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Sex workers as free agents and as victims : elucidating the life worlds of female sex workers and the discursive patterns that shape public understanding of their workMbatha, Khonzanani 01 1900 (has links)
In South Africa and many other countries worldwide, sex work is criminalised. This
invariably seems to lead to back-door prostitution - an unregulated industry where sex
workers are vulnerable to being exploited by pimps, brothel owners and law enforcement
officers. In discussions about sex work and sex workers, two dominant views are evident: a)
Sex workers freely choose to sell sex as a good way of earning an income; or b) sex workers
are victims of their circumstances who are driven into the industry through direct coercion or
as a result of dire poverty. Together, these views lead to an ideological trap in terms of which
sex workers have to be perceived either as having agency and free will or as being helpless
victims in need of rescue. My aim in this thesis was to problematise, deconstruct and
reconstruct the discursive field within which sex work is embedded, in order to move beyond
agency-victimhood and similar binaries, and in the hope of developing new ways of talking
about prostitution that acknowledge the complexity of the sex industry rather than
shoehorning it into preconceived categories. Social constructionism (epistemology), critical
social theory (ontology) and discourse analysis (methodology) were interwoven in order to
provide a broad, critical understanding of prostitution. Two data sources were used to gain
access to and unpack the life worlds of sex workers: Semi-structured interviews with five sex
workers in Johannesburg and the “Project 107” report on adult prostitution in South Africa.
Foucauldian discourse analysis was used to make sense of the data, including an analysis of
how concepts such as governmentality, power, confession, surveillance and technologies of
the self can be applied to contemporary texts about prostitution. The “Project 107” report
recommended that prostitution should not be decriminalised, and that sex work should in fact
not be classified as work; instead, it proposed a ‘diversion programme’ to help sex workers
exit the industry. I show how, in doing this, the report appears to hijack feminist discourses about sex workers as victims in order to further a conservative moral agenda. The sex
workers I spoke to, on the other hand, demonstrated an ability to take on board, and to
challenge, a variety of different discourses in order to talk about themselves as
simultaneously agentic and constrained in what they can do by unjust social structures. I
show how, from a Foucauldian perspective, sex workers can be seen not as pinned down at the bottom of a pyramid of power, but immersed in a network of power and knowledge,
enabled and constrained by ‘technologies of the self’ to assist in policing themselves through
self-discipline and self-surveillance to become suitably docile bodies within the greater
public order. / Psychology / D. Litt. et Phil. (Psychology)
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Gesinsgeweld: 'n kriminologiese ondersoekJooste, Thomas Ignatius Muller 28 February 2005 (has links)
The purpose of this research was to describe and explain family violence in the Gauteng Province of South Africa. It was conducted by means of a literature review, followed by empirical research, based on police dockets, against the background of Seligman's theory on learned helplessness. Other theories were also applied eclectically. The literature review was used to design a research schedule (questionnaire). This schedule was used for data capturing from police dockets from the Crime Information Analysis Centre (CIAC) at their Gauteng Regional office in Johannesburg. From this data, a convenience sample consisting of 415 cases, was compiled. These cases were reported at the charge offices of Laudium, Alexandra, Hillbrow, Rietgat, Eersterust and Mamelodi, during the period between 1 January 2001 and 1 March 2002.
Domestic violence is caused by macrosocial-, gender- and relationship factors. These causes can be explained by certain aspects of structural- process- reaction and the learned helplesness theories. The adjudication of this causes and explanations focus on primary, secondary and tersiary aspects of prevention. Triggering facors, confrontation, crime incidents and restoring the equalibrium were studied in relation to the dynamics of domestic violence. All these factors such as causes, explanations, prevention and dynamics , are considered to explain the stabilization of domestic violence. / Die doel van hierdie navorsing was om gesinsgeweld in die Gauteng-Provinsie van
Suid-Afrika te beskryf en te verklaar. E)it is gedoen aan die hand van 'n
literatuurstudie, en is uitgebrei met 'n empiiiese ondersoek wat op polisiedossiere
gebaseer is, teen die agtergrond van Seligman se teorie van aangeleerde
hulpeloosheid, asook ander teoriee wat eklekties bygewerk is. Die literahmrstudie is
gebrnik om 'n skedule (vraelys) te ontwerp. Die navorsingskedule is gebruik vir
datavangs uit polisiedossiere. Die polisiedossiere van die Misdaadinligting-
Analisesentrum (MIAS) van Gauteng se streekkantoor in Johannesburg is gebruik vir
die samestelling van 'n geriefHkheidsteekproef bestaande uit 415 gevalle. Hierdie
gevalle kom uit die aanmeldings by die aanklagkantore van Laudium, Alexandra,
Hillbrow, Rietgat Eersterust en Mamelodi, tussen 1 Jamiaiie 2001 en 1 Maart 2002.
Makrososiale faktore, geslagsrolsosialisering en verhoudingsfaktore veroorsaak
gesinsgeweld. Sekere elemente van die struktuur- proses- reaksie- en aangeleerde
hulpeloosheidsteoriee kan dit verklaar. Die beregting van bogenoemde fokus op
primere, sekondere en tersiere voorkomingsaksies. Die dinamika waarop gefokus
word met betrekking tot gesinsgeweld sluit in aspekte soos: die snellerfaktore,
konfrontasie, die praktiese misdaadinsident en uiteindelik die herstelde ekwillibrium.
A1 die faktore (oorsake, verklarings, voorkoming en dinamika) lei uiteindelik tot die
stadium waar waar verduidelik word hoe gesinsgeweld gestabilliseer word. / Criminology / D. Litt. et Phil. (Criminology)
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The evidential value of crime scene investigation in child rape casesCoetzee, Theo 31 May 2008 (has links)
The main focus of this dissertation was to evaluate the evidential value of crime scene investigation in child rape cases. There are two kinds of crime scenes that needed to be processed in sexual crimes. Firstly is the location of occurrence and secondly is the victim's body. The crime scene is in any crime the major source of information if correctly approach, but even more so in a child rape investigations. A few crimes rely so heavily upon physical evidence as does the crime of rape.
It is therefore essential that all rape investigators have first-class knowledge of proper crime scene investigation methods and techniques. Since crime scenes not properly protected or process may fail the investigation in court and as a result see the suspect acquitted.
The following physical evidence could link and assist the investigator to individualise the suspect during thorough crime scene investigation; body fluids such as semen, blood, saliva. Other evidence of physical nature commonly found at crime scenes includes fingerprints, footprints (impression evidence); soil evidence, hair evidence, and anything in general handled or left behind by the rapist at the crime scene.
This dissertation strives to provide the Investigator with answers on, how, where, and when to process the crime scene. / Criminology / M.Tech. (Forensic Investigation)
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Gesinsgeweld: 'n kriminologiese ondersoekJooste, Thomas Ignatius Muller 28 February 2005 (has links)
The purpose of this research was to describe and explain family violence in the Gauteng Province of South Africa. It was conducted by means of a literature review, followed by empirical research, based on police dockets, against the background of Seligman's theory on learned helplessness. Other theories were also applied eclectically. The literature review was used to design a research schedule (questionnaire). This schedule was used for data capturing from police dockets from the Crime Information Analysis Centre (CIAC) at their Gauteng Regional office in Johannesburg. From this data, a convenience sample consisting of 415 cases, was compiled. These cases were reported at the charge offices of Laudium, Alexandra, Hillbrow, Rietgat, Eersterust and Mamelodi, during the period between 1 January 2001 and 1 March 2002.
Domestic violence is caused by macrosocial-, gender- and relationship factors. These causes can be explained by certain aspects of structural- process- reaction and the learned helplesness theories. The adjudication of this causes and explanations focus on primary, secondary and tersiary aspects of prevention. Triggering facors, confrontation, crime incidents and restoring the equalibrium were studied in relation to the dynamics of domestic violence. All these factors such as causes, explanations, prevention and dynamics , are considered to explain the stabilization of domestic violence. / Die doel van hierdie navorsing was om gesinsgeweld in die Gauteng-Provinsie van
Suid-Afrika te beskryf en te verklaar. E)it is gedoen aan die hand van 'n
literatuurstudie, en is uitgebrei met 'n empiiiese ondersoek wat op polisiedossiere
gebaseer is, teen die agtergrond van Seligman se teorie van aangeleerde
hulpeloosheid, asook ander teoriee wat eklekties bygewerk is. Die literahmrstudie is
gebrnik om 'n skedule (vraelys) te ontwerp. Die navorsingskedule is gebruik vir
datavangs uit polisiedossiere. Die polisiedossiere van die Misdaadinligting-
Analisesentrum (MIAS) van Gauteng se streekkantoor in Johannesburg is gebruik vir
die samestelling van 'n geriefHkheidsteekproef bestaande uit 415 gevalle. Hierdie
gevalle kom uit die aanmeldings by die aanklagkantore van Laudium, Alexandra,
Hillbrow, Rietgat Eersterust en Mamelodi, tussen 1 Jamiaiie 2001 en 1 Maart 2002.
Makrososiale faktore, geslagsrolsosialisering en verhoudingsfaktore veroorsaak
gesinsgeweld. Sekere elemente van die struktuur- proses- reaksie- en aangeleerde
hulpeloosheidsteoriee kan dit verklaar. Die beregting van bogenoemde fokus op
primere, sekondere en tersiere voorkomingsaksies. Die dinamika waarop gefokus
word met betrekking tot gesinsgeweld sluit in aspekte soos: die snellerfaktore,
konfrontasie, die praktiese misdaadinsident en uiteindelik die herstelde ekwillibrium.
A1 die faktore (oorsake, verklarings, voorkoming en dinamika) lei uiteindelik tot die
stadium waar waar verduidelik word hoe gesinsgeweld gestabilliseer word. / Criminology and Security Science / D. Litt. et Phil. (Criminology)
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The evidential value of crime scene investigation in child rape casesCoetzee, Theo 31 May 2008 (has links)
The main focus of this dissertation was to evaluate the evidential value of crime scene investigation in child rape cases. There are two kinds of crime scenes that needed to be processed in sexual crimes. Firstly is the location of occurrence and secondly is the victim's body. The crime scene is in any crime the major source of information if correctly approach, but even more so in a child rape investigations. A few crimes rely so heavily upon physical evidence as does the crime of rape.
It is therefore essential that all rape investigators have first-class knowledge of proper crime scene investigation methods and techniques. Since crime scenes not properly protected or process may fail the investigation in court and as a result see the suspect acquitted.
The following physical evidence could link and assist the investigator to individualise the suspect during thorough crime scene investigation; body fluids such as semen, blood, saliva. Other evidence of physical nature commonly found at crime scenes includes fingerprints, footprints (impression evidence); soil evidence, hair evidence, and anything in general handled or left behind by the rapist at the crime scene.
This dissertation strives to provide the Investigator with answers on, how, where, and when to process the crime scene. / Criminology and Security Science / M.Tech. (Forensic Investigation)
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An analysis of the modus operandi of perpetrators in human traffickingPardhoothman, Swastika 06 1900 (has links)
Text in English / This research attempts to analyse the modus operandi (MO) of perpetrators used in cases of trafficking in persons for sexual purposes, and trafficking in children.
The Trafficking in Persons Bill was passed in South Africa, but not gazetted; therefore, alternate charges are used to prosecute perpetrators.
The purpose, value and elements of MO allow an investigator to link a perpetrator to a specific crime scene.
The research provides an examination of case dockets and the MO of perpetrators in human trafficking – inter alia, looking at such issues as time, location, transport routes used, criminal motive, recruitment styles, and the number of offenders.
The MO of perpetrators identified during docket analysis indicates many similarities, when compared to the international MO of traffickers.
The gathering of MO information forms a critical part of any investigation to link a perpetrator to a crime.
This research therefore presents a comprehensive examination of the MO of perpetrators, and delivers practical recommendations to monitor and combat trafficking. / Police Practice / M. Tech. (Forensic Investigation)
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