Vad som motiverar olika grupper har länge diskuteras och har varit en viktig del i hur företag är strukturerade och hur de arbetar. Arbetsuppgifter och arbetsformer är föränderliga och på senare tid har rollen som konsult vuxit fram som en frekvent förekommande och även attraktiv arbetsform. Ett av de mest attraktiva yrkena för studenter är yrket som managementkonsult, vilket är ett varierande men påfrestande yrke med relativt låg finansiell ersättning per nedlagd tid. Denna attraktion säger till viss del emot vad erkända motivationsteorier menar motiverar dessa personer och därmed studenters val av yrke. Uppfattningar om Generation Y, personer födda mellan 1979-1994, menar att finansiella belöningar är viktigt för denna grupp. Samtidigt menar Self-determination Theory att detta borde tränga bort den inre motivationen, som enligt undersökningar gjorda för uppsatsen, är viktig i val av yrke. Enligt dessa undersökningar attraheras respondenterna inte till yrket som managementkonsult på grund av pengarna. Det är framförallt personlig utveckling samt intressanta och varierande arbetsuppgifter som lockar personer som studerar management. Vidare har det påvisats viktigt att få lära ut sin kunskap till andra, vilket ligger i linje med yrkets karaktär. Det sistnämnda kan vara en trend som gjort konsult som arbetsform attraktivt, vilket är öppet för vidare forskning. Även de indikationer som visat att den finansiella ersättningen är mindre viktig i val av yrke i Uppsala och kanske även Sverige kan undersökas djupare, i kontrast mot att undersökningarna för uppfattningarna om Generation Y är gjorda i USA.

This thesis explores generation Y motivators. They are a growing group of young people among the general workforce, and they have different behavior and motivators at work. This paper explores effective motivating factors for this group of employees by studying a company, LinkedIn, which successfully motivates generation Y employees. Data is gathered through several interviews done with LinkedIn employees working at their Dublin office. The data is analyzed with the help of a motivational theory called self-determination theory and its main concepts autonomy, relatedness and competence. Other insights from earlier studies done on generation Y motivation are used to support the analysis as well. The results and analysis are consistent with theory and earlier studies, and can even show some interesting factors generation Y employees value, such as high value for manager flexibility and sharing similar values with the company they work for.

Fysisk aktivitet är en faktor som bidrar till ökad hälsa och välbefinnande. Trots det så hänvisar nationell statistik till att andelen inaktiva svenskar verkar vara bestående. Syftet med föreliggande studie var att undersöka eventuella skillnader och samband i motivation till fysisk aktivitet utifrån kön, ålder och aktivitetsnivå samt upplevda barriärer och handlingsstrategier. Data samlades in från träningsanläggningar och arbetsplatser i Halmstads kommun via forskningsadministrerade frågeformulär. Frågeformuläret innefattade de teoribaserade formulären IPAQ, MTUAM, BREQ-2 och GSE. Resultaten av studien visade bl.a. att kvinnor hade högre grad av inre motivation till fysisk aktivitet än män. Den högaktiva (HEPA-aktiva) gruppen var de som uppvisade högst grad av inre motivation. Ålder visade negativa korrelationer med aktivitetsnivå och introjicerad reglering och positiva samband med inre motivation och total aktivitetsnivå. Männen i studien hade högre generellt self-efficacy än kvinnor. Ålder, kön och aktivitetsnivå var således faktorer som påverkade motivation hos deltagarna i studien på olika sätt. Det viktigaste för att främja ett fysiskt aktivt beteende är utifrån resultaten av denna studie att ta hänsyn till den enskilda individen och dess förutsättningar.

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Autonomy-supportive parenting yields manifold benefits. To gain more insight into the family-level dynamics involved in autonomy-supportive parenting, the present study addressed three issues. First, on the basis of self-determination theory, we examined whether mothers’ satisfaction of the psychological needs for autonomy, competence, and relatedness related to autonomy-supportive parenting. Second, we investigated maternal autonomy support as an intervening variable in the mother–child similarity in psychological need satisfaction. Third, we examined associations between autonomy-supportive parenting and autonomy-supportive sibling interactions. Participants were 154 mothers (M age = 39.45, SD = 3.96) and their two elementary school-age children (M age = 8.54, SD = 0.89 and M age = 10.38, SD = 0.87). Although mothers’ psychological need satisfaction related only to maternal autonomy support in the younger siblings, autonomy-supportive parenting related to psychological need satisfaction in both siblings and to an autonomy-supportive interaction style between siblings. We discuss the importance of maternal autonomy support for family-level dynamics. / Peer review

Using self-determination theory (SDT; Deci & Ryan, 1985b) as the theoretical framework, this study examined the following three hypotheses: 1) there is a positive relationship between the level of perceived parental need support and the level of major satisfaction; 2) there is a positive relationship between the level of perceived parental need support and the level of autonomous self-regulation in their agricultural major; and 3) the level of autonomous self-regulation partially mediates the relationship between the levels of perceived parental need support and major satisfaction. Participants included 536 college students with declared agricultural majors in a college of agriculture at a large Midwestern university. Measures included the Perceptions of Parents Scale (POPS; Robbins, 1994), the Self-regulation Questionnaire (SRQ; Ryan & Connell, 1989) and the Academic Major Satisfaction Survey (AMSS; Nauta, 2007). As hypothesized, autonomous self-regulation mediated the relationship between perceived parental need support and major satisfaction. Specifically, autonomous self regulation fully mediated the relationship between perceived mother need support and major satisfaction and only partially mediated the relationship between father need support and major satisfaction. Implications of this study include the potential relevance of self-determination theory to the career development literature and major satisfaction generally.

This study examined the role of autonomy support (AS) in the relationship between stereotype threat (ST) and performance on a subset of the Raven's Standard Progressive Matrices (RSPM) using a 2 x 2 factorial design. It was hypothesized that: 1. There would be significantly fewer correct answers in ST conditions compared to non-ST conditions, 2. There would be a significantly higher number of correct answers in AS conditions compared to non-AS conditions, 3.The relationship between ST conditions and performance would be moderated by AS conditions 206 African American college students from a mid-sized Midwestern university participated in the study. Performance, measured by the overall number of correct items answered from a set of 14 problems from the RSPM and also difficult and easy subsets of these problems, was the dependent variable and participants also completed a survey. Participants in ST conditions performed better than those in non-ST conditions. There was no difference in performance for participants in AS and non-AS conditions. High academic identified participants in AS conditions performed significantly better than similar participants in non-AS conditions on all items. Low academic identified participants in ST conditions performed better than those in non-ST conditions, only on easy items. These results provide information on the role of AS and item difficulty in stereotype threat situations.

Master of Public Health / Public Health Interdepartmental Program / Emily Mailey / BACKGROUND: The high prevalence of physical inactivity in America is associated with the development of multiple chronic health conditions and a growing burden on the healthcare system, causing a public health crisis. An ineffective communication strategy regarding how and why people can be physically active may be partially to blame for this crisis. Messages coming from various sources, including physicians, the federal government, professional organizations, and the media, promote physical activity in a way that does not support the three key psychological needs of autonomy, competence, and relatedness described by the Self-Determination Theory (SDT). To address these deficiencies, the present study sought to compare the impact of brief online modules utilizing SDT-supportive strategies to promote autonomy and competence to information-based modules on participant levels of autonomous motivation, attitude, perceived behavioral control (PBC), and physical activity behavior. METHOD: Four online modules were developed for inactive adults ages 22-45 and were delivered over the course of four weeks via Qualtrics. Participants were randomized into the intervention (n=66) or control (n=66) condition, with the intervention modules including more autonomy-supportive content and recommendations to re-frame physical activity as a more feasible activity that one can benefit from immediately. Both groups completed modules relating to similar topics, including the benefits of physical activity, physical activity recommendations, barriers, and external influences. Repeated measures ANOVAs were utilized to examine changes in autonomous motivation, attitude, PBC, and physical activity behavior from pre-post intervention between groups. RESULTS: Participants from both groups reported an increase in autonomous motivation [F(1,66)=16.207, p=<.001], overall attitude towards physical activity [F(1,65)=4.726, p=.033], and PBC [F(1,66)=9.191, p=.002]. There was no significant change in physical activity behavior [F(1,68)=.122, p=.728] during the four-week pre-post assessment, and there were no significant differences detected between groups. CONCLUSION: A four-week online intervention positively impacted autonomous motivation, attitude, and perceived behavioral control regarding individual physical activity behavior. These findings suggest that implementing recommendations to re-frame physical activity through brief interactive and information-based modules could be an effective strategy to increase the psychological precursors of physical activity behavior. However, additional strategies may be necessary to translate psychological changes to physical activity behavior. Future interventions could benefit from identifying ways to increase the reach of the program and incorporating a longer follow-up to assess if the psychological changes are translated to behavior.

ABSTRACT Title: What can business leaders learn from sport management? Authors: Domagoj Dragicevic and Simon Lindqvist Supervisor: Monika Wallmon and Maria Fregidou-Malama Date: 2018 – January   Purpose: The purpose of this study is to increase the understanding for business leaders about how they can use servant leadership to motivate employees seen from a sport management perspective.   Method: This is a qualitative study based on 11 semi-structured interviews used to collect data. The theoretical framework under which the empirical data was analysed in consists of the Self-Determination theory.   Results and conclusions: The results indicate that the athletes feel that relatedness is the most prominent of the three basic needs according to SDT to create motivation followed by competence and autonomy. Autonomy did not show to be an important basic need to create motivation compared to relatedness and competence.   Suggestions for future research: A similar study to the one we have conducted with a larger number of respondents and from a larger group we believe could have affected the result. A larger group could complicate leadership as well as the relatedness within the group, which makes us think this would be an interesting topic to investigate further.   Contribution of the thesis: Business leaders can utilize this study as it highlights the apparent connection between individuals need of relatedness and competence to their experienced motivation. Motivated employees have shown to be more creative and show a greater tendency to remain within the company.   Key words: Servant leadership, Self-Determination theory, SDT, motivation