Made available in DSpace on 2016-03-15T19:45:28Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Maria Carolina Bottura.pdf: 1342340 bytes, checksum: dff3238edb55f0b2a119d54378f6f252 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-02-27 / The present work analyses the ways that the newspaper O Estado de São Paulo, in its virtual and printed versions, treated, in June 2nd 2010, the accident that occurred in April 20th 2010, involving the oil extraction platform in deep water Deepwater Horizon run by the British company British Petroleum, in the Mexican Gulf (EUA), as well as the perception of possible differences between the two publications. Anchored in reading procedures and analysis proposed by the speech analysis and privileging the notion of dialogism developed by the Russian theorist Mikhail Bakhtin, the work focuses on the way the readers are taken into consideration by O Estado de São Paulo printed and virtual, the readers profiles of both publications, verbal and visual resources which the publications are made of according to the readers intelligibility and adherence to the launched ideas in the texts and the linguistics and visual resources in which the publications are supported to attend their own ideological and commercial objectives and of their announcers. / O presente trabalho analisa maneiras como o jornal O Estado de São Paulo em suas versões virtual e impressa trataram, em 02 de junho de 2010, o acidente ocorrido em 20 de abril de 2010 envolvendo a plataforma de extração de petróleo em águas profundas Deepwater Horizon operada pela empresa inglesa British Petroleum, no Golfo do México (EUA), bem como a percepção de possíveis diferenças entre as duas publicações. Ancorado em procedimentos de leitura e de análise propostos pela análise do discurso e privilegiando a noção de dialogismo desenvolvida pelo teórico russo Mikhail Bakhtin, o trabalho foca a forma como os leitores são levados em consideração por O Estado de S. Paulo impresso e virtual, os perfis dos leitores de ambas as publicações, os recursos verbais e visuais de que se valem as publicações com vistas à inteligibilidade e adesão dos leitores às idéias lançadas nos textos e os recursos linguísticos e visuais em que as publicações se apoiam para atender seus próprios objetivos ideológicos, comerciais e os de seus anunciantes.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-26T18:17:18Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Luis Fernando Lopes.pdf: 7486308 bytes, checksum: 40531444490cbe31fc26bdc943fee830 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-06-30 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / A political cartoon both as text and discursive genre inserted into the printed media can mobilize in its textualization more than one language at the same time: verbal language (the written word) and other nonverbal languages (drawings, colors, shapes and the diagrammatical combinatory arrangement of all these elements). In that sense, this research aims at analysing the articulation of syncretic verbal language and visual language of political cartoons published by a reputable mass communication vehicle, to examine the textualization process implied in the political cartoons as one more opinion text present in printed newspaper, thus contributing to understanding its sense effects. For that proposition, the newspaper Folha de S.Paulo was used as a corpus (especially its political cartoons printed on page A2 entitled Opinion which had as their core theme the public security crisis that burst in May, 2006 with the attacks carried out by the Primeiro Comando da Capital PCC (the Capital s First Command) showing the discursive relationships interacting in the construction of sense as to the cartoon texts published in that printed media vehicle. This work also has the intention to form a important historical register with all political cartoons that were published and related to the public security crisis that burst in May, 2006 with the attacks carried out by the PCC / A charge como texto e gênero discursivo inserido no jornal impresso pode mobilizar, simultaneamente, em sua textualização, mais de uma linguagem: a verbal (da palavra escrita) e outras não-verbais (do desenho, do traço, das formas, das cores e dos arranjos diagramático e combinatório de todos esses elementos). Nesse sentido, este trabalho de pesquisa tem por finalidade analisar a articulação da linguagem sincrética verbal e visual das charges publicadas num importante veículo de comunicação de massa, no intuito de se verificar o processo de textualização da charge como mais um texto de opinião presente no jornal impresso, contribuindo, dessa forma, para a compreensão dos seus efeitos de sentido. Para tal empreendimento, tomar-se-á, portanto, como corpus de análise o jornal Folha de S.Paulo (em específico suas charges veiculadas na página A2 intitulada Opinião que tiveram como tema central a crise de segurança pública deflagrada em maio/2006 pelos ataques do PCC), evidenciando as relações discursivas que interagiram para a construção do sentido quanto aos textos chargísticos publicados nessa mídia impressa. Além da evidenciação das mencionadas relações, este trabalho também tem por objetivo compor um importante registro histórico de todas as charges publicadas com a temática da crise de segurança pública deflagrada pelo PCC, especificamente quanto às três fortes ondas de ataque que ocorreram a partir de maio/2006

本論文以語意學、認知語言學及心理語言學的觀點，探討中文名詞的多義現象。本篇論文討論詞彙多重意義的語言及心理語言表徵，並研究詞義如何在心理詞彙庫中被擷取。 文中藉由認知語言學者Tuggy（1993）所提出的認知語意架構，及詞彙語意學中「同形異義詞（homonymy）」、「一詞多義（polysemy）」及「模糊意義（vagueness）」等觀念之區辨，探索詞義之本質。本文所談之意義（sense）根據Ahrens（1999）之定義有以下三個特性：（1）意義非轉喻（metonymy）或部分/全體（meronymy）之延伸，但可以是隱喻性延伸；（2）意義之間的延伸關係無法由在同類名詞中直接以規律獲得；（3）除非特意，一詞的不同意義不會在同一語境中同時出現。 針對詞彙辨識歷程的語意效應，本論文有三大研究主題--意義數目效應、意義相關性效應及相對意義頻率效應。各效應之預測如下：「意義數目效應」認為意義數目較多的詞彙在詞彙判斷作業（lexical decision tasks）中比較容易辨識；「意義相關性效應」認為當一個詞的意義之間的相關性較高時，該詞的辨識時間亦會較快；「相對意義頻率效應」則認為一個詞意義之間頻率差異程度越小，該詞越有歧義之特質，也因此越容易辨識。 本研究旨在以實證方式探討這些語意向度在詞彙辨識歷程中所扮演的角色。由受試者提供200個中文名詞的意義並決定意義間的相關性；進行電腦詞彙判斷作業，得到辨識每個詞所需的反應時間；再由統計考驗反應時間來驗證各效應。 本研究結果發現只有「意義數目效應」達顯著水準，意義數目較多的詞彙在詞彙判斷作業中比較容易辨識。此一效應支持心理詞彙庫的隨機觸接模型（random access model）及平行觸接模型（parallel access model）並駁斥「序列搜尋模型（serial access model）」。 / This thesis studies the multiple senses of Chinese nominals from semantic, cognitive linguistic, and psycholinguistic viewpoints. It discusses the linguistic and psycholinguistic representations of a word's multiple senses, and the access of these senses in the mental lexicon. The nature of lexical meaning is examined by discussing lexical semantic notions such as homonymy, polysemy, and vagueness, and by introducing Tuggy's (1993) cognitive linguistic representation of a word's multiple lexical meanings. The "senses" of a word are defined according to the lexical semantic theory of Ahrens (1999) as having three properties: (1) A sense is not an instance of metonymic or meronymic extension, but may be an instance of metaphorical extension. (2) The extension links between two senses cannot be inherited by a class of nouns. (3) Senses cannot appear in the same context (unless the complexity is triggered). This thesis specifically looks into three semantic effects on word recognition, including the word's number-of-sense (NOS) effect, the effect of sense relatedness, and the effect of relative sense frequency. The predictions of these effects are as follows: The NOS effect predicts that words with more senses are recognized faster than those with fewer senses. The effect of sense relatedness predicts that words with more closely related senses are easier to recognize than those with distantly related senses. The effect of relative sense frequency predicts that words with equal sense frequencies are more easily recognized than words with unequal sense frequencies. This research aims at empirically verifying these three effects during the recognition of isolated lexical items. Subjects generate the senses of 200 Chinese nominals, and rate the relatedness among these senses. Lexical decision tasks are conducted to obtain the reaction times required to recognize each stimulus item. The semantic effects are verified by comparing the reaction times of different groups of experimental stimuli. The experimental results confirm only the NOS effect, giving support to the random and parallel access models of lexical access, and refuting the serial access model of the mental lexicon.