Tesis para optar al grado de Magíster en Tecnologías de la Información / Tradicionalmente una buena parte de los ingresos de las empresas de telecomunicaciones provenía del tráfico de los servicios de voz, pero esta situación ha ido cambiando con los años y actualmente una importante fuente de ingresos proviene de los Servicios de Valor Agregado (SVA). Se definen como SVA, aquellos servicios que no forman parte de la oferta básica de voz y que son usados separadamente por el usuario final. Se utilizan como una herramienta de diferenciación con respecto a otros operadores, como medio para conseguir la lealtad de los clientes y como ya se indicó anteriormente permiten, eventualmente, desarrollar otra línea de ingresos. En la actualidad todos los operadores de servicios de telecomunicaciones tienen la necesidad urgente de desarrollar nuevos SVA para poder rentabilizar sus redes, generar mayores ingresos y enfrentar con éxito a los nuevos competidores los denominados OTT (Over The Top) quienes utilizan la infraestructura de los operadores ya establecidos para acelerar la entrega de servicios y aplicaciones innovadoras que capturan a un importante número de clientes. Para sobrevivir en este escenario, los operadores incumbentes tienen como alternativa abrir sus redes y exponer sus capacidades a través de interfaces estándar que les permitan explotar eficientemente sus activos más valiosos: la Red y la información que generan los usuarios para producir masivamente aplicaciones móviles de próxima generación. Para lograr este objetivo, se han desplegado a lo largo de los años, distintas alternativas tecnológicas que ya no son suficientes para generar nuevos ingresos. Por lo tanto se requiere un enfoque novedoso que facilite la implementación de nuevas prestaciones que entreguen al usuario final una mejor experiencia de servicio. En este contexto la contribución principal de este trabajo de tesis consistió en diseñar e implementar una plataforma centralizada basada en SOA (Service Oriented Architecture), que fusiona las tecnologías propias del dominio de las Telecomunicaciones junto con las arquitecturas provenientes del ámbito de las Tecnologías de la Información que permiten el rápido despliegue, entrega y evolución de servicios de valor agregado en su Red Móvil con el propósito de lanzar al mercado la mayor cantidad de servicios diferenciadores.

Service Oriented Architecture (SOA) is an architecture which provides a single topology for business applications. SOA provides architecture for integration of several applications within or outside of organizations by reusing application components and services. Reusability is one of the mostly emphasized principles and benefits of SOA. Code reusing has been a concern for application developers. However, another way of reusability is reusing software components and services in SOA. By reusing services, a service can be used in more than one business process of service application. By considering the significance of reusability in SOA, a number of studies have been performed, to theoretically identify the factors affecting reusability in SOA. However, a research is needed to perform an empirical research to identify a set of factors affecting reusability in real business situation. The empirical study is performed by an investigation in three different companies in Sweden, which have been customers of a system integration company and have implemented SOA projects. The investigation is done by performing 5 semi-structured interviews with correspondences of those companies, to find more factors affecting reusability from their perspective. As a result, a set of factors derived from the empirical study is identified which reflects the ideas of practitioners in business. By performing a qualitative approach and comparing the factors derived from the empirical study to factors derived from literature study, it is concluded that academic factors constitute just around 40 percent of factors found in business, and they are mostly technical factors. The rest of factors are new factors based on experience of practitioners in business. The new factors are mostly business oriented factors, and have emerged since 2008, when earlier works are performed. Due to the recent maturity of SOA in organizations, the factors affecting reusability have changed, especially during the last four years.

SOC, pour Service-Oriented Computing, est un paradigme d’ingénierie qui a attiré beaucoup de travaux de recherche ces dernières années. Ces travaux ont donné lieu à des architectures, protocoles, et standards, afin de permettre à des développeurs d’exposer des services et d’en réutiliser d’autre publiés par des tiers. Cependant, ces technologies sont actuellement limitées aux besoins des développeurs uniquement. L’utilisateur final n’est malheureusement pas considéré comme un acteur potentiel dans le processus de réutilisation de services. Ainsi, contrairement aux principes Web 2.0 qui mettent l’utilisateur final au cœur du processus de génération de contenus et de services, les technologies actuelles de SOC se focalisent plus sur les développeurs. Dans cette thèse, après une étude approfondie de SOC et son paradigme intrinsèque (SOA pour Service-Oriented Architecture), nous proposons un nouveau paradigme basé sur le concept de Widget : WOA (pour Widget-Oriented Architecture). Ce nouveau paradigme vise à permettre la réutilisation de service centrée sur les besoins de chaque utilisateur (user-centric). Basé sur ce nouveau paradigme, nous introduisons de nouveaux mécanismes qui répondent aux limitations des architectures SOA dans les domaines de la composition de services et de la gestion de processus métiers (BPM pour Business Process Management). Ce travail est validé à travers une implémentation et plusieurs démonstrations/expérimentations. / The last decade has attracted lot of research work in service-oriented computing (soc), giving raise to standardized architectures, protocols, and technologies that enable developers to easily expose and reuse services. however, these technologies do not fully consider the users as potential actors in the creation of services based on existing ones, as advocated in web 2.0 paradigm. in this thesis, after a deep investigation of soc and its intrinsic soa paradigm, we propose a new approach based on widgets. we propose the widget-oriented architecture (woa); a new paradigm to enable a user-centric service reuse. in addition, we introduce new innovative mechanisms based on the woa paradigm to overcome current limitations of soa in service composition and business process management fields. this new paradigm, along with the innovative architecture and mechanisms introduced, has been validated through implementation and testing.

Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI) / Patients and providers need to exchange medical records. Electronic Health Records and Health Information Exchanges leave a patient’s health record fragmented and controlled by the provider. This thesis proposes a Peer-to-Peer Personal Health Record network that can be extended with third-party services. This design enables patient control of health records and the tracing of exchanges. Additionally, as a demonstration of the functionality of a potential third-party, a Hypertension Predictor is developed using MEPS data and deployed as a service in the proposed framework.

Forecasting has its application in various domains as the decision-makers are provided with a more predictable and reliable estimate of events that are yet to occur. Typically, a user would invest in licensed software or subscribe to a monthly or yearly plan in order to make such forecasts. The framework presented here differs from conventional software in forecasting, as it allows any interested party to use the proposed services on a pay-per-use basis so that they can avoid investing heavily in the required infrastructure. The Framework-as-a-Service (FaaS) presented here uses Windows Communication Foundation (WCF) to implement Service-Oriented Architecture (SOA). For forecasting, collection of data, its analysis and forecasting responsibilities lies with users, who have to put together other tools or software in order to produce a forecast. FaaS offers each of these responsibilities as a service, namely, External Data Collection Framework (EDCF), Internal Data Retrieval Framework (IDRF) and Forecast Generation Framework (FGF). FaaS Controller, being a composite service based on the above three, is responsible for coordinating activities between them. These services are accessible through Economic Endpoint (EE) or Technical Endpoint (TE) that can be used by a remote client in order to obtain cost or perform a forecast, respectively. The use of Cloud Computing makes these services available over the network to be used as software to forecast energy for solar or wind resources. These services can also be used as a platform to create new services by merging existing functionality with new service features for forecasting. Eventually, this can lead to faster development of newer services where a user can choose which services to use and pay for, presenting the use of FaaS as Platform-as-a-Service (PaaS) in forecasting. / Master of Science

Ces dernières années, le contexte d'exécution des applications a beaucoup évolué. Nous sommes passés, en moins de 15 ans, d'applications monolithiques et statiques faiblement distribuées à des applications réparties à grande échelle ayant un comportement très dynamique. Les plates-formes d'exécution qui étaient autrefois fermées sont désormais ouvertes à des équipements nomades et aux contextes des utilisateurs comme dans l'informatique ubiquitaire ou la domotique. Les éléments logiciels, dans ce nouveau contexte, peuvent apparaitre ou disparaître de façon imprédictible (ils sont dits « dynamiques ») et sont souvent issus de technologies hétérogènes (Web Service, OSGi, UPnP, etc.). Le caractère imprévisible de l'environnement, et le fait qu'il faille s'y adapter rend, apparemment, les plates-formes d'exécution non déterministes. Il est impératif de pouvoir maîtriser l'évolution des applications dynamiques. Cette thèse définit une plate-forme pour l'exécution répartie de services hétérogènes. Cette plate-forme fournit un modèle homogène de l'état des services à l'exécution et des opérations d'administration du cycle de vie d'un service, indépendamment des plates-formes réelles. Cette plate-forme fournit également des mécanismes qui permettent d'étendre la supervision et l'administration à d'autres préoccupations (déploiement, versionnement, etc.). Les propriétés d'introspection et de réflexion ainsi obtenues permettent de contrôler l'évolution à l'exécution de l'architecture d'une application et par là même de maîtriser les applications dynamiques. Cette thèse fournit un prototype d'une telle plate-forme nommée SAM-RT. / During recent years, the execution context of modern applications has evolved. We have moved, in less than 15 years, from monolithic and static applications that were weakly distributed to large-scale distributed applications with very dynamic behavior. The execution platforms, which were otherwise closed, are now open to mobile devices and to user's contexts as is the case with ubiquitous computing and home applications. Software units in this new context can appear and disappear very unpredictably (this iscalled dynamic behavior) and are often a series of heterogeneous technologies (e.g., Web Services, OSGi, UPnP). The unpredictability of the environment, and the fact that we must adapt to it, makes the execution platforms seem non-deterministic. It is imperative to control the evolution of dynamic applications. This dissertation defines an execution platform for the distributed execution of heterogeneous services. This platform provides a homogeneous model of the execution state of services and of the administration operations related to the lifecycle of a service, regardless of the underlying technologies. This platform also provides mechanisms to extend monitoring and administration to other concerns (e.g., deployment, versioning). The introspection and reflection properties provided are used to control the evolution of the application's architecture and thereby control dynamic behavior. This dissertation provides a prototype of such a platform named SAM-RT.

Service Oriented Computing (SOC) provides a framework for the realization of loosely couple service oriented applications (SOA). Web services are central to the concept of SOC. They possess several benefits which are useful to SOA e.g. encapsulation, loose coupling and reusability. Using web services, an application can embed its functionalities within the business process of other applications. This is made possible through web service composition. Web services are composed to provide more complex functions for a service consumer in the form of a value added composite service. Currently, research into how web services can be composed to yield QoS (Quality of Service) optimal composite service has gathered significant attention. However, the number and services has risen thereby increasing the number of possible service combinations and also amplifying the impact of network on composite service performance. QoS-based service composition in the cloud addresses two important sub-problems; Prediction of network performance between web service nodes in the cloud, and QoS-based web service composition. We model the former problem as a prediction problem while the later problem is modelled as an NP-Hard optimization problem due to its complex, constrained and multi-objective nature. This thesis contributed to the prediction problem by presenting a novel learning automata-based non-negative matrix factorization algorithm (LANMF) for estimating end-to-end network latency of a composition in the cloud. LANMF encodes each web service node as an automaton which allows v it to estimate its network coordinate in such a way that prediction error is minimized. Experiments indicate that LANMF is more accurate than current approaches. The thesis also contributed to the QoS-based service composition problem by proposing four evolutionary algorithms; a network-aware genetic algorithm (INSGA), a K-mean based genetic algorithm (KNSGA), a multi-population particle swarm optimization algorithm (NMPSO), and a non-dominated sort fruit fly algorithm (NFOA). The algorithms adopt different evolutionary strategies coupled with LANMF method to search for low latency and QoSoptimal solutions. They also employ a unique constraint handling method used to penalize solutions that violate user specified QoS constraints. Experiments demonstrate the efficiency and scalability of the algorithms in a large scale environment. Also the algorithms outperform other evolutionary algorithms in terms of optimality and calability. In addition, the thesis contributed to QoS-based web service composition in a dynamic environment. This is motivated by the ineffectiveness of the four proposed algorithms in a dynamically hanging QoS environment such as a real world scenario. Hence, we propose a new cellular automata-based genetic algorithm (CellGA) to address the issue. Experimental results show the effectiveness of CellGA in solving QoS-based service composition in dynamic QoS environment.

Service-oriented systems (SOS) have recently emerged as context-independent component-based systems. In contrast to components, services can be created, invoked, composed and destroyed at run-time. Services are assumed to be platform independent and available for use within heterogeneous applications. One of the main assets in SOS is service composability. It allows the development of composite services with the main goal of reusable functionality provided by existing services in a low cost and rapid development process at run-time. However, in such distributed systems it becomes difficult to guarantee the quality of services (QoS), both in isolation, as well as of the newly created service compositions. Means of checking correctness of service composition can enable optimization w.r.t. the function and resource-usage of composed services, as well as provide a higher degree of QoS assurance of a service composition. To accomplish such goals, we employ model-checking technique for both single and composed services. The verification eventually provides necessaryinformation about QoS, already at early development stage.This thesis presents the research that we have been carrying out, on developing of methods and tools for specification, modeling, and formal analysis of services and service compositions in SOS. In this work, we first show how to formally check QoS in terms of performance and reliability for formallyspecified component-based systems (CBS). Next, we outline the commonalities and differences between SOS and CBS. Third, we develop constructs for the formal description of services using the resource-aware timed behavioral language called REMES, including development of language to support service compositions. At last, we show how to check service and service composition(functional, timing and resource-wise) correctness by employing the strongest post condition semantics. For less complex services and service compositions we choose to prove correctness using Hoare triples and the guarded command language. In case of complex services described as priced timed automata(PTA), we prove correctness via algorithmic computation of strongest post-condition of PTA. / Q-ImPreSS

Within the last five years, the market of cloud computing has shown rapid growth. However, despite the increasing popularity, researchers highlight numerous concerns regarding limited interoperability of systems hosted by different cloud providers as well as restricted customization of cloud solutions. In order to counter aforemen-tioned challenges, this study investigates the idea of introducing a marketplace for cloud services that leverage the service-oriented architecture (SOA) paradigm and of-fers software solutions, computing capabilities from cloud providers, components developed by third parties, as well as access to integration and audit services. The goal of the study lies in conceptualizing the idea and the evaluation of demand it may raise from the key cloud actors. In this regard, existing frameworks of cloud compu-ting and SOA contributed to the development of an initial model that was further improved through the interviewing process. The results of this study include a capa-bility-based framework for the cloud marketplace which not only clarifies the role and activities of the different actors but also contains the necessary features of the marketplace that are needed to ensure the proper workflow. In addition to that, the actors’ incentives and concerns regarding the marketplace were analyzed by applying SWOT-analysis. While the analysis revealed both positive interest and present de-mand among the actors, the identified weaknesses and threats highlight the need for further investigations in order to put the idea into practice.

In this thesis, a service oriented decomposition approach: Use case Driven Service Oriented Architecture (UDSOA), is introduced to close the gap between business requirements and SOA (Service Oriented Architecture) design by including business use cases and system use cases into decomposition process. The approach is constructed upon Service Oriented Software Engineering (SOSE) modeling technique and aims to fill the deficits of it at the decomposition phase. Further, it aims to involve both business vision and Information Technologies concerns in the decomposition process. This approach starts with functional top-down decomposition of the domain. Then, business use cases are used for further decomposition because of their high-level view. This connects the business requirements and our SOA design. Also it raises the level of abstraction which allows us to focus on business services. Second step of the SOA approach uses system use cases to continue decomposition. System use cases help discovering technical web services and allocating them on the decomposition tree. Service oriented analysis also helps separating business and technical services in tightly coupled architecture conditions. Those two steps together bring quality in to both problem and solution domains.