The purpose of this study was to examine the sexual content found in music lyrics of different genres and their relationship to specific sexual cognitions. The study included 902 participants, both male and female, belonging to various ethnic backgrounds, ages 18 and up. It was hypothesized that listening to music containing frequent sexual lyrics will have an affect on men and women’s sexual cognitive beliefs. Results indicated that there was a relationship between frequency of sexually explicit lyrics and views on sexual cognitions. The breakdown by genre shows a more detailed relationship between the lyrics and sexual cognitions. Overall, the results supported the notion that frequent exposure to sexually explicit lyrics has a significant relationship to sexual cognitions.

This study employed an experimental design to test the effects of exposure to televised portrayals of differing types of negative consequences of casual sex on emerging adults' sexual beliefs, attitudes, and behavioral intentions. Male and female undergraduates were randomly assigned to one of three viewing conditions. Participants either viewed a program that portrayed negative emotional/social consequences of casual sex (i.e., guilt, regret, embarrassment, disapproval of family and friends), a negative physical consequence of casual sex (i.e., an unplanned/unwanted pregnancy), or a program without any sexual content. Outcomes were assessed immediately after exposure. Five outcome variables were examined: negative outcome expectancies of risky sex, attitudes toward casual sex, attitudes toward condoms, behavioral intentions to avoid casual sex, and behavioral intentions to use condoms. Driven by social cognitive theory, hypotheses address expected differences among the three conditions on these five outcome variables.Hypotheses about the expected effects of portrayals of negative consequences of casual sex were not confirmed. Results indicate that exposure to negative consequences of casual sex on television does not uniformly influence emerging adults' sexual beliefs, attitudes, and behavioral intentions. Rather, the relationship between exposure and subsequent effects was found to be moderated by their sexual risk experience. Emerging adults with different amounts of sexual risk experience responded differently to the experimental stimuli. Participants who had extensive sexual risk experience were not influenced by the stimuli. However, effects of exposure to the negative consequence conditions were identified among participants who had little to moderate amounts of sexual risk experience. Both the negative physical and emotional/social consequence conditions led these participants to report safer sex outcomes. Findings imply that portrayals of both negative emotional/social and negative physical consequences of casual sex on television have the potential to positively influence the sexual attitudes and behavioral intentions of young people who do not already have substantial sexual risk experience.

<p>Online daters use a variety of messages to initiate relationships, some of which contain sexual content. Research has explored some extreme versions of initiation messages that contain sexual content that are used in online dating. However, there has been a lack of examination into the variation in these types of initiation strategies. The current study explored different types of initiation messages that contain sexual content used in online dating and recipients’ impressions of those messages. The first study utilized focus groups to uncover the different types of initiation messages that contain sexual content that online daters have sent and received, as well as their perceptions of those messages. The second study employed findings from Study 1 to develop and validate the impressions of initiation messages that contain sexual content (IIMCSC) scale and conduct an exploratory correlation analysis on how factors from the IIMCSC scale relate to relational outcomes. The development of a typology of initiation messages that contain sexual content along with the IIMCSC scale to measure recipients’ impressions of those messages are useful in understanding how these messages play a role in the initiation of romantic relationships. The developed tools address the need for more comprehensive understanding and investigation of the variety of sexual content exchanged in online romantic relationship initiation. </p>

The current study examined the relationship between sexual content in popular pop, rap, and R&B music videos and female consumers’ body image, self-objectification, the objectification of other women, and self-esteem. The current study had two main hypotheses: (1) exposure to sexual content in music videos would be negatively correlated with women’s body image, self-objectification, and the objectification of other women and (2) Women’s body image and self-objectification would mediate the relationship between exposure to sexual content in music videos and self-esteem. Participants included 308 female college students who answered questions related to the study aims online. Exposure to sexual content in music videos was estimated by the use of self-report viewing habits and content analysis using the frequency method of popular songs performed by artists highly rated by participants. Results indicated that there was a negative association between exposure to sexual content in R&B music videos and participants’ objectification of other women as well as exposure to sexual content in rap music videos was associated with negative body image. Results also indicated that exposure to sexual content in rap music videos was related to increased self-objectification, which, in turn was related to decreased self-esteem among participants. Negative body image was also found to be related to decreased self-esteem among participants.

本研究以內容分析法比較共200首台灣與美國音樂錄影帶中的性內容以及愛情關係表現。研究結果顯示美國音樂錄影帶中的性內容普遍高於台灣的音樂錄影帶，不論是在歌詞表達或影像呈現中。但值得一提的是，臺灣2010年音樂錄影帶中相較於2000年音樂錄影帶中性內容增加的幅度大於美國2010年音樂錄影帶中相較於美國2000年因樂錄影帶中性內容的增加。而且愛情表現方面，台灣的歌曲不論是在2000年還是2010年都有超過80%以上的歌曲為愛情歌曲；美國歌曲則較為多元，從2000年到2010年，少了20%的愛情歌曲。 總體來說，此研究結果與先前研究的結果類似：台灣歌曲中的愛情表達多為無性的表達，而美國歌曲中則較易將愛情等同或化約成肉體慾望，且不論歌曲主題，性內容也較常表達在歌曲中。雖然台灣音樂錄影帶及歌曲中的性內容還尚未達到足以造成威脅的程度，由2010年的增加多於同時期美國的音樂錄影帶顯示未來研究更應重視這一塊因為大眾流行音樂錄影帶在年輕族群的生活中扮演了重要的角色。若其不當性內容持續增加，勢必會對年輕族群的性觀念及行為造成影響。 / This study examines 200 music videos from Taiwan the USA for their sexual content lyrical and visual presentation. The second focus is the illustration of themes in songs. Results of a content analysis shows that in terms of sexual content in music videos, the USA is still more sexual than Taiwan as a whole; however, the increase of sexual imagery in music videos is greater in Taiwan in 2010 compared to in 2000 than that from USA in 2010 compared to 2000. Within-country comparisons show that the increase in images is greater than that in lyrics from 2000 to 2010 in both countries. For themes in songs, in both years, over 80% of the songs analyzed from Taiwan are love theme songs. Songs from the USA are more varied, and from 2000 to 2010, there are 20% less love theme songs. On the whole, this study agrees with previous studies, which found that love manifested in lyrics is often an asexual kind of love in Taiwan, while in the USA physical desires are often outright portrayed, regardless of the song themes. Although the sexual level in music videos images have not yet reached an alarming level, researchers should, however, keep track of the sexual content because music videos do take up a part in forming a socializing environment, especially for the young people.