Submitted by Caroline Falcao (caroline.rfalcao@ufpe.br) on 2017-05-25T17:17:49Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 811 bytes, checksum: e39d27027a6cc9cb039ad269a5db8e34 (MD5) Dissertação Amanda Yumi Otsuka.pdf: 1257140 bytes, checksum: 4ae2b3d501e90eaac61afd7db72c977e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-05-25T17:17:49Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 811 bytes, checksum: e39d27027a6cc9cb039ad269a5db8e34 (MD5) Dissertação Amanda Yumi Otsuka.pdf: 1257140 bytes, checksum: 4ae2b3d501e90eaac61afd7db72c977e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-02-11 / A plataforma continental de Pernambuco caracteriza-se por possuir um declive suave, ser estreita, rasa, com águas relativamente quentes, elevada salinidade e por apresentar- se quase inteiramente coberta por sedimentos carbonáticos biogênicos. Esse ambiente é afetado pelo aporte continental, atuando como um receptor final de água, materiais e substâncias, que são transportados pelas descargas dos rios. Desta forma, as regiões costeiras são as mais afetadas pela ação antrópica. O presente trabalho apresentou como objetivo analisar a dinâmica da clorofila-a e parâmetros hidrológicos na plataforma continental de Pernambuco adjacente aos rios Jaboatão e Capibaribe. Foram realizadas coletas bimestrais, abrangendo período chuvoso e de estiagem, em um ponto situado na zona estuarina e quatro outros pontos distribuídos na plataforma. Foram analisados vários parâmetros ambientais como clorofila a, profundidade, salinidade, temperatura, oxigênio dissolvido, taxa de saturação do oxigênio, pH, nutrientes inorgânicos (N- amoniacal, nitrito, nitrato, fosfato e silicato), material particulado em suspensão. A pluviosidade foi a forçante física que mais influenciou na maioria dos parâmetros. No rio Jaboatão, a clorofila-a no estuário variou de 2,89 à 34,71 mg.m-3 e na plataforma de 0,21 à 9,67 mg.m-3 . De acordo com a ACP, a clorofila a esteve diretamente relacionada temperatura, taxa de saturação do oxigênio e inversamente com o pH, transparência da água e salinidade. No porto do Recife, a clorofila a variou entre 13,48 à 145,09 mg.m-3 no estuário e na plataforma a de 0,24 à 19,29 mg.m-3 . A ACP mostrou uma relação direta da clorofila-a com o N-amoniacal, fosfato, transparência e inversa com nitrato e material particulado em suspensão. Nas duas áreas estudadas, houve um aumento da biomassa no período de estiagem. Os pontos da plataforma que mais sofreram influência do deságue foram os mais centrais (P3 e P4), devido ao predomínio dos ventos alísios de sudeste. Após análise das duas áreas, observou-se que os estuários encontram-se poluídos e que no porto do Recife a carga de matéria orgânica é bem mais elevada do que o Jaboatão, provocando maior efeito na plataforma adjacente. Em termo de dispersão de pluma dos rios, no porto do Recife a presença do dique de proteção provoca uma certa perturbação no sentido da corrente, limitando esta pluma, para a parte mais costeira, o que não foi observado na área do Jaboatão. / The continental shelf of Pernambuco is characterized by a gentle slope, it is narrow, shallow, almost entirely covered by biogenic carbonate sediments; the water in the area is warm and has a high salinity. This environment is affected by continental input, and acts as a final receptor of water, materials and other substances that are transported by river discharge. Thus, the coastal regions are the most affected by human action. This study aims to analyze the dynamics of chlorophyll-a and hydrological parameters on the inner shelf of Pernambuco adjacent to the Jaboatão and Capibaribe rivers. The samplings were performed bimonthly at one research site on the estuarine zone and four additional sites distributed on the platform, covering the dry and rainy seasons. Various environmental parameters such as chlorophyll-a, depth, salinity, temperature, dissolved oxygen, oxygen saturation rate, pH, inorganic nutrients (ammonia, nitrite, nitrate, phosphate and silicate), and suspended particulate matter were analyzed. Rainfall was the most influent physical forcing to most parameters. In the Jaboatão River, chlorophyll-a ranged from 2.89 to 34.71 mg.m–3 in the estuary; and from 0.21 to 9,67 mg.m-3 at the platform. According to the PCA , the chlorophyll-a was directly related to temperature, oxygen saturation rate and inversely with the pH, water transparency and salinity. In the Port of Recife, chlorophyll-a ranged from 13.48 to 145.09 mg.m-3 in the estuary and from 0.24 to 19.29 mg.m-3 in the inner shelf. The PCA showed a direct relationship of chlorophyll-a with ammonia, phosphate and water transparency an inverse relationship with nitrate and suspended particulate matter. In both studied areas, there was an increase in biomass in the dry season. In the inner platform , The most central sites (P3 and P4) were the most influenced by river discharge, due to the dominance of trade winds from the southeast. After analysis of the two areas, it was observed that the estuaries are polluted and that, in the Port of Recife, the load organic matter is much higher than in Jaboatão causing greater effect on the adjacent platform. In regarding the river’s plume dispersion in the Port of Recife, the presence of the dike causes some disturbance in the direction of the current. The plume is then limited to the most coastal area. This fact was not observed in the Jaboatão area.

Submitted by dayse paz (daysepaz@hotmail.com) on 2016-04-08T01:13:49Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao-final-Brisa-Peres.pdf: 644532 bytes, checksum: 1a1d0d4be46c5e53dd65aa74fcfc2d2b (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by cleuza maria medina dos santos (cleuzamai@yahoo.com.br) on 2016-04-15T11:42:43Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao-final-Brisa-Peres.pdf: 644532 bytes, checksum: 1a1d0d4be46c5e53dd65aa74fcfc2d2b (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-15T11:42:43Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao-final-Brisa-Peres.pdf: 644532 bytes, checksum: 1a1d0d4be46c5e53dd65aa74fcfc2d2b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014 / A dieta da lontra neotropical é um dos aspectos mais conhecidos da sua biologia, no entanto, a maior parte dos estudos é realizada em apenas um corpo d’água, o que dificulta a compreensão das variações espaciais e sazonais na dieta desse mamífero de topo de cadeia. O presente estudo teve como objetivo compreender o hábito alimentar da L. longicaudis em três áreas do entorno do banhado do Taim e verificar a variação espacial e intra-anual na composição da dieta. Para a análise da dieta foram coletadas fezes da lontra neotropical em três corpos d´água de diferentes fisionomias no entorno do banhando do Taim. Em laboratório o material foi triado, identificado e classificado em sete categorias (molusco, crustáceo, inseto, peixe, anfíbio, ave e mamífero). Para compreender a importância de cada categoria foram calculadas as frequências de ocorrência absoluta (FOa) e relativa (FOr). As variações na dieta entre os locais e entre as estações foram testadas através de uma PERMANOVA de duas vias e por fim, foi aplicada a análise de similaridade de SIMPER, para verificar quais itens alimentares contribuíram mais na variação espacial e sazonal. Foram coletadas 315 fezes nas três áreas amostradas, o item peixe foi o mais consumido em todas as áreas e estações, entretanto, o segundo item mais predado variou espacial e sazonalmente. Houve diferença significativa na dieta entre as áreas com e sem o item peixe (p= 0,0001), com maior dissimilaridade entre o arroio Vargas e o canal do Marmeleiro. A dieta entre as estações também variou de forma significativa entre todos os locais e em cada área individualmente. Os resultados indicaram diferença na dieta da Lontra longicaudis nas três áreas amostradas e ao longo das estações no extremo Sul do país. Os itens secundários e complementares variaram significativamente entre as áreas, de acordo com as características de cada local, e entre as estações, provavelmente conforme a variação na disponibilidade das presas e a facilidade em predá-las. / The neotropical otter’s diet is one of the best known aspects of its biology, however, most of the studies are performed only at one aquatic environment which difficult the comprehension of seasonal end spatial variation on the diet of these top chain mammal. The present study aim to understand the feeding habits of Lontra longicaudis at three areas surrounding the Taim’s wetlands and examine the spatial and intra-annual variation. For the diet analysis we collected neotropical otter scats from three bodies of water in Taim. In laboratory the material was identified and classified into seven categories: mollusk, crustacean, insect, fish, amphibian, bird and mammals. To understand the importance of each category, it was calculated absolute frequencies occurrence (AFO) end relative frequencies occurrence (RFO). The diet variations between the sampling sites and seasonal variation were tested through a two-way PERMANOVA and similarity analyses (SIMPER) was applied to determine which items have contributed more on the spatial and seasonal variation. There were collected 315 scats over the three sample sites. Fish was the most consumed item in all sites and season, however, the second most preyed item may vary spatial and seasonally. There was significant differences in diet among areas with and without fish (p=0.0001) with greater dissimilarity between the Vargas stream and the Marmeleiro channel. Among the season, the diet also varied significantly across all sites and each site individually. The results indicated a difference of L. longicaudis diet in all three sample sites and along the season in the southern Brazil. The secondary items and addiction vary significantly according the sites characteristics and between the season probably according to the variation of the availability of prey and the facility to capture.

O Imposto sobre a Propriedade de VeÃculos Automotores (IPVA), nos Ãltimos dez anos, tem apresentado crescimento expressivo, motivado pelas polÃticas econÃmicas e fiscais que estimularam o aumento do consumo de veÃculos. O IPVA, ocupando o segundo lugar no volume de arrecadaÃÃo de tributos do estado, tem importante papel no custeio da mÃquina pÃblica municipal e estadual, razÃo esta que levou a elaboraÃÃo desse trabalho. A administraÃÃo pÃblica, ao dispor de modelos de previsÃo, poderà avaliar o comportamento da arrecadaÃÃo desse importante imposto, como forma de identificar qual a modelagem que mais se adÃqua na previsÃo dessa receita. O presente estudo à pioneiro no Brasil, pois trata da avaliaÃÃo do desempenho preditivo de arrecadaÃÃo do IPVA de veÃculo novo, com a utilizaÃÃo de modelos auto-regressivos, com e sem componentes sazonais. Os registros da arrecadaÃÃo de IPVA de veÃculo novo foram extraÃdos do Sistema IPVA, da Secretaria da Fazenda do Estado do CearÃ, e consta o perÃodo de janeiro de 1999 a marÃo de 2010, no total de 135 (cento e trinta e cinco) meses. Os modelos sÃo avaliados com base nas previsÃes para os perÃodos de alta na arrecadaÃÃo (de janeiro a marÃo) e no perÃodo de baixa da arrecadaÃÃo (de maio a julho). A sÃrie foi deflacionada pelo INPC-CE visando identificar as variaÃÃes reais positivas ou negativas, sem a inflaÃÃo. A sazonalidade à uma das principais caracterÃsticas apresentadas na sÃrie estudada. O desempenho das previsÃes a partir das combinaÃÃes desses modelos serÃ, tambÃm, avaliado. A modelagem foi composta de 6 (seis) modelos acrescidos de variÃveis de tendÃncia, de dummies e de componente sazonal SAR(12), mais 3 (trÃs) outros modelos combinados. / The Tax on Motor Vehicles (property taxes) in the last ten years has shown significant growth, driven by economic and fiscal policies that encouraged increased consumption of vehicles. The property taxes rank second in volume of tax collections for the state, has an important role in the funding of municipal and state machine, the reason that led the preparation of this work. The government to dispose of forecasting models can evaluate the behavior of this important tax revenue as a way to identify which model that best suits in anticipation of this recipe. This study is a pioneer in Brazil, as evaluates the predictive performance of collection of property taxes from new vehicle, with the use of autoregressive models, with and without seasonal components. The records of the collection of property taxes from new vehicle has been taken from System property taxes, the Finance Secretary of the State of CearÃ, and set the period from January 1999 to March 2010, a total of 135 (one hundred thirty-five) months. The models are evaluated on the bases for forecasts in periods of high inflow (January to March) and the low period of collection (May-July). The series was deflated by the INPC-CE to ideentify the real changes positive or negative, without inflation. Seasonality is a major feature in the series studied. The performance of the forecasts from combinations of these models will also be evaluated. The model was composed of six (6) models, plus variables for trend, seasonal dummies and component SAR (12), 3 (three) other models combined.

A cada ano a dengue tem preocupado cada vez mais os países e levado os sistemas de vigilância da saúde, nas diversas esferas, a adotar várias medidas para o seu controle, tendo em vista a iminência de uma grande epidemia de febre hemorrágica no mundo. Os estudos epidemiológicos ajudam esses sistemas de vigilância a melhorar e direcionar as ações preventivas para o controle da doença. O objetivo desse trabalho foi realizar um estudo epidemiológico dos casos notificados e confirmados de dengue, a partir do banco de dados do SINAN, nos anos de 2000 a 2005 no Município de Guarulhos (SP). Para se analisar a ocorrência da doença segundo variáveis sócio-demográficas (sexo, raça, faixa etária e a densidade demográfica de cada bairro) foi realizada uma análise estatística onde se observou as diferenças entre os casos do banco de dados e os indivíduos da população do município para cada variável. Para a variável sexo, não foram observadas diferenças estatísticas significativas entre as proporções para cada sexo na amostra e na população do município (P=0,28); para a variável raça, não foi observada diferença estatística significativa entre as proporções de indivíduos das raças parda e indígena (P>0,05), porém nas outras comparações entre as raças (branca, negra, amarela e ignorado), foram observadas diferenças estatísticas (P<0,05) em comparação com a população do Estado. Para as faixas etárias, não foram observadas diferenças estatísticas significativas nas categorias de 15-19 anos, 20-24 anos, 25-29 anos, 55-59 anos, 60-64 anos e 70-74 anos (P>0,05) em relação às proporções nas faixas etárias correspondentes na população do município. Por outro lado, nas outras faixas etárias (0-4, 5-9, 10-14, 30-34, 40-44, 45-49, 50-54, 75+ anos) foram observadas diferenças estatísticas significativas (P<0,05). Procurou-se relacionar o número mensal de casos, ano a ano, tanto com o índice de Breteau quanto com os dados meteorológicos de precipitação total mensal e a temperatura média compensada mensal, porém foi observada uma baixa correlação estatística entre os casos da doença e este índice e entre os casos e a temperatura média compensada mensal e a precipitação total mensal. Também foi realizada uma análise da série histórica dos casos, onde foi possível observar o aumento de casos nos anos de 2002 e 2003. Na análise de sazonalidade foi observado que, nos meses de fevereiro a maio, o número de casos supera a média anual, ficando abaixo da média nos meses de junho a janeiro. Os casos foram distribuídos nos mapas georreferenciados por bairros e por ano de incidência e foi possível observar o processo de endemização da doença, com casos espalhados no município em todos os anos do estudo. / Dengue is a disease that concerns health authorities in many countries and the surveillance systems are adopting measures to control it, once a great epidemic of hemorrhagic fever is expected to occur. Epidemiologic studies help these surveillance systems to improve and to manage preventive actions to control the disease. The objective of this research was to carry out an epidemiologic study of notified and confirmed cases of dengue, from the database of SINAN, corresponding to the years from 2000 to 2005 in the City of Guarulhos (SP). To analyze the occurrence of the illness according to social-demographic variables (sex, race, age and demographic density of each district), a statistical analysis was performed, and, for each variable, the differences between the cases of the data base and the individuals of the population of the city were observed. For the variable \"sex\", statistically significant differences between the proportions for each sex in the data base and in the city population were not observed (P=0.28); for the variable \"race\", a statistically significant difference was not observed between the proportions of individuals of the races \"medium brown\" and \"indigenous\" (P>0.05), however in the other comparisons between races (\"white\", \"black color\", \" yellow\" and \"ignored\"), statistically significant differences were observed (P<0.05). For age, statistically significant differences were not observed in the categories of 15-19 years, 20-24 years, 25-29 years, 55-59 years, 60-64 years and 70-74 years (P>0.05) when compared with the corresponding age intervals in the city population. However, in the other age intervals (0-4, 5-9, 10-14, 30-34, 40-44, 45-49, 50-54, 75+ years) statistically significant differences were observed (P<0.05). We assessed whether there was a relationship between the monthly number of cases, for each year, and the Breteau index, the meteorological data of monthly total precipitation and monthly compensated average temperature. Low correlation coefficients, however, were observed between the cases and the Breteau index and between the cases and the monthly compensated average temperature and the monthly total precipitation for each year. An analysis of the time series of cases was carried out, and it was possible to observe an increase in the number of cases in years 2002 and 2003. In the seasonal analysis it was observed that, from February to May, the number of cases surpasses the annual mean, and that the number of cases from June and January are below the mean. The cases were distributed in georeferenced maps by district and year of incidence and it was possible to observe the process of increasing endemicity of the illness, with cases spread throughout the city in every year of the study.

Os objetivos do estudo foram: (a) avaliar a influência da suplementação de vitamina A na dieta de cachaços nos parâmetros seminais: volume, motilidade, vigor espermático, pH, concentração espermática, número total de espermatozóides, percentual de espermatozóides vivos e anormalidades morfológicas ao longo do ano; (b) averiguar a variabilidade das características, em animais suplementados com vitamina A na dieta, frente às variações da temperatura nas estações do ano. A pesquisa foi desenvolvida no Laboratório de Pesquisa em Suínos, da FMVZ-USP, utilizando-se 10 machos de linhagem híbrida e distribuídos em dois tratamentos, controle (nível de 25.000 UI de vitamina A/animal/dia) e suplementado com a vitamina A (nível de 40.000 UI de vitamina A/animal/dia). O delineamento foi inteiramente casualizado, com medidas repetidas no tempo, sendo os dados analisados utilizando o programa estatístico Statistical Analysis System (SAS). As probabilidades de interações com o tempo foram determinadas pelo teste de Greenhouse-Geisser Epsilon, considerando o nível de significância de 5%. Em relação aos efeitos da vitamina A durante o período de 1 ano, verificou-se que não houve diferença entre os tratamentos para os parâmetros seminais, não encontrando-se efeito de interação tempo e tratamento. Detectou-se efeito de tempo para os parâmetros pH, concentração espermática, número total de espermatozóides, percentual de espermatozóides vivos e anormalidades morfológicas. Já na averiguação da variabilidade também não foi constatado efeito de tratamento, porém houve efeito de estação do ano para todos os parâmetros e de temperatura para o percentual de espermatozóides vivos, pH e anormalidades morfológicas, não sendo verificado efeito para os demais parâmetros. Inferiuse com o estudo que, dada à condição metabólica diferencial dos animais híbridas, novas averiguações devem ser perseguidas para a relação nutrição e reprodução, uma vez que, os efeitos positivos da suplementação da vitamina A na espermatogênese foram evidenciados, principalmente nas características que mais se relacionam com a formação da célula espermática, as anormalidades morfológicas, percentual de espermatozóides vivos e número total de espermatozóides no ejaculado. / The objectives of the study were: (a) to evaluate the effect of vitamin A supplementation on boars? diet considering the parameters: volume, motility, spermatic vigor, seminal pH, spermatic concentration, total number of spermatozoa, percentage of living sperm cells and morphologic abnormalities during one year; (b) to investigate the variability founded against the temperature and seasons of the year on vitamin A supplemented animals seminal parameters. The research was developed in the Laboratory of Research in Swines, the FMVZUSP, using 10 boars of hybrid lineages. Two treatments were used having the control (level of 25.000 UI of vitamin A/animal/day) and vitamin A supplemented group (level of 40.000 UI of vitamin A/animal/day). The statistical design was random, with repeated measured in time. The analyzed data used was the statistical program Statistical Analysis System (SAS). The probabilities of the interactions in time were determined by Greenhouse-Geisser Epsilon test, considering the significant level 5%. None of the evaluated parameters was significantly different and no detected interaction in time was found treatment. In relation to the effects of the vitamin A on supplementation in one year period it wasn?t have differences among treatments on seminal parameters, and also there wasn?t interaction in time and at treatment, however for pH, spermatic concentration, total number of spermatozoa, percentage of living sperm cells and morphologic abnormalities it was detected effect on time. In relation to the variability there wasn?t treatment effect, however there was for all the parameters studied effect of the season. The effect of temperature was only for the percentage of living sperm cells, pH and morphologic abnormalities. It was concluded that at a given metabolic condition of the hybrid animals, new ascertainments must be inquired for the relation nutrition and reproduction, a time that, the positive effect of the suplementation of the vitamin in spermatogenesis had been evidenced, mainly in the characteristics that more become related with the formation of the espermática cell.

Abstract Females may either mate with one (monandry) or several (polyandry) males during a single breeding season. The polyandrous mating system has prompted numerous studies since the recognition of a widespread occurrence of mixed paternity among animals. Consequently, the benefits of polyandry have become well-established, and the female role in sexual selection upgraded. Females may gain both material and genetic benefits from multiple mating. Hence, the occurrence of polyandry is understandable, whereas monandry remains an evolutionary puzzle especially among species with male nutrient provisioning. I studied both the life history variation among female mating tactics and the adaptive significance of monandry in varying environmental conditions in the green-veined white butterfly [Pieris napi, (L. 1758)], which is a predominantly polyandrous species with nuptial feeding. I used a combination of explicit laboratory experiments and field studies. My results show that monandry and degrees of polyandry are distinct strategies with life history differences reaching beyond mating frequencies. Polyandry corresponded with a higher lifetime fecundity than monandry in P. napi. Polyandry was, however, associated with relatively low fecundity during the early days of reproduction. Thus, monandry is beneficial if time for reproduction is limited severely enough or other female traits or behaviours associated with polyandry are traded off against longevity. Due to temporal variation in reproductive rate among mating tactics, offspring of polyandrous females have less time to complete development. Accordingly, polyandrous females developed at a faster rate as larvae than monandrous ones under optimal conditions. Despite growth rate variation, monandrous females were more likely to contribute to additional summer generation in conditions that allow production of only a partial second generation, and thus monandry is favoured under these conditions. Genetic variation in female mating tactics will not only prevail if environmental conditions do not allow all individuals to contribute evenly to the directly breeding generation in bivoltine populations, but also if even the production of a single generation per year is time-limited. A general conclusion would be that seasonality and unpredictability of fitness in the wild drives the evolution of optimal female mating tactics and promotes the maintenance genetic variation in mating frequencies, regardless of the direct benefits of nuptial feeding. Even if a high degree of polyandry would be the most profitable mating tactic in an average year, strong annual variation in weather conditions and the duration of summer may create possibilities for a temporally fluctuating selection that promotes a co-existence of different mating tactics because variance of fitness is likely increase with an increasing mating frequency.

The purpose of the thesis is to identify factors that affect the profitability and risk of trading futures calendar spreads. The basic characteristics of futures and trading calendar spreads with seasonal time frames are described in the first part of the thesis. The selected factors such as the correlation of short-term and long-term seasonal patterns, the trading in the extreme, the trading single or multiple crops, the width of the seasonal window, the win probability, the length of backtested period and intermarket vs. intramarket spreads are analyzed from the perspective of profitability and risk in the second part. A summary of the results is contained in the conclusion.

The phenomenon of seasonality of birth in schizophrenia is important in the study of the etiology of this mental disorder because it helps to give directions for further research. Patients' hospital files from 1981 to 1991 of two of the largest hospitals with psychiatric wards in Taiwan were reviewed, and dates of birth collected on 3346 patients diagnosed with schizophrenia. After adjusting for the variations of the total monthly births in the population, an Auto-Regressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA) model was applied. Results support a seasonality phenomenon and indicate a disproportional excess of births in schizophrenia in the cold months (Nov. to Feb.) compared to the hot months (May to Aug.). These findings are compatible with many other studies in other countries and climates. Further investigations of season-related environmental factors in the etiology of schizophrenia are recommended.

This study examines locomotor activity in samples of Frontinella pyramitela collected over its active season (April-October) to investigate whether seasonality and/or age may help explain the exceptional variability typically found in spider clock systems. Despite its noteworthy variability (%CV= 7.7), we have found that Frontinella has a mean free-running period of 28.4±2.18 hours that does not significantly vary over time. There is no correlation between day length and free-running period, indicating that varying length of FRP is not a function of photoperiod length. In LD 12:12 h, the window of activity is significantly smaller in April, gradually widening as the season continues, which may be evident of a shift in foraging strategy. Frontinella’s clock appears to mature before its entrainment mechanisms are fully developed, and towards the end of its season, there is strong evidence of circadian misalignment which may be a product of physiological age.

博士（経済学） / 甲第99号 / 155p / Hitotsubashi University