Introdução: A morbi-mortalidade por DCV representa relevante problema de saúde pública da atualidade. Os mecanismos envolvidos na aterogênese envolvem a inflamação e resistência à insulina. Diante das evidências de que hábitos saudáveis são capazes reduzir eventos cardiovasculares e da baixa adesão à dieta saudável, foi elaborada a Dieta Cardioprotetora Brasileira DICA-Br, utilizando conceitos de densidade energética e de nutrientes para auxiliar a orientação dietética. Objetivo: Comparar os efeitos da DICA-Br com a orientação alimentar habitual do sistema de saúde pública quanto a fatores de risco tradicionais, biomarcadores circulantes de aterogênese e índice de resistência à insulina em sub-amostra do estudo matriz. A amostra incluiu 212 adultos que apresentaram prévio evento cardiovascular, alocados aleatoriamente para o grupo DICA-Br ou Controle (orientações alimentares habitualmente usadas no SUS). A DICA-Br diferencia-se pelo fato de incluir alimentos brasileiros e pela estratégia educacional. No basal e após 6 meses das intervenções foram obtidos dados clínicos e as concentrações de glicose de jejum, insulina, perfil lipídico, PCR, MCP-1,VCAM-1, ICAM-1 e selectina-E, comparados por testes t de Student ou equivalentes não paramétricos.Resultados: Os grupos DICA-Br e Controle apresentaram resultados similares após as intervenção, respectivamente quanto às reduções de peso (76,6±13,9 para 75,1±14,0 e75,5±13,1 para 74,4±13,2 kg; p<0,001), circunferência da cintura (100,0±11,1 para 98,1±12,0 e 99,3±10,4 para 98,2±10,2 cm; p<0,05), pressão arterial sistólica (132±22 para 125±17 e 133±21 para 124±18 mmHg; p<0,05) e diastólica (79±10 para 73±10 e 77±13 para 71±11 mmHg; p<0,05). As ingestões de energia total, gordura total e saturada também reduziram significantemente, porém sem correlação com medidas antropométricas. As intervenções não induziram mudanças em variáveis bioquímicas, de adesão celular e inflamação e HOMA-IR e tiveram comportamentos semelhantes quanto a estas variáveis. Conclusões: DICA-Br e orientação alimentar habitual induzem efeitos similares sobre fatores de risco cardiovasculares tradicionais, biomarcadores de aterogênese e resistência à insulina. Desconhece-se se a DICA-Br poderá ser estratégia de educação alimentar alternativa às orientações dietéticas padrão a ser empregada no sistema público de saúde, capaz de reduzir a adiposidade corporal de indivíduos de alto risco. / Background: Nowadays, morbidity and mortality due to CVD represent relevant public health problem. The mechanisms of atherogenesis involve inflammation and insulin resistance. Considering that healthy habits are able to reduce cardiovascular events and the low compliance to healthy diet, the Brazilian Cardioprotective Diet DICA-Br was proposed using concept of energy and nutrients density to help dietary guidance. Objective: To compare the effects of DICA-Br with the usual food orientation delivered by the public health system to traditional risk factors, circulating biomarkers of atherogenesis and insulin resistance index, in sub-study sample of the main study. The sample consisted of 212 adults with overt atherosclerosis, randomly allocated to the DICA-Br or Control group (usual dietary guidelines used in SUS). The differential of DICA-Br is that it includes Brazilian foods and the innovative educational strategy. At baseline and after 6 months of interventions, clinical data and fasting glucose, insulin, lipids, CRP, MCP-1, VCAM-1, ICAM-1 and E-selectin concentrations were obtained and compared by Student t test or the non-parametric correspondent ones. Results: DICA-Br and Control group showed similar results after 6 months of intervention concerning respectively, weight loss(76.6±13.9 to 75.1±14.0 and 75.5±13.1 to 74.4±13.2 kg; p<0.001), waist circumference (100.0±11.1 to 98.1±12.0 and 99.3±10.4 and 98.2±10.2 cm; p<0.05), systolic (132±22 to 125±17 and 133±21 to 124±18 mmHg, p<0.05) and diastolic blood pressure (79±10 to 73±10 and ± 77±13 to 71±11 mmHg, p<0.05). Total energy, total fat and saturated fat intakes also reduced significantly, but no correlation was found with anthropometric measurements. The interventions did not induce changes in metabolic variables, cell adhesion molecules and inflammation biomarkers and HOMA-IR and both showed similar results regarding these variables. Conclusion: The DICA-Br and usual food counseling induce similar effects on traditional cardiovascular risk factors, biomarkers of atherogenesis and insulin resistance. It is unknown whether the DICA-Br will be an alternative approach for dietary education to the standard strategy to be employed in the public health system, able to reduce the body fat in high-risk individuals.

Aims: The DETECT study was performed to obtain representative data about the frequency, distribution, and treatment of patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) in the primary care setting in Germany. Methods and results: The DETECT study was a cross–sectional clinical– epidemiological survey of a nationally representative sample of 3795 primary care offices and 55 518 patients. Overall, 12.4% of patients were diagnosed with CAD. Stable angina pectoris and myocardial infarction were the most frequent (4.2%) subgroups, followed by status post (s/p) percutaneous coronary interventions (PCI, 3.0%) and s/p coronary bypass surgery (2.2%). Patients with CAD were prescribed AT1 receptor antagonists (in 19.4% of cases), beta blockers (57.2%), ACE inhibitors (49.9%), antiplatelet agents (52.7%), statins (43.0%), and long–term nitrates (24.5%). When comparing all CAD patients with social health care insurance to those who had private insurance, private patients had significantly higher rates of revascularisation procedures and use of preventive medications. Conclusion: Great potential remains for improving secondary prevention in primary care in Germany to reduce the risk of further coronary or vascular events, especially in patients with social health care insurance.

Patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) are at high risk for reinfarction and death, with the highest rate of death and reinfarction occurring within 30 days of AMI. Therapies that have been shown to reduce these risks (secondary prevention) continue to be underutilized. Nurse practitioners are well positioned to provide secondary prevention during and following hospitalization. The purpose of this pilot study was to examine the feasibility, acceptability, and preliminary effects of an NP delivered secondary prevention intervention. The specific objectives were: 1) to describe NP activities when delivering the secondary prevention intervention; 2) to evaluate the effect of the NP intervention on the rate of implementation of evidence-based secondary prevention treatment strategies and the patients’ achievement of secondary prevention target goals; and, 3) to examine the relationship between the NP activities delivering the intervention and secondary prevention goal achievement by patients. A prospective cohort design was used, in which patients’ achievement of target goals were compared between patients who received secondary prevention care from an NP and those who received usual care. The sample of convenience consisted of 65 patients with AMI. Data on practice activities and implementation of secondary prevention by the NP were collected before discharge from hospital and one week, two weeks, six weeks and 3 months after discharge. Data on patients’ achievement of goals were obtained before discharge from hospital and 3 months after discharge from both groups. This study’s results provide preliminary evidence that an NP delivered secondary prevention intervention, beginning prior to discharge and continuing for three months post myocardial infarction, significantly improves the implementation and uptake of guideline based secondary prevention treatments and risk factor reduction strategies. NP-led interventions such as this warrant replication. The unique contribution of the NP with this patient population is the training and skills needed to deliver all aspects of secondary prevention, including pharmacological and nonpharmacological therapies, without the immediate availability of a physician.

Patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) are at high risk for reinfarction and death, with the highest rate of death and reinfarction occurring within 30 days of AMI. Therapies that have been shown to reduce these risks (secondary prevention) continue to be underutilized. Nurse practitioners are well positioned to provide secondary prevention during and following hospitalization. The purpose of this pilot study was to examine the feasibility, acceptability, and preliminary effects of an NP delivered secondary prevention intervention. The specific objectives were: 1) to describe NP activities when delivering the secondary prevention intervention; 2) to evaluate the effect of the NP intervention on the rate of implementation of evidence-based secondary prevention treatment strategies and the patients’ achievement of secondary prevention target goals; and, 3) to examine the relationship between the NP activities delivering the intervention and secondary prevention goal achievement by patients. A prospective cohort design was used, in which patients’ achievement of target goals were compared between patients who received secondary prevention care from an NP and those who received usual care. The sample of convenience consisted of 65 patients with AMI. Data on practice activities and implementation of secondary prevention by the NP were collected before discharge from hospital and one week, two weeks, six weeks and 3 months after discharge. Data on patients’ achievement of goals were obtained before discharge from hospital and 3 months after discharge from both groups. This study’s results provide preliminary evidence that an NP delivered secondary prevention intervention, beginning prior to discharge and continuing for three months post myocardial infarction, significantly improves the implementation and uptake of guideline based secondary prevention treatments and risk factor reduction strategies. NP-led interventions such as this warrant replication. The unique contribution of the NP with this patient population is the training and skills needed to deliver all aspects of secondary prevention, including pharmacological and nonpharmacological therapies, without the immediate availability of a physician.

The first aim of this study was to develop a research based, integrated, secondary prevention programme, called the Weight Over-concern and Well-being (WOW) programme, for the reduction of Subclinical Eating Disorder (SED) symptoms, associated traits and negative mood states, and the promotion of psychological well-being (PWB) in female students. Consequently the second aim was to determine the effectiveness of the WOW-programme on its own, in comparison with a combined Tomatis Method of sound stimulation (Tomatis, 1990) and WOW-programme, regarding the reduction of SED-symptoms, associated traits and negative mood states; the promotion of PWB; and outcome maintenance. The last aim was to obtain a deeper understanding and "insiders' perspective" of the lived experience of SED, through an interpretative phenomenological inquiry (Smith & Osborn, 2003). The motivation for the current study is a need for research based, integrated, risk-protective, secondary prevention programmes from a social-developmental perspective for female university students (Garner, 2004; Phelps, Sapia, Nathanson & Nelson, 2000; Polivy & Herman, 2002), given their risk status (Edwards & Moldan, 2004; Senekal, Steyn, Mashego & Nel, 2001; Wassenaar, Le Grange, Winship & Lachenicht, 2000). Concurrently in-depth descriptions from an "insiders' perspective" on the lived experience of SED are non-existent and require interpretative phenomenological study (Brocki & Wearden, 2006). Consequently this thesis consists of three articles, namely: (i) Development of a secondary prevention programme for female university students with Subclinical Eating Disorder, (ii) A secondary prevention programme for female students with Subclinical Eating Disorder: a comparative evaluation; and (iii) Lived experiences of Subclinical Eating Disorder: female students' perceptions. The research context comprised Subclinical Eating Disorder, secondary prevention and Positive Psychology. The first article, Development of a secondary prevention programme for female university students with Subclinical Eating Disorder (Kirsten, Du Plessis & Du Toit, 2007a), is qualitative in nature, and narrates a process of participatory action research followed to develop the WOW-programme. This social process of knowledge construction, embedded in Social Constructivist theory (Koch, Selim & Kralik, 2002), gradually revealed best clinical practice, and in retrospect, evolved over four phases. Phase One comprised experiential learning based on personal experiences with SED as undergraduate student and interaction with "participant researchers" as scientist practitioner (Strieker, 2002), resulting in a provisional risk model of intervention. Phase Two, a formal pilot study (Du Plessis, Vermeulen & Kirsten, 2004), afforded an evaluation of ideas generated in Phase One through a three-group pre-post-test design. Outcomes of Phase Two informed Phase Three, an integration of prior learning with Positive Psychology theory and clinical practice, resulting in a risk-protective model of prevention. Theoretical assumptions previously constructed were integrated and operationalised during Phase Four, into the final 9-session WOW-programme. In conclusion the process of knowledge construction was rigorous, despite the small overall sample size (n=28), since data saturation occurred within that sample. Although the multitude of aims involved in each session of the WOW-programme could be seen as unrealistic, in some direct or indirect way, they were addressed by means of relevant interventions due to the integrative approach. Thus future refinement is essential. Finally, despite aforementioned concerns, the WOW-programme proved to be robust on its own in reducing SED-symptoms and associated traits and enhancing PWB, as described in the second article of this thesis. The second article, A secondary prevention programme for female students with Subclinical Eating Disorder: a comparative evaluation (Kirsten, Du Plessis & Du Toit, 2007b), describes the outcomes of the WOW-programme on its own, evaluated comparatively with a combined Tomatis sound stimulation and WOW-programme. In this article the research aims were to determine: (i) whether participation in the combined sound stimulation and WOW-programme (Group 1); and (ii) participation in a WOW-programme only (Group 2), would lead to statistically significant reductions in SED-symptoms, psychological traits associated with eating disorders and negative mood states, and enhancement of PWB; (iii) whether results of Groups 1 and 2 would exceed results of a non-intervention control group (Group 3) practically significantly; and (iv) whether programme outcomes for Groups 1 and 2 would be retained at four-month follow-up evaluation. A mixed method design (Creswell, 2003; Morse, 2003) was used, including a three-group pre-post-test (n=45) and multiple case study (n=30) design. Various questionnaires measuring SED-symptoms, associated traits, negative mood states and PWB were completed. Qualitative data were obtained by means of metaphor drawings, letters to and from the "SED-problem", focus group interviews, the researchers' reflective field notes and individual semi-structured feedback questionnaires (Morse, 2003). Participation in Groups 1 and 2 proved effective, since decreases in SED-symptoms, associated traits, most negative mood states, and increases in PWB differed practically significantly from the results of Group 3. Outcomes for Groups 1 and 2 were maintained at four-month follow-up evaluation. Qualitative findings provided depth, support and trustworthiness to quantitative findings in light of the small sample size, and highlighted the value of using a mixed method design in prevention programming. It was concluded that the WOW-programme on its own, was an effective secondary prevention programme, since it led to reduced SED-symptoms, associated psychological traits and enhanced PWB, with retention of gains at four-months follow-up evaluation. The combined programme involving Tomatis stimulation and WOW-intervention proved to be even more effective, thus the complimentary role of Tomatis stimulation was demonstrated. However, the cost-effectiveness and comparative brevity of the WOW-programme rendered it the programme of choice regarding individuals with SED. Findings showed that conceptually, pathogenic and salutogenic perspectives can be successfully combined into a risk-protective model of secondary prevention. Lastly, the WOW-programme may even prove useful as an enrichment programme for female students in general. The third article, Lived experiences of Subclinical Eating Disorder: female students' perceptions (Kirsten, Du Plessis & Du Toit, 2007c), provides a qualitative, in-depth perspective on the lived experience of SED of 30 white, undergraduate females, purposively sampled. In this interpretative phenomenological, multiple case study (Brocki & Wearden, 2006), Groups 1 and 2 of the aforementioned primary study in the second article were used, since they fitted the criteria of "good informants" and were able to answer the research question (Morse, 2003). Further sampling was deemed unnecessary since data saturation occurred within their written and verbal responses and no negative cases were found. Rich individual qualitative data, further clarified through focus groups, emerged from graphic colour representations of lived SED, explanatory written records and "correspondence" with and from their "SED problem" (Gilligan, 2000; Loock, Myburgh, & Poggenpoel, 2003; White & Epston, 1990). Four main categories, characterised by serious intra-, interpersonal, existential and body image concerns were subdivided into seven subcategories, namely: Personal Brokenness, Personal Shame, Perceived Personal Inadequacy and Enslavement, Existential Vacuum, Perceived Social Pressure, Perceived Social Isolation and Body-image Dysfunction. Results were indicative of underestimation of SED-severity, its comprehensive detrimental impact on participants' PWB and high risk for escalation into full-blown eating disorders. It was concluded that the lived experiences of SED depicted the severity of SED-symptoms; descriptions resonated well with most of their pre-programme mean scores; and their risk status and need for contextually and developmentally relevant secondary prevention programmes were highlighted by the findings. / Thesis (Ph.D. (Psychology))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2008.

[Truncated abstract] Background: This thesis examines pharmacotherapy use in the secondary prevention of coronary heart disease. It includes antiplatelet agents, beta-blockers, statins and ACE inhibitors, all shown in landmark clinical trials and meta-analyses to reduce the risk of cardiac events in patients with known coronary disease. Underuse of effective preventive therapies represents a lost opportunity to reduce mortality and morbidity. Overseas studies have shown significant underuse of effective therapies at the time of hospital discharge following an acute event and later in ambulatory care. Australian data on prescribing practices following an acute coronary event and, ongoing use in ambulatory care are sparse. Aims: The aim of this thesis was to quantify the prescription of known effective therapies at the time of hospital discharge following an acute coronary event and ongoing use in ambulatory care. A secondary aim was to identify barriers to optimal secondary prevention thus providing an evidential basis to recommend change. Methods: This was an observational study of a cohort of post-MI patients admitted to a tertiary and affiliate hospital in Perth, Western Australia. The continuum of care from the treatment plan at discharge through to the treatment regimen and risk factor management 12 months post-MI was examined. The intermediate step, communication about the treatment plan with the patient and the primary health care provider was also examined. The study involved a review of hospital medical records and follow-up questionnaires to patients and their general practitioners at 3 and 12 months post-MI. All post-myocardial patients were included in the analysis of prescriptions at discharge. The follow-up study included patients 80 years and younger with no terminal conditions. Patient interviews at 3 months and interviews and focus groups with key hospital staff provided qualitative data to inform the quantitative data.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-07-11T11:40:20Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 4 license.txt: 1748 bytes, checksum: 8a4605be74aa9ea9d79846c1fba20a33 (MD5) 69228.pdf: 1293774 bytes, checksum: e851068f396a317583a7356c6bea56f7 (MD5) 69228.pdf.txt: 194619 bytes, checksum: 68c46f653f29255928eb23ca97cbdad6 (MD5) 69228.pdf.jpg: 1516 bytes, checksum: a197ca4f7ae18a46e54c9386ae2cc942 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009 / Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Fernandes Figueira. Departamento de Ensino. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde da Criança e da Mulher. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil. / O câncer do colo é um problema de saúde pública em todo o mundo, sendo a principal causa de morte por câncer entre mulheres em países em desenvolvimento. A mortalidade por esse câncer é evitável, uma vez que existem tecnologias para o diagnóstico e tratamento de lesões precursoras, permitindo a cura de 100% dos casos na fase inicial. A Organização Mundial de Saúde (OMS) recomenda aos países membros a elaboração de programas de detecção precoce e tratamento de lesões precursoras e do câncer cervical. Esta pesquisa tem como objetivo geral descrever a situação do rastreio de lesões precursoras do câncer de colo uterino nas unidades públicas de saúde no Departamento de Dakar, no Senegal. Os objetivos específicos foram descrever o rastreio de lesões precursoras do câncer do colo uterino, traçar o perfil das mulheres que realizaram o exame preventivo no ano de 2007 e estudar a frequência de lesões precursoras e de carcinoma invasor. Para a descrição das ações de prevenção secundária, foram feitas visitações às unidades públicas e aplicação de um questionário com aspectos relacionados à estrutura e processos dessa assistência. Para traçar o perfil das mulheres e estudar a frequência das lesões, foram analisados 2.005 laudos citopatológicos. No Departamento de Dakar, ações de controle do câncer cervical são desenvolvidas de forma isolada por algumas unidades hospitalares da rede pública, por iniciativa de profissionais especialistas e/ou organizações não governamentais, e se pode dizer que a construção de uma política na área do câncer cérvico-uterino no Senegal é bem incipiente. Ainda são necessários estudos neste país para um conhecimento mais amplo sobre a epidemiologia das patologias do colo uterino e dos fatores sociodemográficos, culturais e econômicos associados. / The cervical cancer is a problem of public health throughout the world and it is the principal cause of deaths among women in developing countries. The mortality from this type of cancer is preventable, once we can rely on technologies for the diagnosis and treatment of precursor lesions, allowing for cure in 100% of cases in an early stage. The World Health Organization has recommended its country members to elaborate programs for early detection and treatment of precursor lesions and cervical cancer. The general aim of this research is to describe the way screening the precursor lesions of cervical cancer is done in the public health units in the Dakar Department in Senegal. The specific aim is to describe the screening of precursor lesions of cervical cancer; draw a profile of the women who underwent the cervical smear in the year 2007; and study the frequency of precursor lesions and invasive carcinoma. In order to describe the procedures of secondary prevention, several visits were made to public health units and a questionnaire containing aspects related to the structure and procedures of this health care was administered. In order to study the women´s profile and the frequency of the lesions, 2005 citopathological reports have been analysed. In the Dakar Department, procedures for cervical cancer control have been developed in an isolated way by some hospital units of public health by initiative of specialized professionals and/or non-governmental organizations and we can say that building up a policy in the area of cervical cancer in Senegal is quite incipient. Further studies are still necessary for a broader knowledge of the epidemiology of cervical pathologies and its related economic, cultural and sociodemographic factors in Senegal.

ABSTRACT This diploma thesis is focused on cardiac fitness and rehabilitation centres. The reason why I have made this choice for my thesis was the fact that despite all recommendations of professional associations dealing with cardiovascular disease issues, adherence to secondary prevention and treatment regimen measures is absolutely poor also in patients who had been given superior and costly care during their acute medical condition. Adherence to secondary prevention guidelines includes treatment regimens and measures to reduce risk factors. Theoretical part of the thesis lists risk factors highly involved in coronary diseases. An integral part in maintaining good physical condition of cardiac clients is residential spa treatment and following care in cardiac fitness and rehabilitation canters. Involvement of nurses in care for patients with coronary diseases would be just in the area of secondary care and regimen measure adherence. Use of their competencies and joining non-medical facilities addressing this issue could improve the gaps in secondary prevention. The goal of this thesis was to map out the patient requirements for cardiac fitness and rehabilitation centers within secondary prevention. To determine the difference in secondary prevention effectiveness between clients visiting cardio clubs and clients living in location without any cardio club. Another goal was to research the connectivity of cardiac clients in the follow-up care after their discharge from ward departments and possibilities of cardio clubs and in cardio club management, to find out the possibility to involve a nurse in cardiac client care. Qualitative research with semi-structured interviews and quantitative research relied on a questionnaire have been used in this study. Research group consisted of healthcare professionals and cardiac patients. Goals of the thesis have been met, research questions answered and hypotheses confirmed. The results can be served as a base for establishment of other cardiac fitness and rehabilitation centers and involvement of nurses. Output of this thesis is an encouragement for general nurses and can be used in risk factors of coronary diseases.

Introdução: apesar das recomendações de todas as diretrizes sobre a doença arterial coronária e das evidências científicas de que o tratamento medicamentoso otimizado acrescido de intervenção sobre os fatores de risco e a melhoria do estilo de vida reduzem eventos cardiovasculares fatais não-fatais, essa terapêutica de prevenção secundária continua a ser subutilizada na prática clínica. Objetivos: Primário: demonstrar que a utilização de um programa de otimização da prática clínica em pacientes com doença arterial coronária estável aumenta a prescrição de medicamentos comprovadamente eficazes na prevenção secundária desta doença. Secundários: a) documentar a prática clínica vigente em termos de terapia medicamentosa e de medidas para a mudança do estilo de vida b) identificar as ferramentas utilizadas na estratégia para a otimização da prática clínica quanto à eficácia e aderência à medicação prescrita. Métodos: trata-se de um estudo de corte transversal para documentar a prática clínica vigente, seguido de componente longitudinal em que a utilização das ferramentas para a otimização da prática clínica foi avaliada por meio de novo corte transversal, com nova coleta de dados. Foram identificados retrospectivamente através dos prontuários, 710 pacientes consecutivos portadores de doença arterial coronária (Fase 1). Após a aplicação das ferramentas, foram incluídos 705 pacientes consecutivos atendidos no serviço com a coleta dos mesmos dados, para a análise comparativa. Além disso, foram selecionados do primeiro grupo, de forma aleatória, 318 prontuários de seis a doze meses após a primeira avaliação, para a coleta dos mesmos dados, que foram comparados com as informações iniciais destes mesmos pacientes. (Fase 3). Resultados: comparação entre Fase 1 e Fase 2: as características demográficas eram comparáveis entre os dois grupos. Quanto aos fatores de risco, houve melhora com diferença significativa para o tabagismo (p=0,019), dislipidemia (p<0,001) hipertensão arterial e atividade física regular (p<0,001). Quanto aos exames laboratoriais, não houve diferença estatisticamente significativa entre as duas populações. Comparando a prescrição dos fármacos recomendados, houve diferença significativa para IECA (67,2% versus 56,8%, p<0,001); ARA II (25,4% versus 32,9%, p=0,002) e betabloqueador (88,7% versus 91,9%, p=0,047). Comparação entre Fase 1 e Fase 3: os dados demográficos foram semelhantes, assim como as características clínicas, com exceção da doença arterial periférica obstrutiva: 31 pacientes (9,7%) e 42 (13,3%), p=0,007. Em relação aos fatores de risco, consideramos apenas os modificáveis tabagismo e atividade física. Para o tabagismo, considerando três categorias (nunca, ex-fumante e atual), não houve diferença significativa entre as duas fases. Para a atividade física, a proporção de pacientes sem informação para esta variável era elevada, 83,9% na primeira fase e 72,8% na terceira fase, dificultando a análise estatística. Quanto às medidas de exame físico, houve redução significativa do peso, p=0,044, pressão arterial sistólica e diastólica, p<0,001. Os exames laboratoriais não mostraram diferenças significativas entre as duas fases. Em relação à prescrição de medicamentos recomendados, houve diferença para IECA (64,8% versus 61,6%, p=0,011) e ARA II (27,0% versus 31,3%, p=0,035). Conclusão: com base nos resultados obtidos, o presente estudo permite concluir: não houve mudança significativa na utilização de medicamentos comprovadamente eficazes na prevenção secundária da DAC entre o período pré- e pós-intervenção; houve melhora significativa em relação ao tabagismo e atividade física na Fase 2; melhora substancial nos níveis de pressão arterial, tanto sistólica como diastólica na comparação tanto entre a Fase 1 e 2 como entre a Fase 1 e 3; a inclusão de enfermeiro treinado para gerenciar o processo é fundamental para a eficácia do programa; programas abrangentes de melhoria de qualidade assistencial em hospitais terciários e acadêmicos, provavelmente devem ser continuados por período de seguimento superior a um ano. / Background: despite guidelines recommendations on coronary artery disease treatment and scientific evidence confirming that optimal medical therapy added to risk factors and lifestyle management, reduce both fatal and non-fatal cardiovascular events, these secondary prevention strategies have been underutilized in clinical practice. Objectives: Primary: to demonstrate the utilization of a clinical improvement program in stable coronary artery disease patients would increase the evidence-proved treatment prescription in secondary prevention. Secondaries: a) to describe the ongoing clinical practice on medical therapy and lifestyle change counseling b) to identify tools to be utilized in the strategy to improve clinical practice, assessing efficacy and adherence to prescribed treatment. Methods: cross-sectional study to describe the ongoing clinical practice, followed by a longitudinal component in which the tools utilization to improve clinical practice was assessed by means of additional crosssectional data collection. 710 consecutive coronary artery disease patients were included after chart review following eligibility criteria (Phase 1). After tools implementation, within 6-month period, 705 patients were included (Phase 2) for comparative analysis. Randomly, 318 patients from Phase 1 were selected, 6-12 months after the first evaluation (Phase 3). Results: Phase 1 to Phase 2 comparison: demography was comparable. Concerning to risk factors, there were improvement on smoking (p=0,019), dyslipidemia (p<0,001), hypertension and physical activity (p<0,001). There were no statistical significant differences on laboratory results. By comparing the proven pharmacological treatment prescription, there was significant difference on ACEI (67,2% versus 56,8%, p<0,001); ARB II (25,4% versus 32,9%, p=0,002) and beta-blocker (88,7% versus 91,9%, p=0,047). Phase 1 to Phase 3 comparison: demography was comparable, as well as clinical characteristics, except peripheral artery disease: 31 patients (9,7%) and 42 (13,3%), p=0,007. Regarding risk factors, smoking and physical activity were considered. There was no significant difference on smoking rates taking into account three categories (never, ex-smoker and smoker). The proportion of patients without available data for physical activity was high, 83,9% (Phase 1) and 72,8% (Phase 3), making the data analysis not appropriated. Anthropometric measurement showed significant on weight reduction, p=0,044, both systolic and diastolic blood pressure, p<0,001. Laboratory results did not show significant differences. There was statistical significant difference on ACEI (64,8% versus 61,6%, p=0,011) and ARB II (27,0% versus 31,3%, p=0,035). Conclusion: based upon study results the following might be concluded: there was no significant change on the evidence-based pharmacological treatment utilization on secondary prevention coronary artery disease patients between pre and post-intervention Phases; there was significant improvement concerning smoking and physical activity in Phase 2; substantial improvement on blood pressure levels, both systolic and diastolic in both comparisons (Phase 1 to 2 and Phase 1 to 3); the inclusion of a case-manager for the process management is crucial for program efficacy; comprehensive programs for clinical practice improvement in tertiary academic hospitals should be pursued for longer follow-up period.

Introdução: A morbi-mortalidade por DCV representa relevante problema de saúde pública da atualidade. Os mecanismos envolvidos na aterogênese envolvem a inflamação e resistência à insulina. Diante das evidências de que hábitos saudáveis são capazes reduzir eventos cardiovasculares e da baixa adesão à dieta saudável, foi elaborada a Dieta Cardioprotetora Brasileira DICA-Br, utilizando conceitos de densidade energética e de nutrientes para auxiliar a orientação dietética. Objetivo: Comparar os efeitos da DICA-Br com a orientação alimentar habitual do sistema de saúde pública quanto a fatores de risco tradicionais, biomarcadores circulantes de aterogênese e índice de resistência à insulina em sub-amostra do estudo matriz. A amostra incluiu 212 adultos que apresentaram prévio evento cardiovascular, alocados aleatoriamente para o grupo DICA-Br ou Controle (orientações alimentares habitualmente usadas no SUS). A DICA-Br diferencia-se pelo fato de incluir alimentos brasileiros e pela estratégia educacional. No basal e após 6 meses das intervenções foram obtidos dados clínicos e as concentrações de glicose de jejum, insulina, perfil lipídico, PCR, MCP-1,VCAM-1, ICAM-1 e selectina-E, comparados por testes t de Student ou equivalentes não paramétricos.Resultados: Os grupos DICA-Br e Controle apresentaram resultados similares após as intervenção, respectivamente quanto às reduções de peso (76,6±13,9 para 75,1±14,0 e75,5±13,1 para 74,4±13,2 kg; p<0,001), circunferência da cintura (100,0±11,1 para 98,1±12,0 e 99,3±10,4 para 98,2±10,2 cm; p<0,05), pressão arterial sistólica (132±22 para 125±17 e 133±21 para 124±18 mmHg; p<0,05) e diastólica (79±10 para 73±10 e 77±13 para 71±11 mmHg; p<0,05). As ingestões de energia total, gordura total e saturada também reduziram significantemente, porém sem correlação com medidas antropométricas. As intervenções não induziram mudanças em variáveis bioquímicas, de adesão celular e inflamação e HOMA-IR e tiveram comportamentos semelhantes quanto a estas variáveis. Conclusões: DICA-Br e orientação alimentar habitual induzem efeitos similares sobre fatores de risco cardiovasculares tradicionais, biomarcadores de aterogênese e resistência à insulina. Desconhece-se se a DICA-Br poderá ser estratégia de educação alimentar alternativa às orientações dietéticas padrão a ser empregada no sistema público de saúde, capaz de reduzir a adiposidade corporal de indivíduos de alto risco. / Background: Nowadays, morbidity and mortality due to CVD represent relevant public health problem. The mechanisms of atherogenesis involve inflammation and insulin resistance. Considering that healthy habits are able to reduce cardiovascular events and the low compliance to healthy diet, the Brazilian Cardioprotective Diet DICA-Br was proposed using concept of energy and nutrients density to help dietary guidance. Objective: To compare the effects of DICA-Br with the usual food orientation delivered by the public health system to traditional risk factors, circulating biomarkers of atherogenesis and insulin resistance index, in sub-study sample of the main study. The sample consisted of 212 adults with overt atherosclerosis, randomly allocated to the DICA-Br or Control group (usual dietary guidelines used in SUS). The differential of DICA-Br is that it includes Brazilian foods and the innovative educational strategy. At baseline and after 6 months of interventions, clinical data and fasting glucose, insulin, lipids, CRP, MCP-1, VCAM-1, ICAM-1 and E-selectin concentrations were obtained and compared by Student t test or the non-parametric correspondent ones. Results: DICA-Br and Control group showed similar results after 6 months of intervention concerning respectively, weight loss(76.6±13.9 to 75.1±14.0 and 75.5±13.1 to 74.4±13.2 kg; p<0.001), waist circumference (100.0±11.1 to 98.1±12.0 and 99.3±10.4 and 98.2±10.2 cm; p<0.05), systolic (132±22 to 125±17 and 133±21 to 124±18 mmHg, p<0.05) and diastolic blood pressure (79±10 to 73±10 and ± 77±13 to 71±11 mmHg, p<0.05). Total energy, total fat and saturated fat intakes also reduced significantly, but no correlation was found with anthropometric measurements. The interventions did not induce changes in metabolic variables, cell adhesion molecules and inflammation biomarkers and HOMA-IR and both showed similar results regarding these variables. Conclusion: The DICA-Br and usual food counseling induce similar effects on traditional cardiovascular risk factors, biomarkers of atherogenesis and insulin resistance. It is unknown whether the DICA-Br will be an alternative approach for dietary education to the standard strategy to be employed in the public health system, able to reduce the body fat in high-risk individuals.