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Ce mémoire s’inscrit les réflexions concernant la relation entre les peuples autochtones et allochtones au Canada. Plus précisément, il s’intéresse à la possibilité qu’ont les peuples d’entrer en dialogue afin de mener à l’autodétermination et à l’émancipation des peuples autochtones. L’objectif est de déterminer si un dialogue peut avoir lieu et quelles sont les conditions de possibilité de sa réussite. Premièrement, il s’agit de soutenir que le dialogue est la voie la plus intéressante pour mener à l’autodétermination. Il s’agit également de présenter une conception du dialogue qui convient à la fois aux peuples autochtones et allochtones. Cette conception sera celle de l’auteur James Tully. Dans un second temps, il sera question d’identifier les limites de cette conception, principalement autour de la notion de reconnaissance mutuelle entre les peuples. L’autoreconnaissance sera présentée comme alternative à la reconnaissance afin d’éviter les limites de celle-ci. Troisièmement, le concept de paradigmes de Shawn Wilson sera mobilisé afin de réorienter les perspectives et les attentes du dialogue. Il sera défendu que le dialogue ne peut pas être la seule façon pour les peuples autochtones de s’autodéterminer puisqu’ils ne peuvent y être contraints. Une reformulation des conditions du dialogue à partir notamment des travaux de Glen Couthard, Leanne Betasamosake Simpson et Taiaiake Alfred sera proposée afin de mieux rendre compte de la distance qui peut exister entre les positions des peuples autochtones et allochtones. Les principes du dialogue qui s’en dégagent orienteront les actions qui doivent être posées pour sortir de la relation coloniale de domination qui maintient actuellement les peuples dans un rapport déséquilibré. / This thesis takes part in the reflections on the relationship between Indigenous and non-Indigenous peoples in Canada. More specifically, it investigates the possibility for peoples to enter a dialogue that would lead to the self-determination and emancipation of Indigenous peoples. The objective is to determine whether a dialogue can take place and what are the conditions for its success. First, it will be argued that dialogue is the most interesting way to to self-determination, only if the conception of this dialogue suits both Indigenous and non-Indigenous peoples. This conception will be inspired by the works of scholar James Tully. Second, the thesis will identify the limits of this specific conception of dialogue, mainly around the notion of mutual recognition between peoples. Self-recognition will be presented as an alternative to recognition to avoid its limits. Third, the concept of paradigms presented by Shawn Wilson will be mobilized to reorient the perspectives and expectations of the dialogue. It will be argued that a dialogue cannot be the only way for indigenous peoples to self-determine since they cannot be coerced into it. Based on the works of authors such as Glen Couthard, Leanne Betasamosake Simpson and Taiaiake Alfred, a reformulation of the conditions of the dialogue will be proposed to better reflect the distance that may exist between the positions of Indigenous and non-Indigenous peoples. The principles of dialogue that emerge will guide the actions that must be taken to get out of the colonial relationship of domination that currently keeps peoples in an unbalanced relationship.

Show Girl 以「身體」作為展演工具與追求認同的利器，她們是臺灣資訊展展場文化的核心要角，亦是展場空間環境中的靈魂人物，其在資展空間環境中，身體是自我規訓、象徵符號與權力展現的場域，而非父權凝視下的被動客體。本文以 Show Girl 身處資訊展中的形象再現與自我認知為核心，將Paul Du Gay 等人提出的文化迴路概念作為研究架構，以探討 Show Girl 透過文化過程的接合概念，梳理出女性身體作為一個主體之自我養成、身體生產、形象塑造，與展場空間環境之互動所包含消費意義、自我認同和規範衝突。並以民族誌研究方式加入論述分析的資料，深入剖析 Show Girl 的勞動經驗與心路歷程；研究結果希望立體呈現 Show Girl 行業的主體多元性，並體現 Show Girl 是一個經濟體且也兼具社會文化意涵之身分，驗證文化的循環是以複雜的方式不斷互相重疊，並通過她們的生產與再現實踐，建立文化意義。 / “Show Girl” has become a widely accepted cultural phenomenon in most Taiwan IT exhibitions. While too many arguments about them are selling perfect body figures with sex appeals to attract audience and media, many young girls still join this business. The study applies the concept of the “circuit of culture” brought up by Paul du Gay（1997） as the research framework. By using field observation and discourse analysis, the purpose of this paper is to discover how show girls look upon their bodies, how they build up of self-consciousness through their impression management tactics and figure out how they interact with exhibition stakeholders（exhibitors, brokers, and consumers, media）. According to the research findings, show girls do not view themselves merely as sexy objects. They empower themselves with their bodies and winning sense of dominance during show time. By using the tactics they interact with stakeholders to build their self-confidence. They also change the consumptio tterns in tradeshow. By examining the five elements in the circuit of culture —representation, identification, production, consumption, riegulation—this study proves that show girls play an important role in IT exhibirtion with their beauty economy.

Thèse numérisée par la Division de la gestion de documents et des archives de l'Université de Montréal.

Thèse numérisée par la Division de la gestion de documents et des archives de l'Université de Montréal

Martina Smetanová Teaching for elementary school Dissertation Abstract The dissertation is regarding the use of art education in the education of children in elementary schools. In the theoretical part of the dissertation, there are described various psychological aspects, which have an influence on the development on the children's personality, e.g. creativity, intelligence, cooperation, sample schemes, mental mapping, attention, … The practical part consists of ten art themes within one common project "City does not have to be a labyrinth". (City from a bird's eye-view, Plastic city, City paving, Modern building, Traffic intersections, City plan, We are building a city, Travelling using a bus or tram, House sign, Mystical city). I realized this project on elementary school called ZŠ Fryčovická in Prague 9 - Letňany, in third, fourth and fifth grade. During the work with children, I tried to use the knowledge I got from the theoretical part. The aim was to give the children an idea about city, in which they are living and also to focus on the experiences, cooperation with other pupil, experiences with new art techniques, connection with other subjects, evaluation, development of fantasy, etc. The dissertation shows how we, within an art education, can develop skills and abilities, which can be then used in...

科学研究費補助金 研究種目:特定領域研究(A)(1) 課題番号:08276103 研究代表者:山下 興亜 研究期間:1996-2000年度

In recent decades, it was shown that belowground competition for some plants may take form of the tragedy of the commons (TOC). In these plants, the competing neighbours invest more in root systems than would be appropriate for optimal nutrient uptake for the group and also more than they do when grown alone. However, there is also strong evidence that other species do not follow TOC, and tailor their root system to best nutrient exploitation irrespectively of competitor presence. The root investment strategy of these plants should correspond to the ideal free distribution (IFD). In my thesis I focus on two aspects:  I use game theoretical models to explore, whether those strategies can coexist within species and also whether different species can coexist if they have different strategy. From this model I draw predictions, which I test by meta-analysis.  Using Agrostis stolonifera as a model, I test assumptions on nutrient and neighbour perception, which underlie TOC and IFD models. I show that according to mathematical models, those two strategies can coexist in different species in a community, but cannot coexist within a species. Within a species, the TOC strategy should always dominate, once it appears. This can be extrapolated to macroevolutionary scale - once TOC occurs in certain clade, it should...