Este projeto de mestrado tem como objetivo principal construir Web services de modo a permitir a avaliação de desempenho de uma arquitetura denominada WSARCH. A arquitetura WSARCH foi proposta de modo a prover uma infra-estrutura de Web services considerando aspectos de qualidade de serviço (QoS). Este projeto contribui diretamente com o desenvolvimento desta arquitetura, além de auxiliar na sua validação e na realização de estudos de desempenho de suas funcionalidades. Trabalhos preliminares de pesquisa foram desenvolvidos de forma que, além de auxiliar no desenvolvimento da WSARCH, também contribuíram em pesquisas relacionadas com a área de Web services. Destacam-se estudos realizados com anexos em Web services (WS-Attachments) e estudos com operações de pesquisa e publicação em repositórios UDDI. Por fim, foram realizados estudos de avaliação de desempenho com diferentes tipos de aplicação implantados em provedores que compõem a arquitetura WSARCH / This masters degree project has as main objective to build Web services to evaluate the performance of the WSARCH architecture. The WSARCH architecture was proposed aiming at providing Web services infrastructure implementation considering quality of services aspects. This project contributed directly with the development of this architecture, in addition to helping in validation and performance studies of WSARCHs features. Preliminary research work have been developed in order to contribute in research related to Web services besides helping in the development of WSARCH. Among them there are studies of attachments in Web services (WS-Attachments) and studies in research and publishing operations in UDDI repositories. Finally, studies of performance evaluation with different types of applications deployed on service providers that compose the architecture WSARCH

Este trabalho apresenta uma proposta de Arquitetura Orientada a Serviço para desenvolvimento de aplicações com restrições temporais, isto é, aplicações em que o tempo de resposta a uma requisição deve respeitar limites máximos. No desenvolvimento da arquitetura proposta foram considerados os modelos de filas com um único servidor e com múltiplos servidores, por meio da utilização de serviços redundantes e do escalonamento de requisições para melhoria do determinismo no tempo de resposta das requisições efetuadas. Para avaliação da arquitetura proposta foi construído um sistema de testes de forma a ser observado o comportamento do tempo de resposta das requisições em função do número de servidores disponíveis e sua respectiva taxa de utilização. Os resultados obtidos indicam que é possível obter um aumento no determinismo do tempo de resposta das requisições efetuadas (diminuição da dispersão de valores), tendo sido obtidos resultados semelhantes para os dois algoritmos de escalonamento utilizados: por ordem de chegada das requisições e SRPT (Shortest Remaining Processing Time). / This thesis presents a proposal for a Service Oriented Architecture applied to development of time constrained systems, where the timeliness of the results is a major requirement. The development is based on the queuing theory (models using one and multiple servers) and requests scheduling to improve response time determinism. In order to verify the proposal, a test system had been developed to observe the dynamic behavior of the requests response time dispersion according to the number of servers available and associated processing rate. The results obtained show an improvement over the request response time determinism and almost similar performance for the two scheduling algorithms used: request arrival order and SRPT (Shortest Remaining Processing Time).

Os polinizadores prestam um importante serviço no resultado das colheitas e na conservação de ecossistemas. Estima-se que os valores gerados pelos seus serviços somem 200 bilhões de dólares ao ano. Entretanto, a FAO, braço das Nações Unidas para a Agricultura, indica um declínio significativo dos polinizadores, apontando para uma crise de polinização. As ações para a conservação e o uso sustentável dos polinizadores em resposta a esta crise, demandam um significativo suporte das Tecnologias da Informação em várias das suas atividades. Em particular, na integração de diferentes fontes e tipos de dados, que é decorrência da complexidade dos processos biológicos que se pretende entender e manejar, e da velocidade com que essas áreas evoluem. Devido às ações de resposta ao declínio dos polinizadores, a comunidade científica brasileira e internacional, que necessitam de mais acesso aos dados sobre biodiversidade, demandam um novo papel da Webbee, um sistema de informação sobre a biodiversidade brasileira em abelhas nativas. Ela deve incorporar os dados regionais e se integrar às redes de dados globais sobre biodiversidade como referência em informações sobre espécies e espécimes de abelhas nativas brasileiras, e de polinização por estas abelhas. Visando proporcionar uma fundamentação para o desenvolvimento de ferramentas que atendam esses requisitos de integração e de interoperabilidade para a Webbee, é proposta uma arquitetura orientada a serviços que adota as ferramentas de padronização e de comunicação de dados sobre biodiversidade utilizados e mantidos por entidades internacionais, tais como GBIF, IABIN-PTN e TDWG. Dada a importância da interação para o processo de polinização, e devido à ausência de um padrão específico para a troca deste tipo de dado, um esquema conceitual de dados de interação entre espécimes foi desenvolvido em um processo iterativo com a participação da comunidade científica via TDWG. Este esquema é a base de um estudo de caso proposto para a realização de provas de conceito, sob a forma de uma ferramenta de digitalização, catalogação e publicação de dados sobre espécimes e interação entre eles. / Pollinators provide an important service in agriculture and the conservation of ecosystems. It is estimated that the values generated by their services reach 200 billion dollars a year. However, the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations indicates a significant decline of pollinators, pointing to a \"crisis of pollination. The actions for the conservation and sustainable use of pollinators in response to this crisis demand significant support from Information Technology. Particularly, in the integration of diverse sources and type of data, that is a consequence of the complexity of the biological processes that one strives to understand and manage, and of the high speed at which area evolves. As a response to the pollinators decline, the international and Brazilian scientific communities, that need greater access to biodiversity data, demand a new role to Webbee, an information systems about the Brazilian biodiversity on native bees. It should incorporate regional data and integrate to global biodiversity data networks as a reference for information on species and specimens of Brazilian native bees, and pollination by those bees. Aiming to provide a foundation for the development of tools that meet these requirements of integration and interoperability of Webbee, it is proposed a service-oriented architecture based on tools and services for standardization and communication of biodiversity data used by international entities such as GBIF, IABIN-PTN and TDWG. Given the importance of interaction in the pollination process, and due to the absence of specific standards for the exchange of such data, a conceptual data schema about interaction between specimens was developed in an iterative process involving the scientific community via TDWG. This schema is the base of a case study proposed to conduct a proof of concept, in the form of a tool for digitization, cataloging and publishing data on specimens and interactions between them.

Com a crescente adoção do conceito de Arquitetura Orientada a Serviços (SOA) pelas organizações, torna-se necessário solucionar um dos principais desafios trazidos por este estilo arquitetural, que é a análise e projeto de serviços. Alguns métodos de análise e projeto de soluções orientadas a serviços vêm sendo propostos, mas ainda estão longe de convergir em direção a uma padronização. Este trabalho realiza uma avaliação crítica dos métodos existentes e levanta um conjunto de requisitos de análise e projeto orientado a serviços. Baseado nesta análise, é proposto um método para unificar as boas práticas dos métodos existentes e atender aos requisitos levantados. Para verificar a aplicabilidade do método, dois estudos de caso foram conduzidos em projetos reais. / With the growing adoption of Service-Oriented Architeture (SOA) by the organizations, it becomes necessary to address one of the main challenges imposed by this architetural style, which is services analysis and design. Some service-oriented applications analysis and design methods have been proposed, but have not yet converged towards standardization. This work performs a critical assessment of existing methods and describes a set of requirements of service-oriented analysis and design. Based on that study, a new method is proposed to unify the best practices of existing methods and satisfy the gathered requirements. In order to verify the applicability of the method, two case studies were conducted in real projects.

Este projeto de mestrado tem como objetivo principal construir Web services de modo a permitir a avaliação de desempenho de uma arquitetura denominada WSARCH. A arquitetura WSARCH foi proposta de modo a prover uma infra-estrutura de Web services considerando aspectos de qualidade de serviço (QoS). Este projeto contribui diretamente com o desenvolvimento desta arquitetura, além de auxiliar na sua validação e na realização de estudos de desempenho de suas funcionalidades. Trabalhos preliminares de pesquisa foram desenvolvidos de forma que, além de auxiliar no desenvolvimento da WSARCH, também contribuíram em pesquisas relacionadas com a área de Web services. Destacam-se estudos realizados com anexos em Web services (WS-Attachments) e estudos com operações de pesquisa e publicação em repositórios UDDI. Por fim, foram realizados estudos de avaliação de desempenho com diferentes tipos de aplicação implantados em provedores que compõem a arquitetura WSARCH / This masters degree project has as main objective to build Web services to evaluate the performance of the WSARCH architecture. The WSARCH architecture was proposed aiming at providing Web services infrastructure implementation considering quality of services aspects. This project contributed directly with the development of this architecture, in addition to helping in validation and performance studies of WSARCHs features. Preliminary research work have been developed in order to contribute in research related to Web services besides helping in the development of WSARCH. Among them there are studies of attachments in Web services (WS-Attachments) and studies in research and publishing operations in UDDI repositories. Finally, studies of performance evaluation with different types of applications deployed on service providers that compose the architecture WSARCH

O processo de elaboração, execução, coleta e análise de dados de experimentos ambientais com abelhas utilizando meios computacionais como suporte a pesquisa, é uma atividade complexa por exigir do pesquisador conhecimentos específicos aos quais ele não foi preparado para atuar. Laboratórios virtuais conhecidos como Weblabs são ferramentas de apoio a pesquisa, pois permitem a realização de experimentos sem a necessidade da presença física da equipe de pesquisadores. O modelo matemático utilizado junto com a sua interpretação são partes do experimento, porém não são tratados dessa maneira atualmente nos Weblabs. Este trabalho propõe a especificação de uma arquitetura de referência a ser empregada como modelo para permitir o desenvolvimento de componentes que disponibilizem serviços com a capacidade de efetuar a integração de dados coletados por meio de experimentos científicos executados com o auxílio dos Weblabs com ferramentas especialistas voltadas a experimentos ambientais e de biodiversidade. A especificação é baseada no paradigma de arquitetura orientada a serviços, permitindo o gerenciamento de análise de experimentos utilizando Weblabs e disponibilizando os serviços especificados para funcionamento em ambientes distribuídos. Este modelo é a base para um estudo de caso com a elaboração de uma prova de conceito, por meio do desenvolvimento de um componente que publique, disponibilize e integre os dados coletados em um Weblab com uma ferramenta especialista em análises ambientais. / The preparation, execution, collection and closing of an experiment using computational means to support the research, is a complex activity because it requires specific knowledge of the researcher to whom he was not prepared to act. WebLabs are known support tools to researchers, because they allow performing experiments without the physical presence of the research team. Among the activities undertaken by the researcher, after collecting data, performs the analysis of data, in which mathematical and statistical models are applied to interpret the data. In a Weblab experiments are performed through web in remote laboratories, and also needed to analyze the data obtained with the data collection. The mathematical model used along with their interpretation are events that are part of the experiment, but are not treated that way today in Weblabs. This paper proposes the specification of reference architecture to be used as a template to allow the development of components that provide services with the ability to make the integration of data collected through scientific experiments carried out with the help of weblabs with tools aimed at environmental and biodiversity experiments. The specification is based on the paradigm of service oriented architecture, allowing management analysis using Weblab experiments and providing the services specified for operation in distributed environments. This model is the basis for a case study with the development of a proof of concept, through development of a component that publishes and distributes and integrates the data collected in a Weblab with a special tool in environmental analysis.

Multi-agent systems are a new computational approach for solving real world, dynamic and open system problems. Problems are conceptualized as a collection of decentralised autonomous agents that collaborate to reach the overall solution. Because of the agents autonomy, their limited rationality, and the distributed nature of most real world problems, the key issue in multi-agent system research is how to model interactions between agents. Negotiation models have emerged as suitable candidates to solve this interaction problem due to their decentralised nature, emphasis on mutual selection of an action, and the prevalence of negotiation in real social systems. The central problem addressed in this thesis is the design and engineering of a negotiation model for autonomous agents for sharing tasks and/or resources. To solve this problem a negotiation protocol and a set of deliberation mechanisms are presented which together coordinate the actions of a multiple agent system. In more detail, the negotiation protocol constrains the action selection problem solving of the agents through the use of normative rules of interaction. These rules temporally order, according to the agents' roles, communication utterances by specifying both who can say what, as well as when. Specifically, the presented protocol is a repeated, sequential model where offers are iteratively exchanged. Under this protocol, agents are assumed to be fully committed to their utterances and utterances are private between the two agents. The protocol is distributed, symmetric, supports bi and/or multi-agent negotiation as well as distributive and integrative negotiation. In addition to coordinating the agent interactions through normative rules, a set of mechanisms are presented that coordinate the deliberation process of the agents during the ongoing negotiation. Whereas the protocol normatively describes the orderings of actions, the mechanisms describe the possible set of agent strategies in using the protocol. These strategies are captured by a negotiation architecture that is composed of responsive and deliberative decision mechanisms. Decision making with the former mechanism is based on a linear combination of simple functions called tactics, which manipulate the utility of deals. The latter mechanisms are subdivided into trade-off and issue manipulation mechanisms. The trade-off mechanism generates offers that manipulate the value, rather than the overall utility, of the offer. The issue manipulation mechanism aims to increase the likelihood of an agreement by adding and removing issues into the negotiation set. When taken together, these mechanisms represent a continuum of possible decision making capabilities: ranging from behaviours that exhibit greater awareness of environmental resources and less to solution quality, to behaviours that attempt to acquire a given solution quality independently of the resource consumption. The protocol and mechanisms are empirically evaluated and have been applied to real world task distribution problems in the domains of business process management and telecommunication management. The main contribution and novelty of this research are: i) a domain independent computational model of negotiation that agents can use to support a wide variety of decision making strategies, ii) an empirical evaluation of the negotiation model for a given agent architecture in a number of different negotiation environments, and iii) the application of the developed model to a number of target domains. An increased strategy set is needed because the developed protocol is less restrictive and less constrained than the traditional ones, thus supporting development of strategic interaction models that belong more to open systems. Furthermore, because of the combination of the large number of environmental possibilities and the size of the set of possible strategies, the model has been empirically investigated to evaluate the success of strategies in different environments. These experiments have facilitated the development of general guidelines that can be used by designers interested in developing strategic negotiating agents. The developed model is grounded from the requirement considerations from both the business process management and telecommunication application domains. It has also been successfully applied to five other real world scenarios.

Recentemente, por conta do dinamismo existente no ambiente de negócio no qual as organizações devem adequar-se mais rapidamente às mudanças, os Sistemas de Informação (SIs) precisam também adequar-se para continuar agregando valor. Diante desse cenário e do uso de serviços eletrônicos distribuídos na rede para o desenvolvimento de sistemas, faz-se necessário o surgimento de novas abordagens em engenharia de sistemas. Sendo assim, surge a disciplina de Engenharia de Requisitos Orientada a Serviços (EROS) que trata da definição de processos e metodologias para captar os requisitos de serviços tanto do ponto de vista de consumidores de serviço quanto de fornecedores de serviço. No contexto de EROS, este trabalho explora alternativas às descrições sugeridas para os metamodelos RGPS (do inglês: Role, Goal, Process and Service) uma abordagem em EROS propondo uma nova definição que visa, principalmente, incorporar à RGPS as vantagens de outros modelos já estabelecidos na literatura. Sendo assim, a nova abordagem aqui proposta, chamada de WS&i*-RGPS, para a descrição das camadas Papel e Meta, propõe o uso do framework i*. E, para a descrição das camadas Processo e Serviço, a nova abordagem propõe o uso de WS-BPEL/WSDL. Esse trabalho apresenta também uma comparação sistemática entre a abordagem WS&i*-RGPS e outras abordagens semelhantes identificadas na literatura EROS. A comparação sistemática entre as abordagens em EROS, incluindo a nova abordagem aqui proposta, considera três parâmetros comparativos e identifica que a abordagem WS&i*-RGPS cobre mais parâmetros que as abordagens em EROS que se baseiam nos metamodelos RGPS, indicando que WS&i*-RGPS é uma alternativa melhor às soluções inicialmente propostas pelos autores dos metamodelos RGPS. / Due to the recent business environment dynamism in which organizations must quickly adapt to the changes, Information Systems also need to adapt to these changes in order to keep adding value. Taking into account this scenario and the use of electronic services distributed on the network to develop systems, the advent of new approaches in Systems Engineering is necessary. Therefore, a new discipline, Service-Oriented Requirements Engineering (SORE), was proposed, which deals with the definition of processes and methodologies in order to capture services requirements beneath two different perspectives: service consumers and service providers. In SORE context, this work aims at exploring some alternatives for those descriptions proposed by the Role, Goal, Process and Service (RGPS) meta-models, proposing a new approach called WS&i*-RGPS in order to incorporate to RGPS the advantages of other models well established in the literature. Accordingly, in order to describe the Role and Goal layers, this new approach proposes the use of the i* framework. Additionally, in order to describe the Process and Service layers, this new approach proposes the use of WS-BPEL/WSDL languages. This work also presents a systematic comparison among SORE approaches, including WS&i*-RGPS. This comparison considers three comparative parameters and identifies that WS&i*-RGPS covers more parameters than other approaches in SORE that uses RGPS metamodels. These results indicates WS&i*-RGPS as a better alternative comparing it to other RGPS approaches.

In this thesis, we first propose a distributed QoS evaluation framework for Web services, named WS-DREAM. Inspired by the recent success of Web 2.0, our evaluation framework employs the concept of user-collaboration. In our framework, users in different geographic locations collaborative with each other to evaluate the target Web services and share their observed Web service QoS information. Based on our Web service evaluation framework, several large-scale distributed evaluations are conducted on 5,825 real-world Web services and the detailed evaluation results are publicly released for future research. / The predicted Web service QoS values can be employed to build fault-tolerant service-oriented systems. In the area of service computing, the cost for developing multiple redundant components is greatly reduced, since the functionally equivalent Web services are provided by different organizations and are accessible via Internet. Hence, based on the predicted QoS values, we propose two methods for building fault tolerance Web services. Firstly, we propose an adaptive fault tolerance strategy for Web services. Then, we present an optimal fault tolerance strategy selection framework for Web services. / Web service evaluation is time and resource consuming. Moreover, in some scenarios, Web service evaluation may not be possible (e.g., the Web service invocation is charged, too many service candidate, etc.). Therefore, Web service QoS prediction approaches are becoming more and more attractive. In order to prediction the Web service QoS as accurate as possible, we propose three prediction methods. The first prediction method employs the information of neighborhoods for making missing value prediction. The second method engages matrix factorization techniques to enhance the prediction accuracy. The third method predicts the ranking of the target Web services instead of QoS values. / Web service is becoming a major technique for building loosely-coupled distributed systems. Service-oriented architecture (SOA) has been widely employed in e-business, e-government, automotive systems, multimedia services, process control, finance, and a lot of other domains. Quality-of-Service (QoS) is usually employed for describing the non-functional characteristics of Web services and employed as an important differentiating point of different Web services. With the prevalence of Web services on the Internet, Web service QoS management is becoming more and more important. / Zheng, Zibin. / Adviser: Michael R. Lyu. / Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 73-04, Section: B, page: . / Thesis (Ph.D.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2011. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 184-198). / Electronic reproduction. Hong Kong : Chinese University of Hong Kong, [2012] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web. / Electronic reproduction. [Ann Arbor, MI] : ProQuest Information and Learning, [201-] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web. / Abstract also in Chinese.

Recentemente, por conta do dinamismo existente no ambiente de negócio no qual as organizações devem adequar-se mais rapidamente às mudanças, os Sistemas de Informação (SIs) precisam também adequar-se para continuar agregando valor. Diante desse cenário e do uso de serviços eletrônicos distribuídos na rede para o desenvolvimento de sistemas, faz-se necessário o surgimento de novas abordagens em engenharia de sistemas. Sendo assim, surge a disciplina de Engenharia de Requisitos Orientada a Serviços (EROS) que trata da definição de processos e metodologias para captar os requisitos de serviços tanto do ponto de vista de consumidores de serviço quanto de fornecedores de serviço. No contexto de EROS, este trabalho explora alternativas às descrições sugeridas para os metamodelos RGPS (do inglês: Role, Goal, Process and Service) uma abordagem em EROS propondo uma nova definição que visa, principalmente, incorporar à RGPS as vantagens de outros modelos já estabelecidos na literatura. Sendo assim, a nova abordagem aqui proposta, chamada de WS&i*-RGPS, para a descrição das camadas Papel e Meta, propõe o uso do framework i*. E, para a descrição das camadas Processo e Serviço, a nova abordagem propõe o uso de WS-BPEL/WSDL. Esse trabalho apresenta também uma comparação sistemática entre a abordagem WS&i*-RGPS e outras abordagens semelhantes identificadas na literatura EROS. A comparação sistemática entre as abordagens em EROS, incluindo a nova abordagem aqui proposta, considera três parâmetros comparativos e identifica que a abordagem WS&i*-RGPS cobre mais parâmetros que as abordagens em EROS que se baseiam nos metamodelos RGPS, indicando que WS&i*-RGPS é uma alternativa melhor às soluções inicialmente propostas pelos autores dos metamodelos RGPS. / Due to the recent business environment dynamism in which organizations must quickly adapt to the changes, Information Systems also need to adapt to these changes in order to keep adding value. Taking into account this scenario and the use of electronic services distributed on the network to develop systems, the advent of new approaches in Systems Engineering is necessary. Therefore, a new discipline, Service-Oriented Requirements Engineering (SORE), was proposed, which deals with the definition of processes and methodologies in order to capture services requirements beneath two different perspectives: service consumers and service providers. In SORE context, this work aims at exploring some alternatives for those descriptions proposed by the Role, Goal, Process and Service (RGPS) meta-models, proposing a new approach called WS&i*-RGPS in order to incorporate to RGPS the advantages of other models well established in the literature. Accordingly, in order to describe the Role and Goal layers, this new approach proposes the use of the i* framework. Additionally, in order to describe the Process and Service layers, this new approach proposes the use of WS-BPEL/WSDL languages. This work also presents a systematic comparison among SORE approaches, including WS&i*-RGPS. This comparison considers three comparative parameters and identifies that WS&i*-RGPS covers more parameters than other approaches in SORE that uses RGPS metamodels. These results indicates WS&i*-RGPS as a better alternative comparing it to other RGPS approaches.