The peri-coital contraceptive pill is a potential method for pregnancy prevention that could be taken in a period before or after unprotected sexual intercourse. However, uptake of a new contraceptive method relies on accessible terminology and frameworks with which to discuss it. I conducted seven focus group discussions across Canada to understand how women talk about different reproductive health technologies, explore the ways these discourses influence language and frameworks women use to talk about peri-coital contraceptives, and identify perceptions of and concerns about this potential method. Women thought the peri-coital contraceptive pill would be a valuable addition to current contraception. They disliked the name ”peri-coital”; although some participants created more resonant names related to unique aspects of this method, many found it challenging to clearly discuss the method with existing language for contraception. Concerted effort to develop terminology that is clearer may help facilitate the eventual introduction of this new contraceptive method in Canada and beyond.

Background: HIV is a major and global public health issue. In 2014, approximately 17.4million women were living with HIV. Regarding HIV, there are socially acquiredprejudices that contributes to stigmatize those living with the infection. Women livingwith HIV are an extra vulnerable group in society, which can negatively affect theirhealth. Aim: To study the experiences of sexual and reproductive health in women livingwith an HIV diagnosis in the Western world. Method: A literature-based study. Themethod used for this study was based on qualitative research, which contribute a deeperunderstanding for a phenomenon. Eight articles were analyzed and resulted in three mainthemes and seven subthemes. Results: The results are presented under three main themes;To face new challenges, To be treated differently and Being emotionally affected. To facenew challenges describe women's experience in managing their sexuality and the needfor information. To be treated differently describes women's experience of beingstigmatized in society and in health care. Being emotionally affected describes howwomen experienced shame and fear, which contributed to the fact that women did notseek care during pregnancy. Conclusion: Women living with an HIV diagnosis are inneed of information as well as emotional and instrumental support. This need can beacknowledged when the nurse takes on the responsibility for nursing and applies personcentered care. / HIV är en viktig global folkhälsofråga. I slutet av 2018 levde 37,9 miljoner människormed HIV-diagnos. Flertalet gravida och ammande kvinnor behandlades ihälsobefrämjande syfte. HIV diagnosen kan bidra till att de som lever med infektionenriskerar att stigmatiseras. Kvinnor som lever med HIV är en extra utsatt och sårbar gruppi samhället, vilket kan påverka deras hälsa negativt. Sjuksköterskan ansvarar bland annatför att främja och återställa hälsa. I mötet med kvinnor som lever med en HIV-diagnos ärsjuksköterskan skyldig att utgå från den gemensamma värdegrund som återfinns i ICN:setiska kod. Åtta artiklar med kvalitativ ansats valdes ut för att belysa HIV-diagnostiseradekvinnors erfarenhet av sexualitet, graviditet och förlossning. Artiklarna resulterade i trehuvudteman; Att ställas inför nya utmaningar, Att bemötas annorlunda och Att varaemotionellt påverkad. Att ställas inför nya utmaningar innehåller tre underteman sombeskriver kvinnornas erfarenheter kring sexualitet, graviditet och förlossning. Deupplevde en osäkerhet kring sexualitet och graviditet som grundades i rädslan av att smittasin partner eller barn. Bristen på information bidrog till en osäkerhet. Trots kvinnornasosäkerhet hade de en längtan efter barn. Att bemötas annorlunda, med två underteman,skildrar de fördomar kvinnorna möter av hälso- och sjukvården samt omgivningen. Ivårdmötet kände sig kvinnorna annorlunda bemötta. Kvinnorna upplevde bristande stödpå grund av negativa antaganden från den sociala omgivningen. Slutligen visade Att varaemotionellt påverkad, med två underteman, att HIV-diagnosen gav upphov till emotionellpåverkan kring den sexuella och reproduktiva hälsan. Detta tog sig i uttryck som känslorav rädsla och skam. Rädslan innebar att bli avslöjad och avvisad som HIV-positiv.Känslan av skam bidrog till att kvinnorna inte uppsökte vård under graviditeten. Studiensresultat kan bidra till en ökad kunskap kring kvinnor som lever med en HIV-diagnos samtderas erfarenheter av sexualitet, graviditet och förlossning. Denna kunskap kan även bidratill att sjuksköterskor har en handlingsberedskap i vårdmötet med dessa kvinnor.Resultatet anses relevant oavsett vilket vårdsammahang som omger kvinnorna.

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Background: Abdominal ostomy is an artificial opening in the abdomen that is done through a surgical procedure. This is due to cancer diagnosis and / or inflammatory diseases of the intestine. Intimacy and sexuality are important aspects of the quality of life of an individual that can be affected by different factors. It is the nurse's responsibility to promote health, and the nurse's role to convey knowledge of sexual health to patients. Aim: The purpose was to describe the experiences of sexual health in people with abdominal ostomy. Method: Literature review with a qualitative approach. Results: The results show that people with abdominal ostomy experienced a change in sexualhealth caused by various aspects. The results also show a need for increased healthcare guidance about sexual health, and support from relatives is an important component. Conclusion: Taboos about sexuality were discussed and need to be put in relation to where in the world one is. Sexual health is individual and looks different globally, because there are different societal and cultural norms and values. Strategies for healthcare professionals were discussed in order to be able to address sexual health and to support people with abdominal ostomy in the best possible way

Women living in rural areas experience barriers in accessing contraceptives, including those related to geographic distance, cost, and the lack of health care providers. Further, conscientious objection to provision of sexual and reproductive health services has a more significant impact in these settings given limited alternatives. The overarching dynamics likely have an even greater impact on adolescents, as young people are less able to navigate complex systems or secure the necessary resources to overcome financial and travel barriers. This multi-method qualitative study investigated the contraceptive experiences of adolescents living in rural Ontario through the use of an online survey, in-depth interviews with adolescents, and key informant interviews. We found that the available sexual health information is difficult to navigate and inconsistent in quality. The services offered in rural areas are limited. The need for more readily accessible information and contraceptive services in rural Ontario is considerable.

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Sexual health affects many aspects of patient health; however, it is often not addressed with patients, and research shows that sexual health is not emphasized in medical education. Primary care providers ought to be on the front lines of the integration of sexual health into patient centered care. In rural areas, this responsibility often falls to family medicine physicians as patients do not have access to Ob/Gyns (obstetrician and gynecologist). The objective of this study was to assess the types and prevalence of sexual health concerns among patients in rural Appalachia and also to assess the comfort level of family medicine physicians in addressing and managing sexual health concerns. Sexual health was defined to include sexual wellness, infections, contraception, and sexual dysfunction. Participants included East Tennessee State University (ETSU) family medicine attending physicians (faculty physicians) and resident physicians at three designated ETSU residency clinic sites. We designed and distributed an eighteen-question survey to residents and faculty physicians in order to evaluate how the recently emerging sexual health emphasis has translated to the practice of family medicine in East Tennessee. Of note in the data analysis, the majority of providers reported they feel at least moderately comfortable discussing sexual health with patients. However, when asked how frequency they address sexual health with patients, most providers reported that they do not frequently ask patients about sexual health concerns. Even though the American College of Obstetrics and Gynecology (ACOG) recommends long-acting reversible contraceptives (LARCs) as first-line contraceptives, less than half of providers recommend LARCs to patients. Additional exploration is needed to address why most family medicine physicians do not ask patients about sexual health as well as to determine if any regional barriers exist. This data also suggests that family medicine providers often do not have the means to recommend first-line contraception, likely due to lack of access and/or lack of knowledge regarding current recommendations. This study suggests that more emphasis should be placed on addressing sexual health and there is a need for additional training perhaps through educational workshops, or the distribution of educational brochures, or training in LARC placement.

Title: Nurses' experiences of conversations with patients about sexual health: a qualitative literature review. Background: Sexual health and sexuality are included in all dimensions of health and can be affected by illness, dysfunction and injury. Conversations about patients' sexual health and sexuality were part of the professional role of nurses. Despite this, it emerged that conversations about sexual health were not conducted by the nurses, which led to holistic nursing with clear shortcomings. Aim: The aim was to describe nurses' experiences of talking about sexual health with adult patients in inpatient care.Method: The research design in this qualitative literature review has an inductive approach. The analysis was carried out through five steps (Friberg, 2017). Results: Four main categories emerged with twelve subcategories; When the conversation arises (the value of the conversation for care, knowledge and experience, relationship between nurse and patient), Uncertainty about responsibility (nurse's initiative to talk, patient's initiative to talk, the interprofessional team), Nurse's prejudices and values (professional values, personal values, the nurse's priorities, own power in the care relationship) and The impact of the environment (organization and system and society's norms). Conclusion: Nurses need improved knowledge, experience and training to initiate conversations about sexual health and sexuality with patients. Future research needs to examine what improvement measures are required to implement sexual health conversations in clinical work. Keywords: conversations, experiences, nurses, patients, sexual health, sexuality.

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