Dedicated to Dr. William A. Todd, of Downingtown, Pa. / Last page blank. Microform version available in the Readex Early American Imprints series.

In 1973, researchers from the Institute of Nautical Archaeology (INA) were led to the site of a wrecked ship by sponge diver Mehmet A??k??n, near his hometown of Bozburun, Turkey. During further monitoring over the following 21 years by INA, the site was identified as a merchant vessel dating from the 9th century AD. The excavation of the site by INA researchers and students from Texas A&M University occurred over four summer seasons, from 1995 to 1998, and yielded approximately 900 whole or nearly-whole amphorae, personal items, palynological material, and approximately 35 percent of the vessel??s wooden hull. This dissertation is a record of the curation, cataloging, analysis and re-assembly of the preserved elements of the Bozburun vessel??s hull, as well as a theoretical reconstruction of the entire vessel. The Bozburun vessel is unique as it is the only fully-excavated shipwreck from the 9th century AD, and is, indeed, a valuable source of examples of ship construction in the Mediterranean between the 7th and the 11th centuries AD. This dissertation, after discussing the methods of excavation and cataloging methods, posits the hypothesis that the techniques used to build this vessel represent a transitional stage in shipbuilding technology, combining distinctly old and new techniques. While the builders used embedded edge joinery in the ship??s planking, a very old method, they also appear to have used a conceptual framework and standards to design the vessel as well; methods evident in modified forms in Italian shipbuilding treatises from the Renaissance.

In 1973, researchers from the Institute of Nautical Archaeology (INA) were led to the site of a wrecked ship by sponge diver Mehmet A??k??n, near his hometown of Bozburun, Turkey. During further monitoring over the following 21 years by INA, the site was identified as a merchant vessel dating from the 9th century AD. The excavation of the site by INA researchers and students from Texas A&M University occurred over four summer seasons, from 1995 to 1998, and yielded approximately 900 whole or nearly-whole amphorae, personal items, palynological material, and approximately 35 percent of the vessel??s wooden hull. This dissertation is a record of the curation, cataloging, analysis and re-assembly of the preserved elements of the Bozburun vessel??s hull, as well as a theoretical reconstruction of the entire vessel. The Bozburun vessel is unique as it is the only fully-excavated shipwreck from the 9th century AD, and is, indeed, a valuable source of examples of ship construction in the Mediterranean between the 7th and the 11th centuries AD. This dissertation, after discussing the methods of excavation and cataloging methods, posits the hypothesis that the techniques used to build this vessel represent a transitional stage in shipbuilding technology, combining distinctly old and new techniques. While the builders used embedded edge joinery in the ship??s planking, a very old method, they also appear to have used a conceptual framework and standards to design the vessel as well; methods evident in modified forms in Italian shipbuilding treatises from the Renaissance.

Wu, Liang. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2011. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 172-179). / Abstracts in English and Chinese. / ABSTRACT --- p.i / 摘要 --- p.ii / ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS --- p.iii / LIST OF PHOTOGRAPHS --- p.v / LIST OF TABLES --- p.viii / CONTENTS --- p.ix / Chapter CHAPTER I: --- INTRODUCTION --- p.1 / LITERATURE REVIEW AND CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK --- p.3 / RESEARCH METHODS --- p.12 / THESIS STRUCTURE --- p.16 / Chapter CHAPTER II: --- ON BOARD THE CONTAINER SHIP IN THE SEA OF INTERNATIONAL TRADE --- p.18 / THE NEW ECONOMIC SEA --- p.19 / NEOLIBERALISM AND FLEXIBLE ACCUMULATION --- p.22 / FLAGS OF CONVENIENCE --- p.25 / MIXED NATIONALITY CREWING --- p.30 / THE NEW TECHNOLOGICAL SEA --- p.32 / SHIPBOARD STRUCTURES --- p.35 / A DAY AT SEA --- p.42 / CHAPTER SUMMARY --- p.47 / Chapter CHAPTER III: --- THE CONTEMPORARY MEANINGS OF SEAMANSHIP --- p.49 / THE SAILOR： ROMANTICIZATION AND DISENCHANTMENT --- p.50 / MAKING A LIVING FOR HOME： THE FILIPINO EXAMPLE --- p.56 / THE VARIETY OF MEANINGS OF SEAMANSHIP --- p.63 / PROMOTION AND DROPPING OUT --- p.66 / FEMALE SEAFARERS AND THEIR SEAFARING STORIES --- p.71 / CHAPTER SUMMARY --- p.74 / Chapter CHAPTER IV: --- THE CONTAINERIZATION OF SEAFARERS --- p.76 / TRANSFORMATION OF THE SEASCAPE AND PORTSCAPE --- p.77 / PORTS AWAY FROM THE SHORE --- p.82 / FROM DAYS TO BUSY HOURS --- p.87 / "THE GUARDS, THE VICTIMS AND THE TERRORISTS" --- p.93 / TO MAKE A PHONE CALL --- p.98 / TELECOMMUNICATIONS AT SEA --- p.100 / SOCIAL COSTS FOR FAMILIES --- p.103 / CONTROLS ON WORKING BODIES --- p.105 / OUT THERE ON O N E ' S OWN --- p.110 / A PRISON WITH NICE FACILITIES --- p.113 / CHAPTER SUMMARY --- p.119 / Chapter CHAPTER V: --- ALL IN THE SAME SEA --- p.121 / REPRESENTATION AND WAGE DIFFERENTIATION BY NATIONALITY --- p.122 / ENGLISH AS THE COMMON INDUSTRIAL LANGUAGE --- p.128 / "HIERARCHY, PUNISHMENT AND OBEDIENCE" --- p.131 / "ETHNIC STEREOTYPES, DIVISION AND UNITY" --- p.137 / THE FAMILIAR STRANGERS --- p.143 / DINING AND OTHER SCARCE OPPORTUNITIES FOR SOCIAL INTERACTIONS --- p.147 / END OF CONTRACTUAL FRIENDSHIPS --- p.154 / CHAPTER SUMMARY --- p.156 / Chapter CHAPTER VI: --- CONCLUSION --- p.159 / THE CONTAINER SHIP AND SEAFARERS --- p.159 / SAILING FORWARD --- p.166 / BIBLIOGRAPHY --- p.172 / APPENDIX --- p.180 / LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS --- p.182 / GLOSSARY --- p.184

An array of ship types was used during the European Age of Expansion (early 15th to early 17th centuries), but one vessel in particular emerges from the historical records as a harbinger of discovery: the caravel. The problem is that little is known about these popular ships of discovery, despite the fair amount of historical evidence that has been uncovered. How big were they? How many men did it take to operate such a vessel? What kind of sailing characteristics did they have? How and by whom were they designed? Where did they originate and how did they develop? These questions cannot be answered by looking at the historical accounts alone. For this reason, scholars must take another approach for learning about caravels by examining additional sources, namely ancient shipbuilding treatises, archaeological evidence, surviving archaic shipbuilding techniques, and iconographic representations from the past. Information gained from the available sources reveals many of the caravel’s characteristics through time. This ship type outclassed its contemporaries during the age of exploration because of its highly adaptive characteristics. These traits were, principally, its shallow draught, speed, maneuverability, and ability to sail close to the wind. This combination of attributes made the caravel the ideal ship for reconnaissance along the rocky African coastline, as well as for making the transatlantic voyages to the New World. It was built in a Mediterranean way during its post-medieval phases, a method that still survives in some parts of the world today. During the Age of Discovery (ca. 1430 to 1530), the caravel sat low in the water, had one sterncastle, and was either lateen-rigged or had a combination of square and lateen sails. This vessel reflects the advanced shipbuilding technology that existed in Europe at this time, and played and important role in the voyages which allowed the Europeans to expand their territories around the world. The results of the studies presented in this thesis provide a history and development of the caravel, which was gradual and often obscure. What has been gained from this work is a body of information that can be applied to other studies about ancient seafaring, and can serve as a starting point for further research.

An array of ship types was used during the European Age of Expansion (early 15th to early 17th centuries), but one vessel in particular emerges from the historical records as a harbinger of discovery: the caravel. The problem is that little is known about these popular ships of discovery, despite the fair amount of historical evidence that has been uncovered. How big were they? How many men did it take to operate such a vessel? What kind of sailing characteristics did they have? How and by whom were they designed? Where did they originate and how did they develop? These questions cannot be answered by looking at the historical accounts alone. For this reason, scholars must take another approach for learning about caravels by examining additional sources, namely ancient shipbuilding treatises, archaeological evidence, surviving archaic shipbuilding techniques, and iconographic representations from the past. Information gained from the available sources reveals many of the caravel’s characteristics through time. This ship type outclassed its contemporaries during the age of exploration because of its highly adaptive characteristics. These traits were, principally, its shallow draught, speed, maneuverability, and ability to sail close to the wind. This combination of attributes made the caravel the ideal ship for reconnaissance along the rocky African coastline, as well as for making the transatlantic voyages to the New World. It was built in a Mediterranean way during its post-medieval phases, a method that still survives in some parts of the world today. During the Age of Discovery (ca. 1430 to 1530), the caravel sat low in the water, had one sterncastle, and was either lateen-rigged or had a combination of square and lateen sails. This vessel reflects the advanced shipbuilding technology that existed in Europe at this time, and played and important role in the voyages which allowed the Europeans to expand their territories around the world. The results of the studies presented in this thesis provide a history and development of the caravel, which was gradual and often obscure. What has been gained from this work is a body of information that can be applied to other studies about ancient seafaring, and can serve as a starting point for further research.

Batavia, a Dutch East Indiaman, sank in 1629 on its maiden voyage to the Indies in the Houtman Abrolhos Archipelago off the coast of Western Australia. The ship gained notoriety for the mutiny and horrific massacre that engulfed the survivors after the wreck, but the vessel itself was lost for centuries. The remains of the ship were discovered in 1963, and excavated between 1971 and 1980 by a team of archaeologists from the Western Australian Museum. The surviving hull timbers, raised from the seabed by archaeologists, represent approximately 3.5 percent of the original hull. They include part of the transom and aft port quarter of the ship. To date, Batavia represents the only excavated remains of an early seventeenth–century Dutch East Indiaman that have been raised and conserved in a way that permits detailed study. This is of great significance as there are no lines drawings or construction plans for any Dutch ships from this period. The study and comparison of the Batavia hull timbers with those of other Dutch shipwrecks and historic documentation contributes to the understanding of Dutch shipbuilding techniques at the end of the sixteenth and beginning of the seventeenth centuries.

No description available.

Proefschrift--Utrecht.

Thesis (M.A.)--University of North Carolina Wilmington, 2009. / Title from PDF title page (January 13, 2010) Includes bibliographical references (p. 93-101)