No description available.

Diss. Stockholm : Handelshögsk., 2004.

Resumo: Os padrões de floração no nível de comunidade podem afetar a dinâmica dos sistemas ecológicos. Dessa formam a caracterização dos modos de polinização e padrões de floração no nível de comunidade são fundamentais para entender a variação sazonal das flores, polinizadores e sua organização temporal nas diferentes vegetações. Portanto, nos examinamos a floração no nível de comunidade e procuramos identificar padrões agregados, segregados e temporalmente aninhados na Reserva Municipal de Santa Genebra (SGR), uma floresta semidecídua do Sudeste de Brasil. Depois, nós avaliamos os padrões de floração, a diversidade e organização temporal por modos de polinização em SGR. Posteriormente, nos concentramos na dinâmica temporal de uma pequena rede de visitantes florais. Finalmente, estudamos outras dois redes de visitantes florais e avaliamos como diferentes tipos de enlaces (i.e. pilhadores e polinizadores efetivos) afetam a estrutura das redes. Nós encontramos que os padrões de floração em SGR são agregados e aninhados, e identificamos as causas do aninhamento temporal quando removemos as espécies de floração longa. Alem do mais, a SGR apresentou uma alta diversidade de modos de polinização, comparável a outras florestas tropicais, e essa diversidade encontra se representada ao longo das diferentes estações desde que o clima e a filogenia não restringiram a floração da maior parte das espécies. Nos encontramos uma alta dinâmica temporal na nossa pequena rede de visitantes florais junto a um importante componente especial de algumas interações. Por ultimo, a remoção... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: Flowering patterns are likely to affect ecological dynamics of plant communities. In that sense, characterization of pollination modes and its flowering patterns at a community level are fundamental to understand the seasonal variation of flowers, pollinators and their temporal organization in different vegetations. Therefore, we examine the flowering patterns at a community level and explored aggregation, segregation and temporal nestedness at the Santa Genebra Reserve, (SGR), a semideciduous forest of Southeastern Brazil. Then, we also evaluate the flowering patterns, diversity and temporal organization of pollination modes within the SGR. Subsequently, we focus on the temporal dynamic of a small sphyngophylous flower visitation network. At last, we studied two other flower visitation networks - Malpighiaceae and Bignoniaceae - and evaluated how different types of links (i.e. cheaters and effective pollinators) influence network topology. We found that the flowering pattern of the SGR community is aggregated and nested. We also identified the causes of nestedness in this community by removing the long-lasting flowering plants. In addition, SGR forest present a high diversity of pollination modes, comparable to other tropical systems, and this diversity is represented across the seasons, since climate and phylogeny did not restrict the flowering of most plants regardless the pollination mode. We also find a high temporal dynamic in our small visitation network as well as a spatial component of some links. Finally, the removal of a particular type of links (cheaters) in one of the visitation networks (Bignoniaceae) completely changed the structure of the network. To conclude, even when the community... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Orientador: L. Patricia C. Morellato / Coorientador: Paulo R. Guimarães Junior / Banca: Isabela Galarda Varassin / Banca: Isabel Alves dos Santos / Banca: Marco Aurelio Pizo Ferreira / Banca: Mauro Galetti Rodrigues / Doutor

abstract: Overwork is a long documented social problem in the United States linked to an abundance of negative outcomes. Typically this issue has been addressed organizationally at the individual level or socially as an economic structural problem. While both approaches are valid in their own ways, missing from these angles is an approach to overwork from an individual perspective. This study explores overwork from the perspective of seasonal workers in Glacier National Park who typically work for the National Park Service five months and spend the rest of the year recreating. Using qualitative interviews and observations, this piece investigates a seasonal mentality towards work in terms of agency and trust, conceptions and practices of work and life, and in terms of embodiment and spirituality. Grounded theory methods were used to develop an axiomatic analysis which informs a poetic and narrative expression of findings in concert to the discussion and implications of the study. The findings of this study illustrate how seasonal workers present a fascinating alternative to traditional work arrangements in a capitalist system. They possess a unique approach to work and life that foregrounds life experience, freedom, and process as opposed to material goods or stability. They tend to approach work and life as an integrated and holistic pursuit as opposed to a segregated and problematic enterprise. And they tend to approach their work as an embodied and spiritual craft as opposed to something accomplished quickly and efficiently for the economic benefit of the organization. Implications of this research suggest that agency and trust maintain a deeply interconnected and dialectical relationship which agents navigate as they build towards ontological security; that re-conceptualizing work-life as "life first" has potential for fundamentally reshaping the ways life (and work) get experienced; and that divisions between minds and bodies as they have been typically structured between white and blue collar work might be interrupted via the inclusion of the human spirit at work. These findings interrupt common practices of overwork in different ways but primarily function as a reminder that ways of thinking coincide with ways of living and working. / Dissertation/Thesis / Ph.D. Communication Studies 2012

Seasonal pattern and extent of asexual reproduction in liverwort species Lophozia ascendens, L. ventricosa and L. longiflora were studied in the Boubínský prales and Milešický prales old-growth forest reserves in the Šumava Mts., South Bohemia. Asexual reproduction was quantified as the number of 1{--}2 -celled gemmae produced per individual shoot. Numbers of gemmae per shoot among sampling months differed significantly as did the numbers of gemmae in samples among Lophozia ascendens, L. ventricosa and L. longiflora among sampling months. Germinability of gemmae was low in early spring, highest in August and September and slightly decreased in October. Spreading potential of gemmae was investigated in the epixylic hepatic Anastrophyllum hellerianum. Gemmae were trapped at different distances (0 {--} 10 m) and directions from the source colonies in two experiments: one was realized in the natural habitat within a forest and the other in an artificial set-up in the open habitat. Dispersal of gemmae showed slight distance dependence both in the natural and open habitats. Habitat requirements (e. g. decay degree, texture, bark cover, log diameter) of the L. ascendens and A. hellerianum were investigated in both reserves, 126 logs were found. Mostly tiny liverworts grew with L. ascendens and A. hellerianum. Both studied species occurred on logs with degree of decay 2 {--} 7 and degree of texture 2 {--} 6.

Orientadores: Melissa Gurgel Adeodato Vieira, Domitila Pascoaloto / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Química / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-26T10:26:16Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Kimura_SolenisePintoRodrigues_D.pdf: 5566316 bytes, checksum: 8d96b931971d41f62348a0fad4be21f2 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014 / Resumo: Os recursos hídricos são sistemas dinâmicos que fazem parte do ciclo de sobrevivência de todos os seres vivos, a sua conservação se faz necessária através do controle de qualidade de suas águas. A lagoa da Francesa, localizada na cidade de Parintins/AM, recebe resíduos domésticos e industriais, cuja composição variada vem modificando as características naturais de suas águas. O local de estudo apresenta naturalmente variação no volume de água em determinados períodos do ano. Este trabalho teve como objetivo a identificação e a avaliação das causas de alterações na qualidade da água e de sedimentos da lagoa da Francesa (Parintins/AM), envolvendo o reconhecimento das características locais que possam ter relação com as fontes de poluição responsáveis pela contaminação do corpo hídrico comparando os principais parâmetros de qualidade da água aos limites legais ambientais. Para isso, foram coletadas amostras de água e de sedimento em nove pontos distintos na extensão da lagoa nos meses de março, julho e setembro de 2012 e 2013, período compreendido entre o nível baixo e alto de água da lagoa, respectivamente (período de sazonalidade que é influenciado pelo regime hidrológico do rio Amazonas) e analisados para água os parâmetros físico-químicos e biológicos: temperatura, pH, condutividade, oxigênio dissolvido, turbidez, DBO (Demanda Bioquímica do Oxigênio), DQO (Demanda Química de Oxigênio), COT (carbono orgânico total), clorofila a, coliformes totais e fecais, amônia, nitrito, nitrato, fósforo e nitrogênio total, fosfato, os metais pesados (Cd, Pb, Cu, Ni, Zn e Cr), os elementos ferro total e dissolvido e manganês. Os valores obtidos nos anos foram comparados com intuito de identificar e avaliar as variáveis que afetam a qualidade da água, considerando a variação do regime hidrológico, tendo como padrão de referência os valores legais estabelecidos pela Resolução CONAMA 357/05 para águas de classe 2. Para o sedimento foram avaliadas as variáveis: granulometria, carbono, nitrogênio fósforo, matéria orgânica e os metais (Cd, Pb, Cu, Ni, Zn e Cr), além do ferro e manganês e comparados aos limites legais estabelecidos pela resolução CONAMA 344/04. Os resultados indicam fontes antrópicas que são evidenciadas pelos parâmetros fósforo total, nitrogênio, baixos valores de oxigênio dissolvido e de DBO, condutividade elétrica e altos valores de coliformes totais e fecais na área da lagoa de Francesa, bem como a presença de metais pesados na água e no sedimento. Essa condição é mais acentuada no período de águas baixas, indicando que o regime hidrológico influencia diretamente na qualidade da água da lagoa. Em julho (período de águas altas), a lagoa apresentou capacidade de diluição para alguns parâmetros, que foi evidenciada através da redução de suas concentrações. Foram também identificadas espécies de macrófitas no decorrer do estudo visando à obtenção de um possível bioindicador de qualidade da água. As espécies Eichhornia crassipee e Paspalun repens tiveram maior predominância e são tidas como boas adsorventes de metais pesados. O estudo mostrou que, apesar da contribuição antrópica, a lagoa mantém, ainda, sua capacidade de diluir para a maioria dos constituintes poluentes, principalmente no período de maior volume de água (enchente). Porém, pode-se verificar a necessidade da adoção de medidas preventivas em curto prazo, em função do possível crescimento populacional e suas demandas por produtos e serviços associados / Abstract: Water resources are dynamic systems that are part of the survival of all living beings cycle; its preservation is required by quality control of its waters. The lagoon's volume of water depends on the month. In this work our goal is identify and assess the causes of changes in water quality and sediments of the Lagoa da Francesa (Parintins / AM), involving the recognition of local features that may be related to pollution sources responsible for pollution of the water body in comparing the key parameters of water quality to environmental legal limits. Then, water and sediment samples were taken at nine different points in the extension of the pond during the months of March, July and September 2012 and 2013, the period between the low and high levels, respectively (period of seasonal water level of the pond which is influenced by the regime hydrology of the Amazon river). For water samples we analyzed physico-chemical and biological parameters: temperature, pH, conductivity, dissolved oxygen, turbidity, BOD (Biochemical oxygen Demand), COD (chemical Oxygen Demand), TOC (total organic carbon) , chlorophyll a, total and fecal coliform, ammonia, nitrite, nitrate, phosphorus and total nitrogen, phosphate, heavy metals (Cd, Pb, Cu, Ni, Zn and Cr), the total and dissolved manganese and iron elements. The values obtained were compared with years in order to identify and evaluate the variables that affect water quality, considering the variation of the hydrological regime, taking as reference standard legal values established by CONAMA Resolution 357/05 for Class 2 water. For sediment samples we evaluated the following parameters: particle size, carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus, organic matter and metals (Cd, Pb, Cu, Ni, Zn and Cr), in addition to iron and manganese, and we purchased with the legal limits established by CONAMA Resolution 344 / 04. The results indicate that anthropogenic sources is evidenced by the parameters total phosphorus, nitrogen, low values of dissolved oxygen and BOD, electrical conductivity and high values of total and fecal coliforms in the lagoon area of French, as well as the presence of heavy metals in water and in sediment. This condition is more pronounced in low water period indicating that the hydrological regime directly influences the quality of the pond water. In July (during high water level), the pond showed the capacity of dilution for some parameters, which was evidenced by the reduction of their concentrations. Macrophytes were identified during the study, as a possible biological indicator of water quality. Species Eichhornia crassipee and Paspalun repens had higher prevalence and are seen as good bioadsorbents of heavy metals. The study showed that despite the anthropogenic contribution, the lagoon still maintains its ability to dilute constituents for most pollutants, especially during larger volume of water (flooding). However, there is a need for adopting preventive measures in the short term, due to the possible population growth and demands for their products and associated services / Doutorado / Engenharia Química / Doutora em Engenharia Quimica

No description available.

Nosema ceranae is a recently described, widespread microsporidian parasite of Apis mellifera that has raised concerns as to whether it is contributing to increased colony losses. To better understand this parasite, investigations were made into the seasonality of infections, alternative transmission mechanisms, and potential control approaches. All studies used real-time PCR with specific primers and probes for N. ceranae, as well as traditional spore analysis. Monthly colony monitoring in Virginia showed that N. ceranae was present yearlong with the highest levels observed in April-June and lower levels through the fall and winter. There was no difference in infection levels among bees sampled from different areas of the hive regardless of the time of year. Additionally, N. ceranae infects all castes of the colony. Drones of different ages, including pupae, in-hive, and flying drones, were found to be infected at low levels with infections most prevalent during peak annual levels in April-June. Approximately 5% of flying drones had moderate to high levels of infection indicating that flying drones, which would be the most likely age group to drift, could assist in the horizontal transmission of N. ceranae both within and between apiaries. Immature and mated queens were also found to be infected at low levels. Infection in the ovaries and spermathecae suggests the possibility for vertical transmission. Finally, control of N. ceranae is thought to improve the health of bees and to reduce colony losses. Fall fumagillin treatments and winter stimulative pollen feeding were compared. Neither treatment significantly lowered N. ceranae levels in colonies sampled 3-6 months later, nor did they significantly improve colony survival. Due to the high cost of treatment and the time required, we do not recommend either treatment for N. ceranae infections during the fall. Colony winter losses due solely to N. ceranae seem unlikely because levels of N. ceranae were low. Impacts from N. ceranae infections were also minimal during the summer as productive colonies had some of the highest levels of infection. Although N. ceranae is prevalent throughout hives, it does not seem to be a major cause of colony losses. / Ph. D.

The majority of vertebrates are tropical, existing in an environment with low temperature seasonality. However, there is a strong research bias towards temperate-zone studies of seasonality. I investigated the timing of life history stages and trade-offs in tropical rufous-collared sparrows (Zonotrichia capensis) in the humid Andes of Ecuador, then compared my data to temperate-zone Zonotrichia. In Chapter II, I investigated the function of male territorial aggression. Males had peak territorial aggression scores during pre-breeding and nesting, suggesting that paternity protection and food resource defense are the primary selective forces shaping male territorial behavior. Territorial aggression responses depended on the life history stage of males, which were not synchronized within the general population. In Chapter III, I tested for a trade-off between male territorial aggression scores and paternal provisioning rate. Males with higher provisioning rates had nestlings with larger body size, but contrary to the findings of previous studies, there was no direct relationship between aggression and paternal provisioning. In Chapter IV, I investigated how Z. capensis allocated supplemental food. Previous studies (mainly in temperate-zone breeding birds) found food supplements were allocated to reproduction. We supplemented fed birds in both non-breeding and feeding fledglings life history stages; both groups molted (replaced feathers) in response to supplementation, thus invested in their own maintenance over immediate reproduction. In Chapter V, I tested whether latitude and/or altitude are good predictors of reproductive synchrony in Zonotrichia. Reproductive synchrony indices overlapped among tropical and temperate populations. The high altitude, temperate-zone Zonotrichia population had the highest synchrony index, but there was only a weak relationship of altitude in a comparison of tropical populations. Cumulatively I found that tropical humid-forest resident Z. capensis time life history stages according to individual condition and history and not by overarching climatic cues. / Ph. D.

Ocean acidification has the potential to profoundly affect marine ecosystems before the end of this century, but there are large uncertainties on its effects on temperate benthic communities. Volcanic CO2 seeps provide an opportunity to examine and improve our understanding of community responses to ocean acidification. In this thesis, two Mediterranean CO2 seeps (Methana in Greece and Vulcano in Italy) were used to investigate the responses of macroalgae and their epifaunal communities to increased CO2. Changes in plant-herbivore interactions at elevated CO2, as well as adaptation potential of dominant macroalgae and responses of macroalgae and epifauna to concurrent exposure to elevated CO2 and copper pollution, were also examined. Firstly, I determined that volcanic seeps off Methana (Greece) are suitable for ocean acidification studies as they do not have confounding gradients in temperature, salinity, total alkalinity, nutrients, hydrogen sulphide, heavy metals or wave exposure. Calcifying macroalgae abundance decreased as CO2 increased both at Methana and at Vulcano, while fucoid algae seemed to benefit from elevated pCO2 levels. Seasonality greatly affected macroalgal responses to increasing CO2, according to the annual cycles of dominant species. Epifaunal communities of dominant fucoid algae changed at elevated pCO2 as well, with calcifying invertebrates decreasing and polychaetes increasing near the seeps. Herbivore control of macroalgal biomass did not greatly change at elevated pCO2 levels, as limpets had a minor role in controlling macroalgal biomass off Vulcano (Italy) and sea urchins were replaced by herbivorous fish near seeps off Methana. The two macroalgal species examined for signs of long-term acclimatisation (Cystoseira corniculata (Turner) Zanardini and Jania rubens (Linnaeus) J.V.Lamouroux) to ocean acidification using reciprocal transplants did not appear to have permanently acclimatised to elevated pCO2 levels, but changed their physiology in four to nine months depending on the local environment. Furthermore, when exposed to a 36-hour copper pulse at elevated pCO2 levels both seaweed species accumulated more copper in their tissues compared to those exposed to copper in reference pCO2 conditions, and this resulted in altered epifaunal assemblages on C. corniculata. These observations suggest that benthic communities will significantly change as CO2 levels increase, and that long-term acclimatisation is not likely to play a significant role; this would have profound consequences for benthic ecosystems and the services they provide.