Au Burkina Faso, le taux populationnel de césariennes reste encore faible (2% en 2012). Cependant, depuis l’exemption partielle (80%) pour les familles du paiement à l’acte en 2006, et la mise à disposition de médecins généralistes, sages-femmes et infirmiers formés à la pratique des césariennes dans les hôpitaux les plus reculés, on observe une augmentation constante des taux de césariennes dans les établissements de santé et il est difficile de savoir si toutes ces interventions sont réellement utiles. L’objectif principal de cette thèse est d’identifier les déterminants d’une césarienne de qualité en Afrique de l’Ouest pour orienter les politiques de santé reproductive dans les pays concernés. Les résultats des travaux menés dans le cadre de cette thèse montrent que le niveau de qualification du personnel de santé travaillant dans les hôpitaux du Burkina Faso et son expérience professionnelle déterminent globalement son niveau de connaissance en matière de gestion du travail et de l’accouchement compliqué. De plus, une supervision régulière de son travail semble améliorer sa performance. Le niveau de qualification du personnel de santé au Burkina Faso influence également la pratique de césariennes non médicalement justifiées. Mais l’environnement social joue aussi un rôle dans cette pratique abusive. Les résultats de cette recherche montrent enfin que la pratique systématique d’une césarienne après une césarienne antérieure n’est pas justifiée dans ce contexte. Les résultats de cette thèse ont permis de développer et de mettre en œuvre un essai d’intervention visant à réduire des césariennes sans raison médicale en Afrique de l’ouest. / In Burkina Faso, the national caesarean section rate is still low (2% in 2012). However, since the introduction of caesarean user fee exemption in 2006 and the availability of trained staff to perform a caesarean section in the most remote hospitals, the institutional caesareans rates have risen steadily and it is unclear whether all of these interventions are necessary. The main objective of this thesis is to identify the determinants of an optimal practice of caesarean section in three western African countries that favour access to caesarean section. The results of the work carried out in the framework of this thesis show that the level of qualification of the health personnel working in Burkina Faso hospitals and his professional experience determine globally his level of knowledge in the management of labor and complicated childbirth. . In addition, regular supervision of his work by daily review of clinical records (partograms) seems to improve his performance. The level of qualification of health personnel in Burkina Faso also influences the practice of non-medically justified caesareans. But the social environment also plays a role in this abusive practice. The results of this research show that the systematic practice of cesarean section after an anterior caesarean section is not justified in this context. The results of this thesis led to the development and implementation of a multi-faceted intervention trial aimed at reducing caesareans without medical reason in West Africa.

Devido à crescente demanda por perfis formados a frio destinados à fabricação de estruturas de aço no Brasil, aliada a desatualização da norma brasileira NB-143:1967, fez-se necessário a publicação de uma nova norma brasileira de \'Dimensionamento de Estruturas de Aço Constituídas por Perfis Formados a Frio\' a NBR14762:2001. Essa apresenta, para o dimensionamento das ligações, expressões adaptadas da norma norte-americana AISI:1996. As adaptações foram inseridas com o intuito de simplificar o cálculo e foram determinadas apenas por ajustes teóricos, faltando, portanto uma investigação mais criteriosa. Deste modo tornou-se prioritário o estudo das ligações em chapas e perfis com pequena espessura, para avaliação destas expressões propostas. Neste âmbito analisou-se neste trabalho o comportamento estrutural de ligações parafusadas em chapas e perfis formados a frio de pequena espessura, mediante análise teórica e experimental de corpos-de-prova, os quais foram definidos de maneira a se obter os diversos modos de falha, em especial a ruptura da seção líquida. Com os resultados experimentais pôde-se sugerir modificações nas expressões do coeficiente redutor da área líquida Ct, aplicado na avaliação da resistência ao estado limite de ruptura da seção líquida efetiva. Com os resultados desta pesquisa, espera-se colaborar com futuras edições da norma brasileira, fornecendo subsídios em suas futuras revisões. / The growing demand for cold-formed steel members of steel structures in Brazil, allied to the obsolescence of the brazilian NB-143:1967 standard, led to the need for a new brazilian code for the \'Design of Cold-formed Steel Structural Members\', the NBR14762:2001 standard. This new standard contains expressions adapted from the american AISI:1996 code for the design of connections. The adaptations were included with the purpose of simplifying the calculation and were determined merely for theoretical adjustments; hence, they lack a more careful investigation. It has thus become a matter of priority to study the connections in thin sheets and cold-formed members to evaluate the proposed expressions. The work reported on here therefore analyzed the structural behavior of bolted connections in thin sheets and cold-formed members based on theoretical and experimental analyses of test specimens, which were defined in order to obtain the various failure modes, particularly on sheet tearing in the net section. Based on the experimental results, suggestions are made for modifications in the expressions of the reduction coefficient of the net area Ct, applied in evaluations of the tensile strength of the effective net section. It is expected that the results of this research will contribute to future editions of the new brazilian code, supplying inputs for use in future revisions.

Determination of rheological phenomenon is very difficult, because there are many unknown inputs parameters, e.g. concrete age, the size of elements, relative humidity of the surrounding environment, cement hydration rate, temperature influence, type of strain and treatment. This Ph.D. thesis deals with the effective cross-section thickness and its effect on the behaviour of concrete constructions that is how the rheological phenomena change in time as a result of the application or removal of insulation layer from the concrete surface. Long-term experimental measurements of specimens and real bridge constructions were performed. The data collected from these measurements were described, evaluated and mathematical modifications for the standards Model Code 2010 and Model B4 (B3) have been proposed. Using these new computational formulas is possible to take into consideration the changes in the effective cross-section thickness and therefore make the computational models for concrete structures more accurate.

My master's thesis aims to design a bridge construction spanning road III/443 over road I/44. Three versions were created one of which has been developed further. It is a three span bridge with a total spread of 77.5 meters. Proposal and evaluation of bridge construction is done unassisted. Static analysis is done using Scia Engineer program. Construcion evaluation is done by valid EU norms ČSN EN 1992-1-1. Mechanical drawing, building procedure and visualisation is also included.

Diploma thesis contains a design of steel load-bearing structure of a hangar placed in Brno-Medlánky. The ground dimensions are 40.0×44.0 m, the height of the building is 10.0 m. Two preliminary variants of the design solution were processed; main difference is the shape of the truss girder. Both variants were assessed for a combination of seventeen load cases. The comparison of the variants led to the selection of the final variant, which was assessed in detail. The girder truss in this variant is an arched truss, the height of the truss is 1.5 m, the individual elements are made of square hollow sections. A detailed static calculation was performed including the calculation of joints, drawing documentation and technical report. The main construction material is S235JR steel.

This paper deals with the description of the surface texture measurement methods, describes the devices by which the surface texture can be recorded and describes the parameters that allow the surface texture to be quantified. The practical part deals with the evaluation and comparison of the parameters of metric threads M10 made by cutting and forming by analysis of their cross-sections, then the attention is focused on the analysis of pressure forces and torques which occur during the manufacture and in the last part of the thesis there is an economic evaluation of the cost of manufacturing one piece of cut thread.

This diploma thesis presents safety inspection in selected localities in the Moravian-Silesian Region. Ten sections and ten intersections from rural area were selected for an accident rate analysis at first. These locations were compared on the basis of accident rate analysis and accident indicators. After that, were selected three sections and three intersections for a safety inspection. The safety inspection included a visual inspection and risk identification. For all identified risks were proposed a possible solutions.

This master’s thesis was prepared as an architectural study on the topic of Childern's sanatorium Ostrov u Macochy. It proposes design of a new children’s treatment centre that uses the nearby Císařská Cave for speleotherapeutic treatment. The municipality of Ostrov u Macochyis in the district of Blansko. The new building is located on the outskirts of the village surrounded by the nature of the protected area CHKO Moravský kras, the terrain is sloping and oriented to the south. These are the main attributes that the object uses and adapts to.The treatment centre operates in a single building with two main floors. The ground floor has space for commercial use, entrance hall, medical, rehabilitation and administrative part, kitchen and facilities for speleotherapy and operation of the treatment centre. The first floor is dedicated to children. One half of the first floor consists of playing areas and rooms for accommodated children and separate rooms for children accommodated with their parents. In the second half of the first floor there is an elementary school with three classrooms, a dining room and a caretaker's apartment. Thanks to the terrain, it is possible to enter the atrium and the garden with sports grounds from the entire first floor. This creates a connection between the interior and surrounding nature. The construction system of the building is mostly brick, supplemented by reinforced concrete columns, sprayed forms of prestressed ceiling slabs, the roof is flat green. The main idea of the urban solution is to create serious looking building connected with nature, which will respect the sloping terrain and the surrounding buildings. The architectural solution is based on a simple cubic U-shaped form, partially embedded in the terrain. The mass forms the atrium. The dominant feature of the facade are coloured shielding slats, which prevent the building from overheating. These slats also appear elsewhere on the facade and children can play

The diploma thesis deals with measurement of former Peklo inn in Tišnov and creates a documentation of its building. Measurement is connected to the binding reference system – the S-JTSK coordinate sytem and Baltic Vertical Datum Bpv. The thesis countains a description of the place of interest and history of the building, preparatory work, choice of instruments and tools. In the next part measurement, processed of recorded data, requirements of creating documentation of the ground plan and vertical section, testing results of the work, are described. The thesis countains ground plan of the cellar, ground plan of the second floor and the vertical section of the building in scale of 1:50. Outcomes of thesis will serve as documentation of the current conditions of the building.

Nowadays there is research into molten salt reactors. The use of chlorine-based salts, which would be more available than known fluoride salts, is envisaged. The subject of research is not only the chemical and physical properties of chloride salts, but also their behavior in the neutron field and the influence of neutron balance inside the reactor. Many properties can also be determined using calculations that draw information from scientific nuclear libraries (endf). The purpose of this work is to compare important nuclear libraries with each other, and also to compare the reaction rates calculated from the library data with the reaction rates obtained by self-measurement. The preview will include a description of the necessary activities associated with the preparation of measurements, instructions for compiling the computer program NJOY and the process of the measurement itself. At the end of the work will be summarized the results and statements of which nuclear library is the closest in its values to the results of experiments.