOL scientific project seems very beneficial to research in image processing. With the detailed examination of the implementations and extensive testing via the demonstration web service, we publish articles of better quality. IPOL usage shows that this journal is useful beyond the community of its authors, who are generally satisfied with their experience and appreciate the benefits in terms of understanding of the algorithms, quality of the software produced, and exposure of their works and opportunities for collaboration. With clear definitions of objects and methods, and validated implementations, complex image processing chains become possible.

Orientador: Ethel Volfzon Kosminsky / Banca: Luis Antonio Francisco de Souza / Banca: Ileizi Fiorelli Silva / Banca: Célia Aparecida Ferreira Tolentino / Resumo: No Brasil tem-se elaborado, nos últimos quinze anos, um conjunto significativo de pesquisas denominadas 'estado do conhecimento', 'estado da arte' ou balanço da produção. A produção acadêmica acerca do trabalho infantil tem sido significativa na década de 1980 e mais ainda nos últimos anos. Este trabalho expõe o resultado de um estudo bibliográfico onde foram reunidos 97 artigos relacionados ao trabalho infantil distribuídos em 58 títulos de periódicos brasileiros. O recorte temporal feito abrange desde o início da década de 1980, momento em que a temática começou a adquirir visibilidade na produção acadêmica, até o ano de 2004 quando sistematizamos as bases do projeto de pesquisa. O balanço da produção propõe-se a mapear e discutir a produção científica acerca do trabalho infantil realizada em publicações de periódicos científicos examinando o instrumental teórico, as perspectivas e as conclusões apresentadas. O estudo se debruçou sobre os aspectos mais enfocados pelos(as) autores(as) que publicam artigos nos periódicos, como os que associam trabalho infantil e pobreza e os analisam a questão a partir da 'escolha', 'estratégia de sobrevivência' que a criança realiza dentro de seu grupo de pertencimento. Além disso, pode-se delinear uma análise inicial de questões relevantes à compreensão do trabalho infantil ressaltando a escassa produção encontrada no que diz respeito ao estudo do trabalho infantil doméstico e das relações de gênero. / Abstract: In the last fifteen years, a substantial amount of so called "state of the art" research in Brazil has been developed. The academic research concerning child labor has been significant in the 1980's and even more in the past few years. This work shows the result of a bibliographical study where 97 articles related to child work, distributed among 58 brazilian publications were analyzed together. The period selected cover the begining of the 1980 decade, when the academic production started to pay attention in this subject, until 2004, when we designed this research project, which also proposes to map and discuss the scientific productions, reviening the theoretical framework, the perspectives and presented conclusions, approaching most important topics pointed by the authors, like those that relates child work with poverty. Besides, its possible to outline an initial analisys of the most important questions in order to understand the child work, considering the sparse production regarding themes such as domestic child labor and gender issues. / Mestre

L’agriculture est un secteur qui connaît de forts bouleversements depuis plusieurs années en France. Face à cette instabilité croissante, les firmes ont besoin de moyens pour caractériser leur environnement externe et ainsi être en capacité de saisir les opportunités qui se créent. Cette thèse a pour objectif de développer une méthode d’intelligence technologique qui pourra être intégrée au sein du groupe Avril. Pour cela, nous nous appuyons sur le cas de la moindre utilisation des antibiotiques dans l’élevage.Dans un premier temps, nous montrons en quoi les méthodes d’intelligence technologique peuvent effectivement apporter un soutien au management de l’innovation chez Avril. Nous étudions l’agro-industrie et plus particulièrement l’élevage à travers les concepts de paradigmes, de trajectoires ou encore de régimes technologiques qui se retrouvent dans la littérature évolutionniste. Nous montrons que le paradigme de l’antibiotique dans la santé animale est toujours d’actualité mais qu’un changement de trajectoire est en cours. Cela justifie le recours aux méthodes d’intelligence technologique.Dans un second temps, nous développerons une méthode d’intelligence technologique pour le groupe, appliquée à la caractérisation des solutions scientifiques et techniques pour une diminution de l’utilisation des antibiotiques dans l’élevage. A l’issue de ce cas, un travail plus poussé sur le cas précis des phages est réalisé. Nous montrons à travers ce travail comment ces méthodes peuvent s’intégrer au sein du processus organisationnel de la firme. / Agriculture is a sector with major upheavals for several years in France. Faced with this growing instability, firms need to characterize their external environment to be able to seize opportunities. This thesis aims to develop a method of competitive technical intelligence that can be integrated in the Avril group. For this, we rely on the case of the lower use of antibiotics in livestock farming.First, we show how competitive technical intelligence methods support the management of innovation in the Avril group. We study agro-industry and more particularly livestock farming through the concepts of technological paradigms, trajectories and regimes that are found in evolutionary literature. We show that the antibiotic’s paradigm in animal health is still relevant, but changes of technological trajectories are in progress. That is why we can use the competitive technical intelligence methods.Secondly, we develop a method of competitive technical intelligence for the Avril group, applied to the characterization of scientific and technical solutions for a decrease in the use of antibiotics in livestock farming. At the end of this case, we work on the case of phages for more precisions. We show through this work how these methods can be integrated in the organizational process of the firm.

Os Museus e Centros de Ciências nas últimas décadas vêm ganhando espaço dentro dos debates científicos e novas estratégias para atrair o público que os visita têm sido elaboradas. Nesse contexto, a divulgação científica vem se mostrando de grande importância e aliada para aproximar a ciência do público. O presente trabalho tem por objetivo avaliar como uma exposição, contendo uma maquete interativa, referente a uma pesquisa do Instituto de Química de São Carlos da Universidade de São Paulo, pode motivar alunos de Ensino Médio a aprender Ciência. Segundo a Teoria da Autodeterminação proposta por Edward L. Deci e Richard M. Ryan em 1980, o indivíduo desenvolve a motivação intrínseca por meio de três necessidades psicológicas básicas: autonomia, competência e pertencimento. Tais necessidades podem sofrer várias influências externas. A fim de incentivar estas três necessidades, foi elaborada uma maquete interativa de Química, na qual o público interage e aprende com os objetos, para compor uma exposição museal. Para a coleta dos dados, foi realizada a triangulação metodológica com a combinação de estratégias quantitativas e qualitativas. Os instrumentos de coleta de dados utilizados foram o questionário Intrinsic Motivation Inventory com escala Likert contendo cinco fatores que influenciam a motivação intrínseca: interesse, percepção de competência, esforço, valor, pressão e percepção de escolha, uma entrevista semiestruturada e observação. A pesquisa foi desenvolvida com 250 estudantes do ensino médio de escolas públicas das cidades de São Carlos e Ibaté que visitaram a exposição montada na Biblioteca da Prefeitura do Campus USP de São Carlos. A análise dos resultados permitiu verificar que o professor é um importante agente na motivação, no aprendizado e no interesse dos estudantes por Química. Os resultados também mostram a importância da universidade dentro da divulgação científica e sua responsabilidade para a motivação dos estudantes. / The Museums and Science Centers in the last decades have been expanding in the scientific debates and new strategies to attract the visiting public have been elaborated. In this context, the scientific dissemination is proving to be of great importance and coupled to bring science closer to the public. The present work aims to evaluate how an exhibition, containing an interactive mockup, referring to a research of the Institute of Chemistry of São Carlos of the University of São Paulo, can motivate students of High School to learn Science. According to the Self-Determination Theory proposed by Edward L. Deci and Richard M. Ryan in 1980, the individual develops intrinsic motivation through three basic psychological needs: autonomy, competence, and belonging. Such needs may undergo various external influences. In order to stimulate these three needs, an interactive mockup of Chemistry was elaborated, in which the public interacts and learns with the objects, to compose a museum exhibition. For data collection, methodological triangulation was performed with the combination of quantitative and qualitative strategies. The data collection instruments used were the Intrinsic Motivation Inventory with Likert scale containing five factors that influence intrinsic motivation: interest, perception of competence, effort, value, pressure and perception of choice, a semi-structured interview and observation. The research was developed with 250 high school students from public schools in the cities of São Carlos and Ibaté, who visited the exhibition set up in the City Hall´s library of the USP Campus of São Carlos. The analysis of the results allowed verifying that the teacher is an important motivation agent, in the learning and in the interest of the students by Chemistry. The results also show the importance of the university within the scientific dissemination and its responsibility for the motivation of the students.

This thesis is based on a study of reproducibility issues in image processing research. We designed, created and developed a scientific journal, Image Processing On Line (IPOL), in which articles are published with a complete implementation of the algorithms described, validated by the rapporteurs. A demonstration web service is attached, allowing testing of the algorithms with freely submitted data and an archive of previous experiments. We also propose copyrights and license policy, suitable for manuscripts and research software software, and guidelines for the evaluation of software. The IPOL scientific project seems very beneficial to research in image processing. With the detailed examination of the implementations and extensive testing via the demonstration web service, we publish articles of better quality. IPOL usage shows that this journal is useful beyond the community of its authors, who are generally satisfied with their experience and appreciate the benefits in terms of understanding of the algorithms, quality of the software produced, and exposure of their works and opportunities for collaboration. With clear definitions of objects and methods, and validated implementations, complex image processing chains become possible.

LieMSIS PDB is the system designed for gathering of scientific publications data and for statistical analysis of such data. The system allows not only analysis of scientific publications bibliographical information (sort of publication, year of publishing, etc.) but it also allows to account administrative data of the authors (position in the institution, degree and etc.). This document contains overview of LieMSIS PDB development process, LieMSIS PDB evolution from the first version to the current version and statistical data of LieMSIS PDB usage.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:24:06Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2007-02-22Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T20:11:57Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 moraes_rv_me_mar.pdf: 1130507 bytes, checksum: 2095101a06de837511a07e7f5a3f944c (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / No Brasil tem-se elaborado, nos últimos quinze anos, um conjunto significativo de pesquisas denominadas 'estado do conhecimento', 'estado da arte' ou balanço da produção. A produção acadêmica acerca do trabalho infantil tem sido significativa na década de 1980 e mais ainda nos últimos anos. Este trabalho expõe o resultado de um estudo bibliográfico onde foram reunidos 97 artigos relacionados ao trabalho infantil distribuídos em 58 títulos de periódicos brasileiros. O recorte temporal feito abrange desde o início da década de 1980, momento em que a temática começou a adquirir visibilidade na produção acadêmica, até o ano de 2004 quando sistematizamos as bases do projeto de pesquisa. O balanço da produção propõe-se a mapear e discutir a produção científica acerca do trabalho infantil realizada em publicações de periódicos científicos examinando o instrumental teórico, as perspectivas e as conclusões apresentadas. O estudo se debruçou sobre os aspectos mais enfocados pelos(as) autores(as) que publicam artigos nos periódicos, como os que associam trabalho infantil e pobreza e os analisam a questão a partir da 'escolha', 'estratégia de sobrevivência' que a criança realiza dentro de seu grupo de pertencimento. Além disso, pode-se delinear uma análise inicial de questões relevantes à compreensão do trabalho infantil ressaltando a escassa produção encontrada no que diz respeito ao estudo do trabalho infantil doméstico e das relações de gênero. / In the last fifteen years, a substantial amount of so called state of the art research in Brazil has been developed. The academic research concerning child labor has been significant in the 1980's and even more in the past few years. This work shows the result of a bibliographical study where 97 articles related to child work, distributed among 58 brazilian publications were analyzed together. The period selected cover the begining of the 1980 decade, when the academic production started to pay attention in this subject, until 2004, when we designed this research project, which also proposes to map and discuss the scientific productions, reviening the theoretical framework, the perspectives and presented conclusions, approaching most important topics pointed by the authors, like those that relates child work with poverty. Besides, its possible to outline an initial analisys of the most important questions in order to understand the child work, considering the sparse production regarding themes such as domestic child labor and gender issues.

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