Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of California, San Diego, 2002. / Vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 347-364).

Thesis (doctoral)--Københavns universitet ; bd. 12. / Summary in German. Includes bibliographical references (p. [352]-360) and index.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Lehigh University, 2002. / Includes vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 338-395).

The 60th Royal American Regiment was raised in an attempt to combine the qualities of a frontiersman and a trained soldier. This paper presents an in-depth look at the conditions which revealed a need to meet the challenges of frontier warfare. The specialized training, outfitting, and tactical education of this regiment, its performance in battle situations, and its ensuing impact on training and tactics throughout the army are all considered. / The primary focus of this paper is the Royal American Regiment's performance in North America in the battles of the Seven Year's War, and above all its decisive involvement in the Pontiac Rebellion. Discussion of these engagements presents the thesis that the Royal American Regiment was at the forefront of a movement in training reform that helped add a new dimension to the British Army.

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Le personnel des gouverneurs des colonies sous la période royale regroupe les gouverneurs généraux et particuliers qui administrent les colonies françaises de 1763 à 1792 sous l’autorité de la couronne. Le gouverneur est un homme de guerre, choisis par le ministre de la Marine et nommé par le roi. Il s’agit pour lui de défendre un empire, de contrôler les pratiques locales et de veiller à l’exécution des lois du royaume. La nature de la charge et l’étendue des pouvoirs s’adaptent aux circonstances locales, sans oublier la personnalité et l’envergure du titulaire, sa position sociale, les cumuls de fonctions dont il peut bénéficier. Si la place de premier personnage de la colonie, l’appartenance à l’élite administrative et la prérogative de représentant du roi laissent supposer un poste brillant, la réalité est moins reluisante. L’autorité du gouverneur est affaiblie par de nombreux obstacles à un exercice efficace du pouvoir. Le gouverneur tente d’asseoir sa puissance sur d’autres marqueurs distinctifs, mais la réalité de la charge reste peu enviable, faite d’un mélange d’insalubrité et de déplacements, en proie à la méfiance des élites locales ou des autres administrateurs métropolitains. Les compensations financières et l’argument de promettre une place plus avantageuse après le gouvernement sont de plus en plus illusoires au fur et à mesure que le climat se complique à l’approche de la Révolution. La charge de gouverneur des colonies, poste de passage dans une carrière à forte dimension coloniale, est une charge isolée des cercles d’influence de la cour, atypique dans son recrutement et limitée dans les perspectives de carrière qu’elle offre à la fin du XVIIIe siècle. / The executive staff of colonial governors under royal period comprises governors-general and individuals who rule the French colonies from 1763 to 1792 by appointment of the crown. The governor is a man of war, appointed by the King on the advice of the Navy Minister. It is for him to defend an Empire, to control local customs and to enforce royal laws. The importance of the position and the range of power that comes with it depend on local circumstances, not to mention the personality and the scale of the holder, his social ranking, and the combining of functions he can benefit from. If being the ruler of the colony, being part of the administrative elite and representing the King suggest both a prestigious and exotic job, reality is less rosy. The governor's authority has to face numerous obstacles, which results in the weakening of the effective ruling of the country. The governor tries to assert power over other distinctive markers, however the office remains unenviable, as it implies squalor and constant travel and is plagued by distrust of local elites or other metropolitan administrators. The financial perks and the promise of a more prestigious position after serving as Colonial governor are increasingly unrealistic as the French Revolution approaches. The office of Colonial governor, one of several steps in a colonial career, is actually isolated from the power and influence which rule the court, atypical in its appointment and provides very few career opportunities.

Guerres et paix ont jalonné le duel franco-britannique, une des trames essentielles des relations internationales au XVIIIe siècle. Or c’est ce même siècle des Lumières qui a célébré l’idée d’équilibre européen, d’équilibre des puissances, pour limiter les conflits et « préserver la paix ». Le présent travail se situe pendant la courte période de paix qui sépare deux conflits européens majeurs où s’affrontèrent la Grande-Bretagne et la France, la guerre de Succession d’Autriche (1740-1748) et la guerre de Sept Ans (1756-1763). Il s’agit d’étudier, au milieu du siècle, les pratiques de la paix, utilisées ou révélées à l’occasion des négociations franco-anglaises sur les limites territoriales étendues aux espaces maritimes et coloniaux, et de s’interroger sur les représentations diplomatiques et les visions géostratégiques du monde qui guidèrent, à la cour de Versailles comme à celle de Saint-James, l’action politique des diplomates dans la sphère coloniale. / The Treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle which ended the War of Austrian Succession in 1748 threw into relief the linkage between the europeans and colonial issues. It returned the european claims in North America and in the West Indies to the statu quo ante bellum settled by the Treaty of Utrecht of 1713. A boundary commission was established to study the claims, to determine what areas were considered as belonging to the British or to the French Crowns, and to define clear boundaries separating the colonial dominions. Not solely episode of the Anglo-French rivalry, these inter-war years took place in the middle of the Age of Enlightenment, which celebrated the idea of balance of powers. Despite their failure, these negotiations could be envisaged as attempts to regulate colonial and maritime disputes by international agreements and as experiences by both Courts of a far diplomacy.

The main aim of this thesis is to introduce personality and works of imperial diplomat Franz Philip of Sternberg, who was appointed as imperial plenipotentiary at the court of Augustus III in 1749 and who spent there fifteen years. For those purposes, we are first presenting available literature concerning imperial diplomacy and diplomacy in Poland and Saxony in the 2nd half of the 18th century. Sources regarding other diplomats dwelling in Poland and Saxony by that times are also described. Next, we outlined historical sources available for the study of Sternbergs' diplomatic mission. Afterward, we introduced Franz Philip of Sternberg and his prepositions for his position as an imperial diplomat. Based on historical sources, we reconstructed Sternbergs' stay in Saxony and later in Poland, to where he resettled, altogether with Polish-Saxony royal court, after the reversal of longstanding alliances and the beginning of the Seven Years' War. For the reconstruction, we used mainly official diplomatic sources - instructions and relations, which are subsequently, together with diplomatic sources, subjected to diplomatic analysis. Based on unofficial correspondence, we have shown the social network of Franz Philip of Sternberg during his diplomatic stay in Poland and Saxony. In the end, we concluded on...

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