For the past six years a bacterial infection has been the cause of large losses of adult, spawning, American shad (Alosa sapidissima) in the Coos, Millicoma and Smith Rivers of Oregon. There was a sizable commercial fishery for shad in these rivers and losses of fish due to this infection represented an important economic loss to the industry. This study was undertaken to determine the causative agent of the disease and describe the pathology of the disease. Fifteen strains of bacteria were isolated from diseased shad in the Coos, Millicoma, and Smith Rivers. Cultural and morphological studies, physiological reactions, animal infection, serological tests, and determination of the mole percent guanine + cytosine showed that the causative agent belonged in the genus Aeromonas. Since the shad disease isolates could cause "red leg" disease in frogs and "red mouth" disease in trout, they were named Aeromonas hydrophila. The disease was shown to be a bacterial hemorrhagic septicemia. Externally, the diseased shad had large hemorrhagic areas on their sides and reddening of the head and fins. Very little pathology could be seen internally. The causative organism was recovered from the spleen, liver, kidney, heart, blood and external lesions of the diseased animals. A review of the literature revealed that there was confusion in the nomenclature of the three motile species of bacteria included in the genus Aeromonas. Many authors felt that the three species (A. liquefaciens, A. hydrophila, A. punctata) were one distinct species. Comparative tests performed on the shad disease isolates and known cultures of Aeromonas failed to reveal major differences between these organisms. Attempts were made to separate the three species on the basis of the mole percent guanine + cytosine and thermal denaturation temperature (Tm) of the bacterial DNA. Three shad disease isolates had Tm values of 94.3, 94.6, and 94.2��C with corresponding mole percent guanine + cytosine values of 60.9, 61.7, and 60.7. An isolate of Aeromonas liquefaciens obtained from the Communicable Disease Center (CDC) in Atlanta, Georgia had a Tm of 94.1��C and a mole percent guanine + cytosine of 60.3. Aeromonas hydrophila (CDC) had a Tm of 95.4��C and a mole percent guanine + cytosine of 63.4 while A. punctata (CDC) had a Tm of 93.5��C and a mole percent guanine + cytosine value of 59.0. The mole percent guanine + cytosine results indicated that the shad disease bacterium was closely related to A. liquefaciens. The three known cultures of Aeromonas each had a distinct mole percent guanine + cytosine value. / Graduation date: 1968

Thesis (M.D.)--University of Pennsylvania, 1805. / Microform version available in the Readex Early American Imprints series.

Orientador: Morton Aaron Scheinberg / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Biologia / Made available in DSpace on 2018-07-25T06:00:57Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Viner_ElianaPatronChapira_M.pdf: 1726639 bytes, checksum: 53821dfdf9223224697c0d187f6b37ca (MD5) Previous issue date: 1999 / Resumo: Evidencias clínicas e experimentais têm demonstrado que interleucinas proinflamatórias (TNFa, IL-1,IL-6,IL-8) são as mais importantes mediadoras na patogênese da Síndrome Séptica. Elas levam às flutuações de glóbulos brancos, elevações de proteínas de fase aguda como PCR e conseqüentemente a alteração na viscosidade das hemácias(VHS). Uma vez que estes marcadores apresentam comportamento variável em diversos estados clínicos de processos inflamatórios no homem, novos marcadores como a Procalcitonina (PCT) foram sendo descobertos. A PCT é um polipeptídeo de 116 aminoácidos e 13 kDa, é um precursor da calcitonina sem atividade hormonal. Em nosso estudo avaliamos os níveis de PCT, PCR, VHS e contagem do número de glóbulos brancos em 22 pacientes infectados, 12 portadores de infecção severa generalizada (Grupo I) e 10 portadores de patologias crônicas e infecções localizadas (Grupo 11). Os resultados destes pacientes foram comparados aos resultados obtidos em indivíduos sadios do grupo controle. A Procalcitonina mostrou-se útil em diferenciar os grupos estudados de forma significativa ao contrário dos outros elementos que se mostraram inespecíficos / Abstract: Clinical and experimental evidence have demonstrated that proinflammatory interleukines (TNF-a, IL-1,IL-6, IL-8) are the most important mediators in the pathogenesis of the Sepsis Syndrome. They lead to the fluctuation of the white blood cells, a rise in the acute phase proteins as CRP, and of consequence, the alteration in the viscosity of the blood leading to disturbance in the velocity of sedimentation (ESR). One of the new markers showing variation in several clinic conditions is Procalcitonin (PCT) The PCT is a polypeptide of 116 amino acids and 13kDa, it is a precursor of Calcitonin without hormonal activity. In our study we have evaluated the level of PCT, CRP, ESR, and enumerated the number of white blood cells in 22 infected patients, 12 with severe generalized infection (Sepsis)(Group I) and 10 with cronic pathologies and localized infections. The results obtained in healthy individuals of the control group were compared with the ill patients. The Procalcitonin (PCT) was shown to be useful to differentiate the groups studied in a statistic significant way, cO(1trary to the others markers of inflammation described so for that are non specific / Mestrado / Imunologia / Mestre em Ciências Biológicas

The incidence and epidemiology of bacteraemia has been widely reported in the United States and Europe but little data is available from Southern Africa. In addition, most studies have concentrated on the overall incidence of bacteraemia, on individual organisms, or clinical situations, and it is difficult to interpret the data from these studies with regard to community acquired bacteraemia. From a retrospective survey of summaries from a single medical ward at Groote Schuur Hospital it was estimated that bacteraemia accounted for about 4% of the total admissions. It was therefore thought useful to provide clinicians particularly at Groote Schuur Hospital with information about community acquired bacteraemia to improve overall patient management. With this in mind it was decided to undertake a comprehensive prospective study of community acquired bacteraemia at Groote Schuur Hospital.

Orientador: Maria Regina Bentlin / Resumo: INTRODUÇÃO: As infecções primárias de corrente sanguínea (IPCS) são responsáveis por aumento da morbimortalidade em recém-nascidos. OBJETIVOS: Determinar a incidência e a mortalidade das IPCS com confirmação laboratorial, após 72 horas de vida, em função dos agentes etiológicos, avaliar a resistência antimicrobiana dos agentes mais frequentes e rever o esquema de terapia empírica da Unidade. MÉTODOS: Estudo de coorte, retrospectivo, realizado na UTI Neonatal do Hospital das Clínicas - Faculdade de Medicina de Botucatu (UNESP), entre 2014 - 2016, após aprovação do Comitê de Ética. Critérios de inclusão: recém-nascidos com IPCS e hemocultura positiva após 72 horas de vida. Não incluídos agentes contaminantes e o crescimento de estafilococos coagulase negativa (SCoN) em apenas uma hemocultura. A amostra foi constituída por 71 recém-nascidos com 72 hemoculturas positivas. Foram estudadas variáveis maternas, gestacionais e do parto, procedimentos e resistência antimicrobiana. Desfechos: choque séptico e óbito. Os agentes foram comparados em grupos: Gram-positivos e Gram-negativos. Analise estatística: descritiva e comparação entre grupos com testes paramétricos e não paramétricos, com significância estatística de 5%. RESULTADOS: A incidência de IPCS foi de 10,2%, sendo 57% por Gram-positivos, 40% por Gram-negativos e 3% por fungos. A mortalidade foi de 21% e o óbito diretamente relacionado à IPCS ocorreu em 10% dos Gram-positivos e 14% dos Gram-negativos. Ventilação mecânica, uso ... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Mestre

Sepsis is the major cause of mortality on intensive care units (ICU) with ~36,000 deaths annually in the UK. Sepsis is a systemic, dysregulated activation of the innate immune system in response to an infection characterised by excessive inflammatory mediator production and oxidative stress. Mitochondrial dysfunction is implicated in sepsis-­‐induced organ dysfunction and death. Zinc is an essential micronutrient with a multitude of biological functions, including anti-­‐inflammatory and antioxidant properties. A relationship has been established between zinc deficiency and severity of sepsis, in which zinc deficiency negatively influences the processes of sepsis leading to organ damage and ultimately death. This study investigated the effect of zinc on sepsis-­‐related mechanisms to evaluate its importance for sepsis pathophysiology. The relationship between zinc levels and sepsis-­‐related molecular mechanisms were investigated in an endothelial cell culture model of sepsis and in blood samples obtained from patients on ICU with and without sepsis. The in vitro study showed no evidence of zinc as an antioxidant or anti-­‐inflammatory agent in endothelial cells exposed to lipopolysaccharide and peptidoglycan, however mitochondrial baseline function was increased in a zinc concentration-­‐dependent manner. Plasma zinc levels were far below normal in all patients and patients with sepsis had lower levels compared to non-­‐infected patients, possibly because they were overall more severely ill. No clear correlations could be established between plasma zinc and markers of inflammation, oxidative stress or disease severity. The lack of anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties of zinc in the endothelial sepsis model, and the lack of clear correlations between zinc and markers of disease severity, inflammation and oxidative stress in the clinical study, challenges the concept of the importance of zinc in the pathophysiology of sepsis. The prolonged reduction of plasma zinc in all ICU patients prompts to consideration of zinc supplementation to replenish plasma levels and assure sufficient availability to maintain tissue functions.

OBJETIVO: Evidenciar la conducta clínica en el manejo de pacientes con SRIS/Sepsis. DISEÑO: Descriptivo-Observacional LUGAR Servicio de Emergencia del Hospital 2 de Mayo PACIENTES: 245 pacientes seleccionados entre el mes de Abril y Setiembre del 2000 que fueron admitidos a las diferentes salas de Emergencia (Observación, Trauma Shock, Neurocirugía, Traumatología e Intermedios-UCI), de los cuales 198 completaron criterios y 115 presentaron SRIS, de éstos ultimos 38 fueron SRIS no infeccioso y 77 Sepsis y estadios avanzados. MEDIDAS Y RESULTADOS: Se evaluó la presencia de los criterios de SRIS, exámenes auxiliares, diagnósticos clínicos e intención de tratamiento. SRIS se encontró en 115 de los 198 estudiados, de los cuales 3 (8%) fueron efectivamente calificados como SRIS no infeccioso y 48 (62.3%) como Sepsis y estadios más avanzados, 37,3% de los pacientes sépticos principalmente en sepsis severa y falla multiorgánica no fueron definidos . Estos casos fueron definidos en forma temprana en 11/51 (21.6%) y tardía en 22/51 (43%). Los focos infecciosos identificados con mayor frecuencia fueron urinario (36,4%), pulmonar (20.1%) y piel y partes blandas (16.9%).El tratamiento fue catalogado como regular en 39.5% y eficaz en 21% fundamentalmente en UCI. El antibiótico de amplio espectro más usado fue Ceftriaxona (56.5%) CONCLUSIONES: No se utiliza la terminología de SRIS. La definición del estadio de Sepsis Severa y Shock séptico no siempre es registrada. El manejo clínico no es el óptimo.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Rhode Island, 2006. / Typescript. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 162-177).

OBJETIVO: Evidenciar la conducta clínica en el manejo de pacientes con SRIS/Sepsis. DISEÑO: Descriptivo-Observacional LUGAR Servicio de Emergencia del Hospital 2 de Mayo PACIENTES: 245 pacientes seleccionados entre el mes de Abril y Setiembre del 2000 que fueron admitidos a las diferentes salas de Emergencia (Observación, Trauma Shock, Neurocirugía, Traumatología e Intermedios-UCI), de los cuales 198 completaron criterios y 115 presentaron SRIS, de éstos ultimos 38 fueron SRIS no infeccioso y 77 Sepsis y estadios avanzados MEDIDAS Y RESULTADOS: Se evaluó la presencia de los criterios de SRIS, exámenes auxiliares, diagnósticos clínicos e intención de tratamiento. SRIS se encontró en 115 de los 198 estudiados, de los cuales 3 (8%) fueron efectivamente calificados como SRIS no infeccioso y 48 (62.3%) como Sepsis y estadios más avanzados, 37,3% de los pacientes sépticos principalmente en sepsis severa y falla multiorgánica no fueron definidos . Estos casos fueron definidos en forma temprana en 11/51 (21.6%) y tardía en 22/51 (43%). Los focos infecciosos identificados con mayor frecuencia fueron urinario (36,4%), pulmonar (20.1%) y piel y partes blandas (16.9%).El tratamiento fue catalogado como regular en 39.5% y eficaz en 21% fundamentalmente en UCI. El antibiótico de amplio espectro más usado fue Ceftriaxona (56.5%) CONCLUSIONES: No se utiliza la terminología de SRIS. La definición del estadio de Sepsis Severa y Shock séptico no siempre es registrada. El manejo clínico no es el óptimo.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Hong Kong, 2008. / Includes bibliographical references (leaf 102-116) Also available in print.