The Swedish state has participated as an elected member of the United Nations Security Council three times and is entering their fourth. The UNSC is an old institution that is not equal to what powers the states within it has. The permanent states, the victors from the second world war, have a more prominent role in the council and do not have to be elected every two years as the other states that want to be a part of the council. The cost of for small states like Sweden to be a part of the council can be quite large, but in financial means and as a time-consuming task for the foreign department. Therefore, it is essential to know if the time spent in the council for a state like Sweden amounts to something in the sense of influence over the outcome. This bears the question if Sweden has used and is using its membership in the UNSC in an effective manner. By looking at the official documentation by the foreign department and interviewing former diplomats about Sweden’s role in the UNSC during these periods this thesis analyses the way that Sweden has acted before. Furthermore, the thesis also looks at the first five weeks in the current period of 2017. The results are analyzed through a theoretical framework of what should be methods to achieve influence in the UNSC. As the analysis shows, Sweden has moved from being a more passive participant to a more active and proactive part of the UNSC. This, however, can come at the cost of changing other states view of the Swedish state in international relations.

Submitted by VITOR LOUREIRO SION null (vitorlsion@gmail.com) on 2016-06-21T15:09:24Z No. of bitstreams: 1 vitorsiondissertacaofinal2.pdf: 2161542 bytes, checksum: a10dcf0816f17ad7d51f3d2e5a48d39c (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Ana Paula Grisoto (grisotoana@reitoria.unesp.br) on 2016-06-23T16:25:48Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 sion_vl_me_mar.pdf: 2161542 bytes, checksum: a10dcf0816f17ad7d51f3d2e5a48d39c (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-23T16:25:48Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 sion_vl_me_mar.pdf: 2161542 bytes, checksum: a10dcf0816f17ad7d51f3d2e5a48d39c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-05-31 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / O trabalho analisa a política externa do governo de Humberto de Alencar Castello Branco (1964-1967). A partir do cruzamento da literatura existente com a análise das atas das reuniões do Conselho de Segurança Nacional (CSN), esta dissertação de mestrado pretende discutir as dinâmicas da diplomacia do primeiro governo da ditadura militar. O argumento deste trabalho discute a interpretação e o alcance do alinhamento automático do Brasil com os Estados Unidos entre os anos 1964 e 1967. Três aspectos centrais sustentam a visão deste trabalho: o pragmatismo da diplomacia castellista, a predominância dos condicionantes domésticos no processo de tomada de decisão e a atuação do Brasil como país semiperiférico com pretensões de ascender na hierarquia de poder do sistema internacional. O estudo do conteúdo das reuniões, que foi desclassificado e passou a ficar disponível para pesquisa apenas em 2009, é realizado no sentido de avançar na abertura da caixa preta do processo de tomada de decisão em política externa. Um dos benefícios da análise das atas do CSN consiste na possibilidade de identificar com clareza as divergências internas da ditadura militar. Outro aspecto discutido no trabalho é a evolução da política externa de Castello Branco, sobre a qual se considera que o Ato Institucional número 2 (AI-2), de outubro de 1965, representou um momento de inflexão. Argumenta-se neste trabalho que, a partir de então, a ação internacional do Brasil buscou maior autonomia, diminuindo a dependência em relação à superpotência ocidental. / This paper analyzes Humberto de Alencar Castello Branco’s foreign policy (1964-1967). By comparing the existing literature to the National Security Council (CSN)’s minutes, it examines the dynamics of the country’s diplomacy during Brazil’s first military government. It interprets and discusses the scope of Brazil’s automatic alignment with the United States between 1964 and 1967. There are three key aspects to support its conclusions: the pragmatism of Castello Branco’s diplomacy, the predominance of domestic constraints in the decision-making processes and Brazil’s actions as a semi-peripheral country aiming to rise in the international hierarchy power system. CSN’s meetings were declassified and available for research only in 2009. The study of its contents aims at opening the black box of the foreign policy’s decision-making process. One of the benefits of analyzing CSN´s minutes is the possibility of clearly identify internal divergences in the military dictatorship. This paper also discusses the evolution of Castello Branco's foreign policy, considering the Institutional Act No. 2 (AI-2), issued in October 1965, a turning point. Since then, Brazil has sought greater autonomy internationally, reducing its dependence of the United States, even during Castello Branco´s government.

O presente trabalho tem por objetivo analisar as mudanças institucionais ocorridas no Conselho de Segurança Nacional dos Estados Unidos entre 2001 e 2016. Ele se enquadra nas Resoluções nº 114/2014 e 115/2014 da Câmara de Pós-Graduação da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul e, portanto, é dividido em três partes. A PARTE I é composta por uma contextualização do objeto, contendo uma descrição geral do objetivo do trabalho, bem como a delimitação do objeto, marco teórico, e marco temporal. A PARTE II é comporta pelo artigo em si, que analisa as mudanças no sistema do Conselho de Segurança Nacional dos Estados Unidos através das administrações dos presidentes George W. Bush (2001-2008) e Barack Obama (2008-2016). O objetivo é demonstrar que mudanças em agencias de segurança nacional podem ser pontuais ou incrementais, dependendo das suas causas e consequências. Para tal, foram utilizadas técnicas de analise qualitativa e teoria do equilíbrio pontuado no exame de documentos oficiais e registros públicos. Primeiro, uma matriz institucional formada por normas, organizações, regras, capacidades e incentivos foi usada para comparar as mudanças no Conselho de Segurança Nacional para comparar as mudanças nas duas presidências. Em seguida, possíveis causas de mudanças selecionadas foram identificadas – design original da agencia, interesses dos atores burocráticos, ou eventos externos –, e finalmente, determinamos as consequências que essas mudanças podem ter para instituições ou politicas. A PARTE III apresenta a descrição da agenda de pesquisa a ser seguida. / This paper aims to analyze the institutional changes that took place in the National Security Council of the United States between 2001 and 2016. It is in accordance with Resolutions 114/2014 and 115/2014 of the Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, and therefore is divided into three parts. PART I is composed of a contextualization of the object, containing a general description of the objective of the work, as well as the delimitation of the object, theoretical framework, and time frame. PART II is composed by the article itself, which analyzes the changes in the system of the United States National Security Council through the administrations of Presidents George W. Bush (2001-2008) and Barack Obama (2008-2016). The objective is to demonstrate that changes in national security agencies can be punctual or incremental, depending on their causes and consequences. In order to do so we used techniques of qualitative analysis and theory of punctuated equilibrium in the examination of official documents and public records. First, an institutional matrix consisting of norms, organizations, rules, capabilities, and incentives was used to compare changes in the National Security Council to compare changes in the two presidencies. Then, possible causes for selected changes have been identified - original agency design, bureaucratic actors’ interests, or external events - and finally we determine the consequences that such changes can have for institutions or policies. PART III presents the description of the research agenda to be followed.

No description available.

Magister Legum - LLM

Magister Legum - LLM / The coming into force of the Rome Statute on the 1st July 2002 signified the birth of the International Criminal Court (ICC). The ICC came into existence as a permanent criminal court for the prosecution of Genocide, Crimes against Humanity, War Crimes and Crime of Aggression. There are 121 states-parties to the Rome Statute. This means there are many states that have not ratified the Rome Statute. The ICC would ordinarily not have jurisdiction over the nationals of these states if they committed offences within the jurisdiction of the ICC on the territories of the non-states parties. This paper intends to analyse whether the ICC has jurisdiction over nationals of non-state parties who commit crimes within the jurisdiction of the ICC on the territories of non-states parties to the Rome Statute. There are situations and cases that are before the ICC involving nationals of non-state parties that committed crimes on territories of non-states parties. These cases have come before the ICC by way of United Nations Security Council (UNSC) referrals. This paper will therefore examine the legality of UNSC referrals under international law in respect of nationals of non-states parties, who commit crimes within the jurisdiction of the ICC, on territories of non-states parties.

Magister Legum - LLM

The thesis primarily aims to describe main events and a role of the United Nations in Iraq in 2002-2005. However, since broader knowledge in needed, the thesis also deals with historical events in Iraq and in the UN Security Council. Equally, it seeks to explain in a concise manner the specificities in Iraq that played or play an essential role. In the period after the American invasion in 2003 the thesis confront US expectations and plans with the reality on Iraqi soil and UN standpoints. In fact, the link through the whole thesis is the depiction of the relationship between the US and the Security Council and after the invasion also with UN Assistance mission in Iraq (UNAMI). Given the limited extent the thesis is concluded by the elections to the permanent Iraqi parliament in December 2005.

The diploma thesis "The KFOR mission in Kosovo: The NATO activity in Kosovo after the military intervention in 1999" has its aim in describing individual steps of the KFOR mission in Kosovo after 1999 and strives to analyze the achievements of this activity. How much effectiveness KFOR produced in pursuing the goal of peacekeeping and post-conflict reconstruction? What were the achievements of the mission and when is it feasible to withdraw the mission from Kosovo? In addition, the thesis also analyzes the activity of other international missions in Kosovo and their cooperation with KFOR.

The relationship betweeen the International Criminal Court and the United Nations Security Council holds important value because, as a people, we are striving for a change towards a universal justice system, rather than a nationalistic conflictual one. To assess the progress, a closer look is necessary at the issue at hand. If the ICC does not have a nation to support it, in order to serve as a deterrent, it does need a powerful organization behind it: the UNSC, or the interplay between the SC, ICC and the "executive body" of the international community. However, their relationship is convoluted in controversy, since it is believed to serve as a tool for the major powers when they see fit, thus deligitimizing its credibility as an overarching judicial organization meant to resolve inter-state conflicts, and punish those who commit the most heinous crimes, regardless of their nationality. The findings of this research will show that more factors weigh in, and, even though the UNSC does hold a tight grip and has the power to influence the proceedings before the ICC, there is a clear positive trajectory for the International Criminal Justice System; the author of the research believes it will only get better. Keywords International Criminal Court; UNSC; Rome Statute; International Criminal Law Range...