Spelling suggestions: "subject:"ensory etimulation"" "subject:"ensory estimulation""
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State and stimulus dependence in the Drosophila OFF motion detection pathway reveal how adaptive temporal properties support visual processingKohn, Jessica January 2021 (has links)
Sensory systems flexibly adapt their processing properties across a wide range of environmental and behavioral conditions. Such variable processing complicates attempts to extract mechanistic understanding of sensory computations. This is evident in the highly constrained, canonical Drosophila motion detection circuit, where the core computation underlying direction selectivity is still debated despite extensive studies. Here, I use the high temporal resolution method of in vivo whole-cell patch clamp electrophysiology to measure the filtering properties of neural inputs to the OFF motion-detecting T5 cell in Drosophila.
I find state and stimulus dependent changes in the shape of these signals, which become more biphasic under specific conditions. Summing these inputs within the framework of a connectomic-constrained model of the circuit demonstrates that these changes in shape are sufficient to explain T5 responses to various motion stimuli. Thus, my stimulus and state dependent measurements reconcile motion computation with the anatomy of the circuit. These findings provide a clear example of how a basic circuit supports flexible sensory computation.
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Multidimensional encoding of context in auditory cortexShymkiv, Yuriy January 2022 (has links)
The brain is a complex system that seamlessly solves intricate problems with unprecedented efficiency. Part of the brain’s task is gathering sensory information from its environment, processing and representing it in a highly efficient manner. One of the key mechanisms used by sensory pathways is to process information by its context, disregarding redundancies and selectively focusing on novelty (deviance/change detection). A quantitative measure for how well the brain can detect novel stimuli is measured with the oddball paradigm and the mismatch negativity component (MMN). Deficits in context modulation and reduced MMN components are associated with mental disorders such as schizophrenia.
Typically, oddball studies are done with coarse recording methods like EEG and MEG, and the network response dynamics underlying novelty detection is still unclear. In this work we used two-photon calcium imaging in awake mice listening to acoustic oddball stimuli, and recorded from large populations of neurons in primary and secondary auditory cortex (AC). We analyzed single cell and population representations of contextual information and found robust context modulation across all recorded AC regions. Responses to redundant stimuli were strongly suppressed while those to novel stimuli amplified. Furthermore, responses to identical stimuli in deviant, neutral, or redundant contexts were encoded by distinct populations of neurons, indicating an even stronger context encoding than seen in average population activity.
Finally, we found that stimulus complexity also has an effect on where and to what extent context information is most robustly expressed. A2 was the most engaged in context processing for simple tones, while for complex frequency gratings A1 was doing novelty detection to the largest extent. My results provide a circuit basis for novelty detection in the auditory cortex, as a stepping stone to understand how processing of sensory stimuli is carried out by the brain.
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The psychological impact of Kangaroo Mother Care (KMC) : a review of the literatureO'Brien, Shannon 12 1900 (has links)
Thesis (MA)--Stellenbosch University, 2004. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: his review examines the literature on the psychological impact of Kangaroo Mother
Care (KMC) on the mother, infant, support personnel and other caretakers. The paper
summarizes the findings of the KMC research and considers the implications of it in
light of high numbers of premature and low birth weight infants in South Africa. The
review briefly considers theories of bonding and attachment adopted in the research
and theories on why KMC is effective.
The psychological impact of one component of KMC, Skin-to-Skin Care (SSC), used
primarily in developed countries to supplement traditional care, has been extensively
researched. In contrast, much less research has explored the psychological impact of
full KMC programmes in developing countries. Our understanding of the
psychological impact of KMC therefore relies predominantly on research from a very
different context to the one in which KMC is used. As SSC has been utilised very
differently to KMC and in first world settings, it cannot offer mothers or their family
reliable information on the psychological demands and benefits ofKMC.
Findings: Although KMC appears to offer invaluable physiological benefits and
assists in 'humanising' neonatal care in important ways, there is currently very little
published research on the short or long-term psychological impact of KMC on the
mother, infant, support personnel and other caretakers. On the whole, research
findings on the psychological impact of KMC were not conclusive but indicate some
positive outcomes for increased maternal sensitivity and confidence, developmental
benefits for the infant and an improvement in the clarity of infants' cues and
communication with caregiver. Findings on the psychological impact of KMC for
support personnel and other caretakers such as the family of the infant are also not
conclusive and indicate that more research is necessary. Further research is required
regarding cross-cultural experiences of KMC; maternal experiences of depression,
anxiety and ambivalence; long-term developmental and attachment outcomes for the
infant and the possible preventative value of KMC for maternal and infant mental
health. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Hierdie hersiening ondersoek die literatuur aangaande die sielkundige uitwerking van
Kangaroo Mother Care (KMC) op die ma, suigeling, ondersteunende personeel en
ander opsigters. Die artikel is 'n opsomming van die uitspraak van KMC navorsing en
oorweeg die gevolgtrekkings daarvan ten opsigte van die hoe getal vroeggebore en lae
ligaamsgewig van suigelinge wat in Suid-Afrika gebore is. Die hersiening kyk kortliks
na die teorie verbonde aan die binding en gehegtheid van die navorsing en teorie oor
hoekom KMC doeltreffend is.
Die sielkundige uitwerking van een onderdeel van KMC, Skin-to-Skin Care (SSC),
wat meestal in gevorderde lande gebruik word om tradisionele versorg te verryk, is
deeglik ondersoek. Inteendeel is ver minder navorsing op die sielkundige uitwerking
van volle KMC programme in ontwikellende lande gedoen. Dus is ons begrip van die
sielkundige uitwerking van KMC afhanklik op navorsing vanuit 'n ander konteks as
die een waarin die eintlik gebruik is. SSC word baie anders benut as KMC, en in
eerstewereldkontekste kan dit dus nie veel betroubare inligting op die sielkundige
vereistes en voordele van KMC verskaf nie.
Bevindings: Al kom dit voor dat KMC waardevolle sielkundige voordele verskaf en
help in geboorte nasorg op belangrike maniere, is daar huidiglik baie min navorsing
op druk oor die kort- of die langtermyn sielkundige uitwerking van KMC op die ma,
suigeling, ondersteunende personeel en ander oppassers. In die algemeen, is die
bevindings van navorsing oor die sielkundige uitwerking van KMC nie volkome nie,
maar dui positiewe uitslae aan op verhoogde moederlike gevoelens en selfvertroue.
Navorsing dui ook ontwikkelingsvoordele vir die suigeling, asook die bevordering van
die duidelikheid van sy kommunikasie met die oppasser. Bevindings op die
sielkundige uitwerking van KMC op die ondersteunende personeel en ander
oppassers, byvoorbeeld familielede van die suigeling, is ook nie volkome nie, en dui
die nodigheid van verdere navorsing aan. Verdere navorsing oor die kruiskulturele
ervaring van KMC, moederlike ondervinding van moedeloosheid, angs en
dubbelsinnigheid is benodig. Langtermyn ontwikkeling en gehegtigheidsake vir die suigeling en die
moontlike voorkomende waarde van KMC vir moederlike en suigeling se geestelike
gesondheid is ook wel benodig.
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Sensory experience to promote well-being a health club designJezierski, Amelia C. (Amelia Christina) January 1992 (has links)
Thesis (M. Arch.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Architecture, 1992. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 101-104). / Potentially, health clubs can be rejuvenating and pleasant places. Unfortunately, many clubs in Boston are merely monotonous rooms stuffed into any available space downtown. Or, they are overwhelming, disorienting facilities sprawled out in suburban locales accessible only by car. The proposed site locates a facility at a T-stop. The health experience can be made more varied yet comprehensive by increasing users' awareness of sensory experiences in their surroundings. Movements, actions are grouped into a section according to what the body senses while engaged in an activity. These associations or common denominators assign particular qualities and characteristics to each section and make them distinguishable and different from one another. These juxtaposed differences provide contrast and variety needed to increase sensory awareness and stimulate the human body and mind. / by Amelia C. Jezierski. / M.Arch.
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How the Listener Half of Naming Leads to Multiple Stimulus ControlLo, Crystal January 2016 (has links)
In Experiment I, I tested for the demonstration of Naming after presentation of Naming experiences that included an additional sensory experience (i.e., auditory non-speech stimulus) not presented during previous Naming studies. Probes were then conducted to test for the 4 dependent variables: 1) presence of listener half of Naming to visual stimuli, 2) the presence of the speaker half of Naming to visual stimuli, 3) the presence of the listener half of Naming to auditory non-speech stimuli, and 4) the presence of the speaker half of Naming to auditory non-speech stimuli. Following the first round of probes, all 6 participants demonstrated the listener half of Naming for visual stimuli, indicating that visual stimuli functioned as conditioned reinforcement for observing. In addition, following 3-4 probe sessions with the same set of stimuli, all participants emitted criterion-level responses for each of the four dependent variables.
In Experiment II, using a multiple probe design across participants with participants who demonstrated conditioned reinforcement for observing visual stimuli, I tested whether repeated probes with sets of stimuli as an intervention would function to establish conditioned reinforcement for spoken and non-spoken auditory stimuli. In addition, I conducted two sets of probes during each pre and post- intervention probe session, one using a non-contrived stimuli set and another using a contrived stimuli set, to test whether there is a difference in the demonstration of Naming when assessed with non-contrived versus contrived stimuli. Results indicated overall increases in correct untaught listener and speaker responses during post-intervention probe sessions to novel sets of both contrived and non-contrived visual and auditory non-speech stimuli across all participants.
In Experiment III, using a multiple probe design across participants, I tested the effects of the repeated probe procedure on the emergence of Naming for contrived visual and auditory stimuli, with 6 participants who demonstrated full Naming with non-contrived stimuli. During pre-intervention probes, all 6 participants demonstrated the listener half of Naming for contrived visual stimuli, but did not demonstrate the listener half of Naming for contrived auditory stimuli nor the speaker half of Naming for both contrived visual and auditory stimuli. Intervention was conducted in the same way as in Experiment II, but with only contrived stimuli sets. During post-intervention probes, all participants demonstrated criterion-level or close to criterion-level responding for untaught listener and speaker responses with a novel set of contrived visual and auditory stimuli. Results of the three studies combined suggested that simply having the listener component of Naming for visual stimuli and repeated exposures to visual and auditory stimuli may establish stimulus control for spoken and non-spoken contrived auditory stimuli. These increases in stimulus control are educationally significant, as they allow individuals to contact new stimuli in the environment, allowing for possibilities of learning multiple responses as well as multiple features of stimuli. Results also suggested that the demonstration of Naming with contrived stimuli may be a type of Naming cusp that is not necessarily present in individuals who demonstrate Naming with non-contrived stimuli. Educational implications of these findings, limitations, and future research are then discussed.
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The effect of touching on the behavior of elderly personsKiley, Barbara Ann January 1981 (has links)
No description available.
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The effect of arousal on performance in sensation seeking males /Ropeleski, Tom January 1987 (has links)
No description available.
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Simultaneity constancy : unifying the senses across time /Harrar, Vanessa. January 2006 (has links)
Thesis (M.A.)--York University, 2006. Graduate Programme in Psychology. / Typescript. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 70-73). Also available on the Internet. MODE OF ACCESS via web browser by entering the following URL: http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?index=0&did=1240699451&SrchMode=1&sid=15&Fmt=2&VInst=PROD&VType=PQD&RQT=309&VName=PQD&TS=1195058296&clientId=5220
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Effects of sensory motor integration approach in enhancing functional skills of students with severe intellectual and multiple disabilitiesChan, Wai-ching, Florence, January 2005 (has links)
Thesis (M. Ed.)--University of Hong Kong, 2005. / Title proper from title frame. Also available in printed format.
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Predictability of the target stimulus for sensory-guided movement modulates somatosensory cortical potentials /Legon, Wynn. January 2005 (has links)
Thesis (M.Sc.)--York University, 2005. Graduate Programme in Kinesiology and Health Science. / Typescript. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 72-82). Also available on the Internet. MODE OF ACCESS via web browser by entering the following URL: http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url%5Fver=Z39.88-2004&res%5Fdat=xri:pqdiss &rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:MR11836
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