The purpose of this study was to determine whether or not risk and protective factors (socioeconomic status, social connectedness, negative reactivity temperament, approach/withdrawal temperament, social acceptance competence, behavioral conduct competence, and global self-worth) measured in middle childhood would statistically predict the prevalence of suicide-related ideations and behaviors in high school. This study highlights the importance of examining a population of this age range prior to entering a critical developmental stage, shown to be at increase the risk for suicide. Due to the growing rates of suicide in adolescence, the objective is for this population to be regarded as a main target of future suicide prevention and intervention techniques. As such, the current study examined specific risk and protective factors in middle childhood with the goal to help identify a profile for adolescents in high school at risk for future suicide-related ideations and behaviors or to determine those who have developed protection against this health-risk behavior. The sample for this study was taken from two larger longitudinal studies with student participants from three rural school districts of central Texas. The data were analyzed using binary logistic and multiple linear regression analysis. While the findings of this study revealed statistically significant relationships between three out of the seven predictive variables (self-connectedness, global self-worth, and behavioral conduct competence), the results were not robust. Given the minimal significance of these exploratory findings, further analysis is suggested before development of intervention programs is warranted. / text

Introduction: In previous years, Occupational Therapy relied on the parents and caregivers’ perspectives about their children’s activity capacity, performance, and participation. The shift to a more child and family-centred practice has led to the creation of a variety of self-reported assessments for children and adolescents. This study reviewed articles containing paediatric self-report assessments, available for use within the Occupational Therapy area, and critically appraised them. Method: A systematic review in seven databases with the use of 22 search terms was conducted. Inclusion criteria was articles containing paediatric and adolescent reported assessments available to Occupational Therapists, published up to 20 years old and written in the English language. Exclusion criteria included articles containing impairment-based measures and proxy reported measures. The initial literature search took place between March 1st, 2018 and April 30th, 2018. Eighty-two articles met criteria, and, from these articles, 21 assessments were found and appraised using the COSMIN checklist Results:. Twenty-one assessments were found to measure children’s and adolescents’ perceptions on their activity capacity, performance and/ or participation. All their characteristics and technical details are mentioned in depth in this research. When applicable, clinimetric properties were appraised and found quite a few with good or excellent reliability and validity. Few assessments had not any research regarding their clinimetric properties. Conclusion: Most found assessments measured activity capacity and performance. The need for more participation-based measures emerged. Few assessments showed good or excellent reliability and validity which need to be considered if used within clinical practice.

This study examined the relationship between maternal expressed emotion (EE) and children's perceived self-competence, behavior and intelligence in a community sample of 190 urban, African American children ages 6-7. Maternal EE was measured by the Five Minute Speech Sample. Self reports and standardized measures were used to examine other mother and child variables. Compared with Low EE, High EE was associated with children's decreased cognitive self-concept, increased anxiety, and greater levels of hyperactivity. EE was unrelated to children's intelligence. The study suggests that for African American children at early school age, maternal EE predicts child anxiety, perceived cognitive competence, and hyperactive behavior. Further investigation appears warranted to evaluate the relationship, over time, between EE and child outcomes.

No description available.

Mémoire numérisé par la Division de la gestion de documents et des archives de l'Université de Montréal.

Mémoire numérisé par la Division de la gestion de documents et des archives de l'Université de Montréal

Many scholars are interested in the stage of adolescence. This period is marked by immense change in individual’s psychosocial, cognitive and physical development. Intensive psychophysical development suggests certain personality direction, changes in activeness and autonomy, which put adolescents into the contradictory situations, such as growing aspirations differing from reality, difficulties related with identity formation, inadequate self – value. Growing conflicts of adolescents’ and adults’ values, sense of identity, changing status in society make an individual perceive not only surrounding environment, but oneself as a part of it as well. The development of self – perception is the most intense at the stage of adolescence and it includes perception of self – concept, self – worth. Self – worth is one of the components of self – perception, reflecting individual’s view at oneself and depending upon one’s abilities, perceived competence. Adolescent, who is able to perceive oneself as being capable in many important areas, is tend to value oneself and be successful in socializing. Socialization program for children and youth (2004) states, that it is important to develop occupation of youths and improve its quality. Sport is one of the most acceptable activities for adolescents. Involvement in sport activity positively influences adolescents’ self – worth, withdraw them from various addictions, helps to integrate into society. The aim of the study was to evaluate the... [to full text]

Research Doctorate - Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) / In Chapter 1, I describe social competence, task competence and self-protection in an organisational context. In Chapter 2, I review key self theories and relate them to the self-competence construct. In Chapter 3, I review the research on self-competence to show that there is a need for a construct of social competence and self-protection. I discuss the limitations of three self-competence theories: Bandura’s (1977) self-efficacy theory, Williams and Lillibridge’s (1992) self-competence theory and Tafarodi & Swann’s (1995) self-competence/self-liking theory. In Chapter 4, I present my selfcompetence model. I raise the research questions and specify my hypotheses. In Chapter 5, I describe the construction of Social and Task Competence Scale. I present evidence of the reliability and factor structure of the Social and Task Competence Scale. I concluded that scale revisions were needed. In Chapter 6, I present evidence of the reliability, factor structure and predictive validity of the revised Social and Task Competence Scale and Self-Protection Scale. I describe the results of an experiment that investigated the interaction of task setting, social competence, task competence and selfprotection. I concluded that the measures predicted performance. In Chapter 7, I investigate the factor structure and reliability of the revised Social and Task Competence Scale and revised Self-Protection Scale. I provide evidence of the convergent and discriminant validity of these measures with reliable measures of self-competence, selfesteem, self-monitoring, personality and social desirability. In Chapter 8, I investigate the factor structure and reliability of the Social and Task Competence Scale and Self-Protection Scale after final revisions and show that these measures are acceptable for use in scientific research. I present evidence of their convergent validity with a valid andreliable measure of emotional intelligence, and describe experimental results that supported the hypothesised relationships between perceived task difficulty, social competence, task competence and self-protection and task performance. In Chapter 9, I discuss the implications of my research for self-competence theory, self-regulation and self-esteem and the prediction of social and task performance in organisations.