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Afhandling om sädens rätta förvaringTrozelius, Clas Blechert, Bergstedt, Jonas S. January 1778 (has links)
Thesis (doctoral)--Lunds universitet, 1778. / At head of title: J.H.J.N. Reproduction of original from Kress Library of Business and Economics, Harvard University. Goldsmiths'-Kress no. 11689.2-2. Electronic Reproduction.
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Afhandling om sädens rätta förvaring ...Trozelius, Clas Blechert, Bergstedt, Jonas S. January 1778 (has links)
Thesis (doctoral)--Lunds universitet, 1778. / At head of title: J.H.J.N. Reproduction of original from Kress Library of Business and Economics, Harvard University. Goldsmiths'-Kress no. 11689.2-2.
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Control of Dodder in Alfalfa Seed CropsLee, William Orvid 01 May 1954 (has links)
Dodder (Cuscuta spp.) is a parasitic weed which attacks alfalfa, clovers, lespedeza and many other species of plants. This pest is especially troublesome when these crops are grown to produce seed.
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THE EFFECT OF PLANT DENSITY IN GUAR SEED YIELD AND ITS COMPONENTS.Milligan, Scott Bradly. January 1984 (has links)
No description available.
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Aspects of intellectual property protection in relation to seed crops, floriculture and medicinal plants that may impact on policy and legislative developments in South AfricaNetnou-Nkoana, Noluthando January 2016 (has links)
The Plant Breeder’s Right (PBR), also known as Plant Variety Protection (PVP), is a form of
intellectual property afforded to breeders of newly bred plant varieties. In South Africa,
intellectual protection of new plant varieties is afforded through the Plant Breeders’ Rights Act,
1976 (Act No. 15 of 1976) as amended in 1996. / The writer has been Registrar: Plant Breeders’ Rights since November 2007. Over the years
the writer has interacted with several stakeholders with interest in plant breeders’ rights,
including breeders, farmers, patent attorneys, growers, plant breeders’ rights administrators
from other countries and civil society organisations. Although South Africa has had Plant
Breeders’ Rights legislation since 1976, it has been observed that this piece of legislation is
relatively unknown and often misunderstood even by the users of the system. In engagements
with various stakeholders, it has been established that there are conflicting views amongst the
stakeholders on pertinent issues related to the plant breeders’ rights system. There are views,
among others, include: that the plant breeders’ rights system is only relevant and benefits
breeders from big multinational companies such as Monsanto and farmers can never benefit in
such a system; that the Plant Breeders’ Rights Act is synonymous with genetically modified
organisms; that indigenous plants are neglected, and that the system only promotes protection
of foreign varieties. The most contentious issue is however around the impact of plant
breeders’ rights on the tradition of farmers to save, sell and exchange seed. / Very little is documented on the South Africa plant breeders’ rights system, more so from the
administrator’s perspective. This study explored some aspects of the plant breeders’ rights
system that may need policy interventions and legislation amendments, such as matters
around the plant breeders’ rights system in relation to farmers’ rights, possible dual protection
of Genetically Modified varieties in terms of the Plant Breeders’ Rights Act 1976 and the
Patents Act 1978, as well as the participation of indigenous ornamental crops in the plant
breeders’ rights system. / On the issue of the farmers’ rights: results of this work show that the current provision in the
Plant Breeders’ Rights Act deals with Farmers’ Rights in a narrow sense, i.e. with the rights of
farmers to save seed. It was established that this provision is inadequate for both the breeders
and the farmers. A survey was also conducted among smallholder farmers from four
provinces, namely Eastern Cape, Free State, Limpopo, and Western Cape. The interesting
finding was that although there is so much debate around the impact of the plant breeders’
rights system on farmers’ rights, the majority of the farmers from this study group have never
heard of the Plant Breeders’ Rights Act. There are farmers who are continuing with the
practice of seed saving; however some farmers have indicated that they do not save seed they
believe that this practice lowers yield. Those who do save seed mostly save their traditional
seed, i.e. locally adapted seed lacking formal crop improvement as opposed to modern
commercial seed. Some farmers have indicated that they do develop varieties through their
own selections and believe that their varieties could qualify for protection in terms of the Plant
Breeders’ Rights Act. It is evident that both government and the civil society organisations
need to do more to educate smallholder farmers about laws and policies that impact their
livelihood. Based on this study, a proposal was made to have the farmers’ privilege provisions
in the current Plant Breeders’ Right Act amended to allow the Minister responsible for
Agriculture to prescribe among others: the crops in which this provision will apply; the category
or categories of farmers that would benefit; the circumstances under which royalties should be
paid. This proposal was welcomed by most stakeholders and has since been incorporated in
the draft Plant Breeders’ Rights Bill. It is envisaged that specific details around these factors
will be included in the Regulations to the Act after extensive consultations with all relevant
stakeholders. / There is a gap in policy and legislation with regard to the recognition of Farmers’ Rights as
envisaged in the International Treaty on Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture
(ITPGRFA). As such there are calls from some stakeholders including the civil society
organisations that legislation on plant breeders’ rights must address these gaps and/or an
alternative sui generis (of its own kind) system should be explored as the International Union
for the Protection of New Plant Varieties (UPOV) system is not tailored for developing
© University of Pretoria
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countries. In South Africa, legislation dealing with some aspects pertaining to Farmers’ Rights
is spread over different government departments, e.g. Department of Agriculture, Forestry &
Fisheries dealing with intellectual property protection only in as far as plant breeders’ rights;
Department of Trade & Industry being custodians of intellectual property laws in South Africa
and administrators of, among others the Patents Act; Department of Environmental Affairs
dealing with Access and Benefit Sharing matters; Department of Science and Technology
dealing with Indigenous Knowledge Systems and intellectual property protection emanating
from publicly funded research institutions. More discussions are needed on South Africa
becoming a member of the ITPGRFA as these will pave the way for further discussions and
policy interventions addressing Farmers’ Rights in a broad sense. / As far as the Genetically Modified Organisms are concerned, South Africa has approved only
three Genetically Modified (GM) crops for commercialization in terms of the GMO Act, 1997,
namely cotton, maize, and soybean. This is contrary to some statements made by members of
the public that much more crops, including pumpkin, potato, banana and tomato are
genetically modified. In terms of intellectual property protection, of the total number of GM
varieties protected by plant breeders’ rights per crop: 60% of varieties are GM for cotton, 61%
for yellow maize, 34% for white maize and 63% for soybean. Currently there are no GM events
used in these crops protected in terms of the Patents Act 1978, which effectively means that
there is currently no dual protection for these crops. Dual protection is however one of the
most hotly debated issues because of the impact it might have on the rights of farmers to save
seed. It has been argued that in South Africa dual protection is possible. Scrutiny of the Plant
Breeders’ Rights Act 1976, the Patents Act 1978 and the draft National Policy on Intellectual
Property shows that all are silent on the issue of dual protection of plant varieties. The
Departments of Agriculture, Forestry & Fisheries together with the Department of Trade and
Industry need to initiate discussions around dual protection as well the use of Technology
Agreements, between technology holders and technology users, in protecting GM varieties
and the impact thereof for all role players in the value-chain in order to come up with the
country position in this regard. / This study showed that ornamental plants attract the highest number of plant breeders’ rights
applications. Of the applications received between 2000 and 2010 about 20% are of varieties
developed from indigenous plants. Of plant breeders’ rights in ornamental plants, 84% are
owned by foreign entities. Of the 16% owned by local entities, 12% are privately owned and
4% are owned by public research institutions. Some of the challenges facing this industry
include the fact that there is inadequate turnover to allow for breeding programs and research
initiatives; this is exacerbated by plant breeder’s rights infringements which lead to further
revenue losses. Other challenges the industry face include high labor costs and lack of market
information. The national Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries together with the
other relevant departments, e.g. the Department of Labour and the Department of Trade and
Industry need to engage more with the floricultural industry stakeholders to discuss the
challenges facing the industry and come up with policies that would be conducive for the
further development of the industry in order for South Africa to benefit from its unique
biodiversity. Literature study has also established that breeders are keen on developing
varieties of medicinal plants that are uniform and stable. This would call for domestic
legislation on intellectual property protection that is aligned with legislation on Biodiversity and
Access and Benefit-Sharing. / This study highlights the importance of engaging stakeholders from both the formal and
informal sector and brings attention to gaps in our policies and legislation. This study has
already made a major contribution in the draft Plant Breeders’ Rights Bill through the inclusion
of the revised provision on farmers’ privilege. This revision is aimed at ensuring that the
legitimate interests of the breeder are protected whilst the rights of the farmers are recognized.
It is hoped that this study will make a positive contribution to future policy developments and
will lay a foundation for future studies pertaining to the plant breeders’ rights system and its
impact in the agricultural sector. / Thesis (PhD)--University of Pretoria, 2016. / Department of Agriculture, Forestry & Fisheries / Paraclinical Sciences / PhD / Unrestricted
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Respostas morfolÃgicas e fisiolÃgicas do amendoim, gergelim e mamona a ciclos de deficiÃncia hÃdrica / Morphologic and physiological response of the castorbean (Ricinus communis L., sesame (sesamum indicum L.) and peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) to cycles of water deficit.Ciro de Miranda Pinto 22 November 2006 (has links)
CoordenaÃÃo de AperfeiÃoamento de NÃvel Superior / A pesquisa foi conduzida em casa de vegetaÃÃo no Campus do Pici da Universidade
Federal do CearÃ, no perÃodo de janeiro a marÃo de 2006, com o objetivo de estudar a resposta
das culturas da mamona (Ricinus communis L.), gergelim (Sesamum indicum L.) e amendoim
(Arachis hypogaea L.) a ciclos de deficiÃncia hÃdrica na fase de crescimento vegetativo. Foi
avaliado o comportamento de duas cultivares de cada espÃcie, a saber: amendoim, cultivares
PI 165317 (grupo âSpanishâ) e 57422 (grupo VirgÃnia); gergelim, cultivares CNPA-G3 e
CNPA-G4 e mamona, cultivares Mirante e BRS 149 Nordestina. As sementes foram semeadas
em tubos de PVC com 100 cm de comprimento e 15 cm de diÃmetro, em solo de textura
arenosa. As cultivares foram submetidas a dois regimes hÃdricos - irrigaÃÃo diÃria e ciclos de
deficiÃncia hÃdrica. Foram determinadas variÃveis relativas Ãs condiÃÃes hÃdricas da planta,
trocas gasosas, crescimento da parte aÃrea e crescimento e estratificaÃÃo do sistema radicular.
A colheita das plantas ocorreu aos 50, 55, 56 dias apÃs o plantio para as culturas do gergelim,
amendoim e mamona, respectivamente. As variÃveis potencial hÃdrico, conteÃdo relativo de
Ãgua, transpiraÃÃo foliar, fotossÃntese foliar e condutÃncia estomÃtica foram reduzidas nas trÃs
culturas em resposta aos ciclos de deficiÃncia hÃdrica. A relaÃÃo entre a temperatura foliar e a
ambiente aumentou em resposta ao estresse aplicado. O uso eficiente de Ãgua nÃo foi alterado
nas culturas da mamona e amendoim, apresentando reduÃÃo significativa no gergelim em
resposta ao dÃficit hÃdrico. A matÃria seca da parte aÃrea, das raÃzes e total, bem assim o
volume radicular foram reduzidos em todas as espÃcies em resposta ao dÃficit hÃdrico. A
relaÃÃo raiz/parte aÃrea aumentou em resposta ao estresse hÃdrico nas culturas do amendoim e
gergelim, enquanto na mamona essa relaÃÃo permaneceu inalterada. O amendoim apresentou a
menor partiÃÃo de matÃria seca para as raÃzes; o gergelim ficou numa posiÃÃo intermediÃria e
a mamona destinou a maior proporÃÃo de biomassa para as raÃzes. O amendoim apresentou a
maior modificaÃÃo da estratificaÃÃo do sistema radicular em resposta ao dÃficit hÃdrico, com
um maior aprofundamento das raÃzes. A mamona apresentou a menor resposta e o gergelim
ficou numa posiÃÃo intermediÃria. Independentemente do regime hÃdrico as trÃs culturas
apresentaram maior proporÃÃo do sistema radicular nos primeiros 25 cm de solo. O nÃmero de
folhas e a Ãrea foliar foram reduzidos nas trÃs espÃcies em resposta ao dÃficit hÃdrico. / A greenhouse research was carried out at the Universidade Federal do CearÃ, Campus do Pici,
from January to March 2006, with the objectives of studying the response of castorbean
(Ricinus communis L.), sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) and peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) to
cycles of water deficit in the early vegetative growth phase. The following cultivars for each
crop were evaluated: peanut cultivars PI 165317 (group Spanish) and 57422 (group Virginia);
sesame CNPA G3 and CNPA G4; and castorbean Mirante and BRS 149 Nordestina. The
seeds were planted in PVC tubes 100 cm log and 10 cm wide, filled with sand soil. The
cultivars received two water regime treatments: daily irrigation and cycles of water stress.
Several variables were determined relative to plant water status, gas exchange, top and root
growth and root system distribution in the soil profile. Plant harvest was accomplished at 50,
55 and 56 days after planting for sesame, peanut and castorbean, respectively. The variables
water potential, relative water content, leaf transpiration, leaf photosynthesis and stomatal
conductance were reduced in all three crops in response to water stress. The relation between
leaf and ambient temperature increased in response to water stress. The water use efficiency
was not affected by the stress imposed in castorbean and peanut. On the other hand, in sesame
this variable decreased in response to water stress. Tops, roots and total dry matter as well as
the root system volume were reduced in all species in response to water stress. Root shoot
ratio increased in response to water stress for sesame and peanut, while for castorbean this
relation remained unchanged. Among the crops studied, peanut plants had the smallest dry
matter partition to the roots; sesame stayed in an intermediary position and castorbean
partitioned the higher proportion of dry matter to roots. Peanut showed a large modification in
the root system stratification in response to the water stress, with the increase of proportion of
the root system in the deep soil. Castorbean showed the smaller response as far as deepening
of the root system and sesame retained an intermediary position. All three crops, no matter the
water regime was, had the most proportion of the root system in the first 25 cm layer of soil.
The leaf number and leaf area were reduced in the three species in response to water stress.
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Evaluation of spring and fall burndown application timings on control of glyphosate-resistant horesweed in no-till cottonOwen, Lucas N. January 2009 (has links) (PDF)
Thesis (M.S.)--University of Tennessee, Knoxville, 2009. / Title from title page screen (viewed on Oct. 22, 2009). Thesis advisor: Lawrence E. Steckel. Vita. Includes bibliographical references.
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ConfiguraÃÃo e antecipaÃÃo de plantio da mamona em consÃrcio com a cultura do girassol / Arragement and early planting of castor bean intercropped with sunflower cropCiro de Miranda Pinto 27 May 2011 (has links)
CoordenaÃÃo de AperfeiÃoamento de NÃvel Superior / A mamoneira (Ricinus communis) Ã tolerante a seca e cultivada para produÃÃo de Ãleo para uso industrial. Na regiÃo Nordeste os pequenos produtores cultivam a mamona consorciada algodÃo, feijÃo caupi, gergelim, girassol, milho, sorgo ou amendoim. Dois experimentos de campo foram conduzidos nos anos agrÃcolas 2008, 2009 e 2010, na Fazenda Experimental Lavoura Seca, QuixadÃ, CearÃ, com o objetivo de avaliar o comportamento da mamona e girasssol cultivados em dois padrÃes de consorciaÃÃo. No experimento I avaliou-se o consorcio mamona (Ma) x girassol (Gi) com 1Ma:1Gi; 1Ma:2Gi; 1Ma:3Gi; 2Ma:2Gi; 2Ma:3Gi fileiras, acrescidos da mamona e girassol em monocultivo. No experimento II, avaliou-se o consorcio mamona x girassol com antecipaÃÃo do plantio da mamona em 0, 7, 14 ou 21 dias antes do plantio do girassol. Para cada experimento adotou-se o delineamento de blocos ao acaso com 4 repetiÃÃes. Avaliou-se a produtividade de grÃos, seus componentes e o uso eficiente da terra para a mamona e girassol consorciados e em monocultivo. A produtividade da mamona e girassol no monocultivo foi significativamente superior nos dois sistemas de consÃrcio. A antecipaÃÃo do plantio da mamona 14 e 21 dias em comparaÃÃo ao girassol mostraram vantagens em relaÃÃo as demais datas de plantio. No experimentos I e II verificou-se que a mamona foi dominante sobre ao girassol. PrecipitaÃÃes pluviais inferiores a demanda hÃdrica das culturas da mamona e girassol, proporcionaram reduÃÃo no uso eficiente de terra (UET). / Castor bean (Ricinus communis L.) is an oil seed crop drought tolerant with its oil having several uses in industry. In the Northeast of Brazil it is commonly cultivated by small farmers intercropped with cotton, cowpea, sesamum, sunflower, sorghum or peanuts. Two field experiments were carried during 2008, 2009 and 2010, at â Fazenda Experiental Lavoura Secaâ, Quixada, Ceara, with the objective to evaluate the behavior of castor bean and sunflower under two intercropping arrangements. In experiment I, its was evaluated the intercropping castor bean (CB) x sunflower (SF) with 1CB:1SF; 1CB:2SF; 1CB:3SF; 2SB:2SF; 2CB:3SF rows, added of sole crop of castor bean and sunflower. In the experiment II, was evaluated with the early planting of castor bean in 0, 7, 14 or 21 days in relations to sunflower the intercropping systems. In both experiments it was used a randomized complete block design with 4 replications. In this study it was determined the yield, yield components and land equivalent ratio (LER) for castor bean and sunflower grown in intercropping and sole crop. The grain yield of castor bean and sunflower was significantly higher in sole crop than intercropping in both experiments. Between the intercropping systems the highest yields were observed when early planting of castor bean was of 14 or 21 days before sunflower. In experiments I and II, showed that the castor bean was the dominant crop in relation to sunflower. Rainfall lower the water requirements of castor bean and sunflower crops, showed a reduction in LER.
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