Breast self-examinations (BSE) and skin self-examinations (SSE) provide people with a cost-effective and time-efficient approach to the detection of cancer. Given the utility of these self-examination behaviors, it is important to determine who is likely to perform them regularly and why. Prior research has demonstrated a relationship of attitudes and self-efficacy with performance of and intention to practice the exams. Body image, although not previously studied, can be hypothesized to influence performance of these behaviors as well. To address these issues, the current study sought to determine if there are relationships between attitudes, self-efficacy, and body image and the practice of BSE and SSE. One hundred and six women completed measures assessing attitudes, self-efficacy, body image, past performance of BSE and SSE, and future intention to perform BSE and SSE. Results indicated that attitude was positively related to past performance of BSE and SSE and future intention to perform SSE. Self-efficacy was positively related to past performance and future intention to perform BSE and SSE. Body image was positively related only to past performance of SSE. Future research should further examine the relationship between body image and SSE utilizing longitudinal designs and a more diverse population.

<p>Dynamic Combinatorial Chemistry (DCC) is a recently introduced supramolecular approach to generate dynamically interchanging libraries of compounds. These libraries are made of different building blocks that reversibly interact with one another and spontaneously assemble to encompass all possible combinations. If a target molecule, for instance a receptor is added to the system and one or more molecules show affinity to the target species, these compounds will, according to Le Châtelier´s principle, be amplified on the expense of the other non-bonding constituents. To date, only a handful of different systems and formats have been used. Hence, to further advance the technique, especially when biological systems are targeted, new reaction types and new screening methods are necessary. This thesis describes the development of reversible sulfur reactions, thiol/disulfide interchange and transthiolesterification (the latter being a new reaction type for DCC), as means of generating reversible covalent bond reactions. Two different types of target proteins are used, enzymes belonging to the hydrolase family and the plant lectin Concanavalin A. Furthermore, two new screening/analysis methods not previously used in DCC are also presented; the quartz crystal microbalance (QCM)-technique and catalytic self-screening.</p>

Submitted by Fabio Sobreira Campos da Costa (fabio.sobreira@ufpe.br) on 2016-12-01T13:09:59Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 1232 bytes, checksum: 66e71c371cc565284e70f40736c94386 (MD5) DISSERTAÇÃO GLAUCIA PDF.pdf: 3704357 bytes, checksum: 1dc85b37dac1dafed212e355c1aef07d (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-12-01T13:09:59Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 1232 bytes, checksum: 66e71c371cc565284e70f40736c94386 (MD5) DISSERTAÇÃO GLAUCIA PDF.pdf: 3704357 bytes, checksum: 1dc85b37dac1dafed212e355c1aef07d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-02-25 / A desnutrição é um achado comum em pacientes hospitalizados e muitas vezes seu quadro é agravado pela falta de diagnóstico precoce. Cuidados nutricionais adequados começam com a identificação de pacientes em risco nutricional (RN) no momento do internamento, por intermédio de uma ferramenta de triagem. Entretanto, com o aumento de admissões hospitalares, torna-se impraticável ao profissional de saúde triar todos os pacientes em tempo hábil. O presente estudo, do tipo de avaliação, teve como objetivo avaliar a aplicabilidade de um instrumento de auto-triagem nutricional em pacientes adultos de ambos os sexos admitidos para internamento no período de julho a outubro de 2015 em um hospital público de Pernambuco. A auto-triagem nutricional foi realizada pelos pacientes elegíveis, como também pelo pesquisador, e ao final sua concordância foi avaliada pelo coeficiente Kappa. A avaliação da diferença entre a altura e o peso aferidos pelo avaliador e a altura referida e o peso aferido pelo paciente foi realizada por meio do teste de Wilcoxon, sendo construído o gráfico de Bland & Altman. Para avaliar a associação entre variáveis clínicas e sociodemográficas com o risco nutricional identificado pelo avaliador foi realizado teste do Qui-quadrado. O estudo envolveu 171 pacientes, sendo 59,1% do sexo feminino. A idade média dos pacientes foi de 51,7 ± 15,3 anos. Os resultados mostraram que um percentual elevado 47,9% (n=82) de pacientes não conseguiram realizar a auto-triagem, devolvendo o formulário ao pesquisador em branco ou incompleto, sendo o baixo grau de instrução e idade uma das principais razões. O peso médio registrado pelo paciente (68,4Kg ± 15,0) foi semelhante ao aferido pelo nutricionista (68,2Kg ± 15,1), resultado similar foi evidenciado na comparação entre a altura referida pelo paciente e a aferida pelo nutricionista, com diferencial de 0,03cm. Na comparação entre o RN avaliado pelo profissional de nutrição e o RN avaliado pelo paciente na auto-triagem, verifica-se que houve concordância no diagnóstico de RN em 91,9% dos casos e que 26,9% dos pacientes considerados sem risco pelo profissional foram incluídos como risco na auto-triagem. Na análise realizada pelo Kappa houve moderada concordância entre os dois diagnósticos (k=0,62; p=0,001). Na avaliação da concordância entre as duas aferições de peso e altura com o teste de Bland Altman, verificou-se uma boa concordância, com viés próximo a zero nas duas avaliações. De um modo geral, consideramos satisfatória, para a prática clínica, os resultados da auto-triagem. No entanto, como somente 52,1% da população foi capaz de responder o instrumento, conclui-se que ainda não é viável sua inclusão em um serviço que atenda pessoas de baixo grau de instrução, sugerindo então que novas pesquisas e adaptações para auto-triagem sejam realizadas. / Malnutrition is a common finding in hospitalized patients, and often the condition deteriorates for lack of an early diagnosis. Proper nutritional care begins with the identification of patients at nutritional risk by use of a screening tool on admission. However, as hospital admissions increase, it is impossible for health professionals to screen all patients in a timely manner. The present study aimed to assess the applicability of a nutritional self-screening tool in adult males and females admitted to a public hospital in Pernambuco between July and October of 2015. Nutritional self-screening was performed by eligible patients and by the researcher, and later their agreement was measured by the Kappa coefficient. The differences between the self-reported and measured weight and height were assessed by Wilcoxon’s test, with subsequent construction of the Bland & Altman graph. The chi-square test measured whether clinical and sociodemographic variables were associated with nutritional risk diagnosed by the researcher. The study included 171 patients, of which 59.1% were females. The mean age of the sample was 51.7 ± 15.3 years. A considerable percentage of patients (47.9%, n=82) could not screen themselves, returning the self-screening form in blank or incomplete mainly because of low education level. The mean self-reported weight (68.4 ± 15.0 Kg) was similar to the weight measured by a dietician (68.2 ± 15.1 kg). A similar result was obtained for height as the self-reported and measured heights differed by 0.03 cm. Self-assessed and professionally assessed nutritional risk agreed in 91.9% of the cases, and 26.9% of the patients considered not at risk by the professional were considered at risk according to their self-assessment.According to the Kappa coefficient, the two diagnoses had moderate agreement (k=0.62; p=0.001). The agreements between self-reported and measured weight and height according to the Bland &Altman test were good, with a bias close to zero. Generally, self-screening for clinical practice was considered satisfactory. However, since only 52.1% of the samplemanaged to answer the instrument, its use byhealth care facilities that cater to individuals with low education level is not yet viable, suggesting that new self-screening studies and adaptations are needed.

Dynamic Combinatorial Chemistry (DCC) is a recently introduced supramolecular approach to generate dynamically interchanging libraries of compounds. These libraries are made of different building blocks that reversibly interact with one another and spontaneously assemble to encompass all possible combinations. If a target molecule, for instance a receptor is added to the system and one or more molecules show affinity to the target species, these compounds will, according to Le Châtelier´s principle, be amplified on the expense of the other non-bonding constituents. To date, only a handful of different systems and formats have been used. Hence, to further advance the technique, especially when biological systems are targeted, new reaction types and new screening methods are necessary. This thesis describes the development of reversible sulfur reactions, thiol/disulfide interchange and transthiolesterification (the latter being a new reaction type for DCC), as means of generating reversible covalent bond reactions. Two different types of target proteins are used, enzymes belonging to the hydrolase family and the plant lectin Concanavalin A. Furthermore, two new screening/analysis methods not previously used in DCC are also presented; the quartz crystal microbalance (QCM)-technique and catalytic self-screening. / QC 20101118

Combined thermodynamic/kinetic events amount to a kinetically controlled Dynamic Combinatorial Resolution (DCR) process, where the lability of themolecules/aggregates are used to generate dynamics, and the species experiencing the lowest activation energy is selected via kinetic process. Bothinter- and intramolecular processes can be performed using this concept,resulting in complete resolution and associated amplification of the selected species. When intermolecular processes are resolved using this method, an additional advantage is that only a catalytic amount of selector is required tocontrol the system.In this thesis, the Henry and Strecker reactions were developed as efficient C–C bond-forming routes to single and multi-level dynamic covalent systems.These methods efficiently provided a vast variety of substrates from smallnumbers of starting compounds. These dynamic systems, generated underthermodynamic control at mild conditions, were coupled in one-pot processes with kinetically controlled lipase-mediated transacylation. The enzym emediated resolution of the dynamic nitroaldol system led to enantiomericallypure β-nitroacetates in high yield. Furthermore, combination of multi-leveldynamic Strecker systems and lipase-mediated acylation resulted in theresolution of specific α-aminonitriles from the pool.In addition, the asymmetric synthesis of discrete β-nitroalkanol derivatives wassimply achieved, resulting in high yields and high enantiomeric purities through the direct one-pot procedure. Moreover, racemase type activity oflipase enzyme through N-substituted α-aminonitrile structure has been discovered. By use of control experiments together with molecular modeling,the mechanism of the racemization process has been established. Asymmetric synthesis of N-methyl α-aminonitriles was also performed through the dualfunction of lipase, resulting in high yield and good enantio selectivity. / <p>QC 20100818</p>

Aus der Studie und den Ergebnissen können wertvolle Impulse abgeleitet werden. Es darf nicht aus den Augen verloren werden, dass junge Menschen mit traumatisierenden Erfahrungen spezifische Perspektiven (Kenny, Dooley, & Fitzgerald, 2016) und Bedenken in Bezug auf die Vertrauenswürdigkeit von KI (Grasser, 2020) haben können. Demzufolge ist wichtig, die subjektive Sicherheit sowie andere Einflussgrößen auf die Nutzung von KI und E-Health Angeboten zu kennen und in Betracht zu ziehen. Ferner zeigen Studien, dass E-Health Literacy (E-Health-Kompetenz) bei minderjährigen Geflüchteten eher gering ist (Bergmann, Nilsson, Dahlberg, Jaensson, & Wångdahl, 2021) und Forschung zur Erhöhung des Uptake von qualitativ hochwertigen Angeboten dringend benötigt wird. Die Integration der Zielgruppe kann jedoch nur dann gelingen, wenn die E-Health-Apps als wichtig erkannt werden und bei ihrer Umsetzung darauf geachtet wird, dass sie praktikabel sind. [Aus: Zusammenfassung]