Os brinquedos são uma parte essencial de nossa cultura e têm evoluído ao longo do tempo. Atualmente, encontramos no mercado brinquedos dotados de circuitos eletrônicos e sensores, capazes de coletar dados do ambiente e informações pessoais dos usuários. Além disso, eles podem se conectar automaticamente a redes de comunicação por meio de protocolos de rede sem fio para acessar serviços móveis com o objetivo de personalizar a experiência de jogo para cada usuário. Conhecidos como brinquedos inteligentes, estes fazem parte de um ambiente denominado de computação para brinquedos, composto pelo brinquedo físico, um dispositivo móvel, que pode ser um tablet ou smartphone, e um aplicativo móvel (app), que pode controlar o brinquedo físico e compartilhar informações com serviços móveis. Esse novo tipo de brinquedo, que pertence a um novo tipo de ambiente e que também carrega características da Internet das Coisas, traz consigo questões relacionadas à segurança da informação que não existiam nos brinquedos convencionais. Essas questões, portanto, devem ser tratadas de forma a evitar prejuízos aos usuários dessa tecnologia. Para isso, o presente trabalho apresenta vinte e dois (22) requisitos de segurança gerais identificados por meio da utilização do processo Security Development Lifecycle (SDL) da Microsoft e da técnica de modelagem de ameaças suportada pelo modelo de ameaça STRIDE (Spoofing identity, Tampering with data, Repudiation, Information disclosure, Denial of service e Elevation of privilege). Os requisitos apresentados endereçam questões de segurança que os brinquedos inteligentes devem atender para evitar as principais ameaças existentes. As questões de segurança consideradas foram extraídas da Childrens Online Privacy Protection Act (COPPA), General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) e Personal Information Protection and Eletronic Documents Act (PIPEDA). Além dos requisitos de segurança, um conjunto de testes de segurança gerais foram identificados com base no processo SDL para verificar o adequado atendimento a esses requisitos. Uma análise dos brinquedos inteligentes atualmente disponíveis no mercado e suas falhas de segurança relatadas publicamente dão indícios da importância de atender aos requisitos de segurança e executar os testes propostos neste trabalho para evitar problemas de segurança variados / Toys are an essential part of our culture, and they have evolved over time. Currently, we can find in the market toys equipped with electronic circuits and sensors able to collect environmental and personal data from users. They are also able to automatically connect to communication networks through wireless network protocols in order to access mobile services aiming at customizing the gaming experience for each user. Known as smart toys, these are part of a so-called toy computing environment, consisting of a physical toy, a mobile device, which can be a tablet or smartphone, and a mobile app, which can control the physical toy and share information with mobile services. This new type of toy, which belongs to a new type of environment and also present characteristics of the Internet of Things, raises issues regarding information security which did not exist in conventional toys. Such issues, hence, should be treated in a way to avoid losses to the users of this technology. Accordingly, this research project presents twenty two (22) general security requirements identified following the Microsoft Security Development Lifecycle (SDL) and the threat modeling supported by the threat model STRIDE (Spoofing identity, Tampering with data, Repudiation, Information disclosure, Denial of service e Elevation of privilege). These requirements address security issues that smart toys should meet to avoid the main existent threats. All considered issues were extracted from the Childrens Online Privacy Protection Act (COPPA), General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) and Personal Information Protection and Electronic Documents Act (PIPEDA). Furthermore, we have also identified a general set of security tests based on the SDL process to check whether the identified security requirements have been met. A further analysis of the smart toys currently available in the market and their publicly related security flaws give evidence of the importance of meeting the proposed security requirements and executing the proposed security tests to avoid several security problems

Os brinquedos são uma parte essencial de nossa cultura e têm evoluído ao longo do tempo. Atualmente, encontramos no mercado brinquedos dotados de circuitos eletrônicos e sensores, capazes de coletar dados do ambiente e informações pessoais dos usuários. Além disso, eles podem se conectar automaticamente a redes de comunicação por meio de protocolos de rede sem fio para acessar serviços móveis com o objetivo de personalizar a experiência de jogo para cada usuário. Conhecidos como brinquedos inteligentes, estes fazem parte de um ambiente denominado de computação para brinquedos, composto pelo brinquedo físico, um dispositivo móvel, que pode ser um tablet ou smartphone, e um aplicativo móvel (app), que pode controlar o brinquedo físico e compartilhar informações com serviços móveis. Esse novo tipo de brinquedo, que pertence a um novo tipo de ambiente e que também carrega características da Internet das Coisas, traz consigo questões relacionadas à segurança da informação que não existiam nos brinquedos convencionais. Essas questões, portanto, devem ser tratadas de forma a evitar prejuízos aos usuários dessa tecnologia. Para isso, o presente trabalho apresenta vinte e dois (22) requisitos de segurança gerais identificados por meio da utilização do processo Security Development Lifecycle (SDL) da Microsoft e da técnica de modelagem de ameaças suportada pelo modelo de ameaça STRIDE (Spoofing identity, Tampering with data, Repudiation, Information disclosure, Denial of service e Elevation of privilege). Os requisitos apresentados endereçam questões de segurança que os brinquedos inteligentes devem atender para evitar as principais ameaças existentes. As questões de segurança consideradas foram extraídas da Childrens Online Privacy Protection Act (COPPA), General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) e Personal Information Protection and Eletronic Documents Act (PIPEDA). Além dos requisitos de segurança, um conjunto de testes de segurança gerais foram identificados com base no processo SDL para verificar o adequado atendimento a esses requisitos. Uma análise dos brinquedos inteligentes atualmente disponíveis no mercado e suas falhas de segurança relatadas publicamente dão indícios da importância de atender aos requisitos de segurança e executar os testes propostos neste trabalho para evitar problemas de segurança variados / Toys are an essential part of our culture, and they have evolved over time. Currently, we can find in the market toys equipped with electronic circuits and sensors able to collect environmental and personal data from users. They are also able to automatically connect to communication networks through wireless network protocols in order to access mobile services aiming at customizing the gaming experience for each user. Known as smart toys, these are part of a so-called toy computing environment, consisting of a physical toy, a mobile device, which can be a tablet or smartphone, and a mobile app, which can control the physical toy and share information with mobile services. This new type of toy, which belongs to a new type of environment and also present characteristics of the Internet of Things, raises issues regarding information security which did not exist in conventional toys. Such issues, hence, should be treated in a way to avoid losses to the users of this technology. Accordingly, this research project presents twenty two (22) general security requirements identified following the Microsoft Security Development Lifecycle (SDL) and the threat modeling supported by the threat model STRIDE (Spoofing identity, Tampering with data, Repudiation, Information disclosure, Denial of service e Elevation of privilege). These requirements address security issues that smart toys should meet to avoid the main existent threats. All considered issues were extracted from the Childrens Online Privacy Protection Act (COPPA), General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) and Personal Information Protection and Electronic Documents Act (PIPEDA). Furthermore, we have also identified a general set of security tests based on the SDL process to check whether the identified security requirements have been met. A further analysis of the smart toys currently available in the market and their publicly related security flaws give evidence of the importance of meeting the proposed security requirements and executing the proposed security tests to avoid several security problems

Submitted by Cláudia Bueno (claudiamoura18@gmail.com) on 2016-01-29T14:17:13Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Inael Rodrigues de Oliveira Neto - 2015.pdf: 3158226 bytes, checksum: 9d8ebb3f5b3305532b92d7e59da8184e (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Luciana Ferreira (lucgeral@gmail.com) on 2016-02-01T11:48:51Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Inael Rodrigues de Oliveira Neto - 2015.pdf: 3158226 bytes, checksum: 9d8ebb3f5b3305532b92d7e59da8184e (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-02-01T11:48:51Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Inael Rodrigues de Oliveira Neto - 2015.pdf: 3158226 bytes, checksum: 9d8ebb3f5b3305532b92d7e59da8184e (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-10-14 / The Internet of Things (IoT) connects the Internet all kinds of “things” or “smart objects” such as devices, sensors, actuators, mobile phones, home appliances, cars and even furniture. IIoT is characterized by the ubiquity and dynamism of its environment and connected objects. Thus, the environment of the IoT is highly volatile and heterogeneous as it counts with the presence of different objects able to interact and to cooperate with each other over the Internet. While Smart Objects become more ubiquitous, there is growing uncertainty about the environment, which contributes to a greater appearance of security threats not foreseen in the design phase. This thesis presents a solution that aims to ensure flexibility by allowing the safety requirements to be changed at runtime by the user, systematically reflecting these changes to the security settings for objects connected to the IoT. Therefore, this work presents an architecture of middleware and implementation of an algorithm for assessment requirements and security reconfiguration as well as its evaluation. In addition, this work presents a domain-specific modeling language using models@runtime for specifying the user’s security requirements. About the contributions of this work, we can mention the proposed architecture of middleware, a requirements synthesis algorithm for reconfiguration of security at runtime, a security requirement modeling language, the application of models@runtime approach for reconfiguration of security and the construction of a metamodel for capturing application security aspects running on devices in the IoT. / A Internet das Coisas (IoT) conecta na Internet todo tipo de coisas ou objetos inteligentes, tais como dispositivos, sensores, atuadores, telefones celulares, eletrodomésticos, carros e até mesmo móveis. Ela caracteriza-se pela ubiquidade e dinamismo do seu ambiente e objetos conectados. Com isso, o ambiente da IoT é altamente volátil e heterogêneo, pois ele conta com a presença de diferentes objetos capazes de interagir e cooperar uns com os outros através da Internet. Ao passo que objetos inteligentes se tornam mais ubíquos, há uma crescente incerteza sobre o ambiente, o que contribui com um maior surgimento de ameaças de segurança não previstas na fase de projeto. Esta dissertação apresenta uma solução que objetiva garantir flexibilidade nos requisitos de segurança para serem alterados pelo usuário em tempo de execução e refletir sistematicamente sobre essas mudanças nas configurações de segurança em objetos conectados na IoT. Para isso, este trabalho apresenta uma arquitetura de middleware e a implementação de um algoritmo para avaliação de requisitos e reconfiguração da segurança. Além disso, este trabalho apresenta uma linguagem de modelagem de domínio específico usando models@ runtime para especificação dos requisitos de segurança do usuário. Entre as contribuições deste trabalho, podemos citar a proposta de arquitetura de middleware, um algoritmo de síntese de requisitos para reconfiguração da segurança em tempo de execução, a linguagem de modelagem de requisitos de segurança, a aplicação da abordagem de modelos em tempo de execução para reconfiguração da segurança e a construção de um metamodelo que captura de aspectos de segurança de aplicações executando em dispositivos na IoT.

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L'ingénierie des systèmes ou Génie Logiciel est une approche interdisciplinaire, dont le but est de formaliser la conception et le développement des systèmes. Cette approche commence par la définition des besoins, puis se poursuit avec la conception, l'implémentation et la validation du système. Historiquement, les systèmes ont été isolés et souvent basés sur des technologies propriétaires. De nos jours les systèmes informatiques s'interconnectent, s'ouvrent vers Internet, et s'appuient de plus en plus sur des technologies standards en favorisant l'inter-opérabilité. A côté d'apports indéniables, ces changements génèrent cependant de nouveaux risques de malveillance informatique. Pour y faire face, la sécurité informatique s'est fortement développée en permettant de mettre en place des contre-mesures plus ou moins fiables. Cette thèse se situe à la croisée de l'ingénierie des systèmes et de la sécurité. Elle vise à proposer une approche qui intègre ces deux domaines de manière collaborative et complémentaire. Même si ces deux domaines sont très liés l'un à l'autre, il existe relativement peu d'approches qui intègrent les aspects sécurité au processus d'ingénierie logicielle, et encore moins celles qui la considèrent dès la phase d'ingénierie des besoins, et/ou permettent l'évaluation de la politique de sécurité à un haut niveau d'abstraction. Cette thèse apporte une contribution dans ce domaine. Par conséquent, dans cette thèse nous proposons une approche basée sur l'IDM (Ingénierie Dirigée par les Modèles) et MDA (Model-Driven Architecture) qui intègre l’ingénierie des systèmes et la sécurité en utilisant les modèles. Cette approche permet d’identifier, de concevoir et d’évaluer des aspects de sécurité dans les différentes étapes de l'ingénierie des systèmes afin d'obtenir des systèmes sécurisés. / Software engineering is an interdisciplinary approach aiming to formalize the development of systems. This approach begins with defining system requirements and then continues with defining the design, implementation and validation of systems. Historically, systems were isolated and often based on proprietary technologies. Todays, computer systems are interconnected using Internet and standard technologies by promoting interoperability. In spite of undeniable contributions, these changes engender new risks of computer vulnerabilities/attacks. To cope with these risks, information security has improved to implement more or less reliable counter-measures. This thesis is situated at the intersection/crossroads of the software engineering and the information security. It aims to propose an approach that integrates these two fields in a collaborative and complementary manner. Although both fields are closely related, there are few approaches that integrate security aspects into software engineering process, much less from engineering requirements, which allow the assessment of security policies from a high level of abstraction. Hence, this thesis makes a contribution in this area. Therefore, in this thesis, we propose an approach based on MDE (Model-Driven Engineering) and MDA (Model Driven Architecture) which integrates software engineering and information security using models. This approach allows to identify, to design and to assess security aspects in the stages of the system development in order to obtain secure systems.

Tendering is a method for entering into a sales contract. Numerous electronic tendering systems have been established with the intent of improving the efficiency of the tendering process. Although providing adequate security services is a desired feature in an e-tendering system, current e-tendering systems are usually designed with little consideration of security and legal compliance. This research focuses on designing secure protocols for e-tendering systems. It involves developing methodologies for establishing security requirements, constructing security protocols and using formal methods in protocol security verification. The implication is that it may prove suitable for developing secure protocols in other electronic business domains. In depth investigations are conducted into a range of issues in relation to establishing generic security requirements for e-tendering systems. The outcomes are presented in a form of basic and advanced security requirements for e-tendering process. This analysis shows that advanced security services are required to secure e-tender negotiation integrity and the submission process. Two generic issues discovered in the course of this research, functional difference and functional limitations, are fundamental in constructing secure protocols for tender negotiation and submission processes. Functional difference identification derives advanced security requirements. Functional limitation assessment defines how the logic of generic security mechanisms should be constructed. These principles form a proactive analysis applied prior to the construction of security protocols. Security protocols have been successfully constructed using generic cryptographic security mechanisms. These protocols are secure e-tender negotiation integrity protocol suite, and secure e-tender submission protocols. Their security has been verified progressively during the design. Verification results show that protocols are secure against common threat scenarios. The primary contribution of this stage are the procedures developed for the complex e-business protocol analysis using formal methods. The research shows that proactive analysis has made this formal security verification possible and practical for complex protocols. These primary outcomes have raised awareness of security issues in e-tendering. The security solutions proposed in the protocol format are the first in e-tendering with verifiable security against common threat scenarios, and which are also practical for implementation. The procedures developed for securing the e-tendering process are generic and can be applied to other business domains. The study has made improvements in: establishing adequate security for a business process; applying proactive analysis prior to secure protocol construction; and verifying security of complex e-business protocols using tool aided formal methods.