CoordenaÃÃo de AperfeiÃoamento de Pessoal de NÃvel Superior / Com suporte no advento da descoberta do HIV/aids, foram definidos os grupos de risco para as doenÃas sexualmente transmissÃveis (DST), centralizados em homossexuais e profissionais do sexo, de forma que a populaÃÃo que nÃo se encontrava nesses grupos nÃo se considerava vulnerÃvel Ãs DST. A desconsideraÃÃo do risco ocasionou inversÃo no nÃmero de casos de DST em populaÃÃes especÃficas. Os nÃmeros revelam, por exemplo, que em relaÃÃo ao nÃmero de casos de HIV, a razÃo entre sexos tende a diminuir e a transmissÃo entre heterossexuais jà prevalece sobre a transferÃncia entre homossexuais. Diante disso, mulheres heterossexuais passaram tambÃm a concorrer como grupo de risco, entre as quais estÃo as que estabelecem uniÃo estÃvel. ApÃs o diagnÃstico, a mulher pode experimentar uma situaÃÃo de conflito com seu companheiro ao tentar descobrir a origem do contÃgio. Partindo desses pressupostos este estudo foi realizado. O objetivo geral da pesquisa foi investigar a contaminaÃÃo por DST no Ãmbito de uma relaÃÃo estÃvel, e os objetivos especÃficos foram identificar fatores culturais que possam favorecer o risco de DST em casais e analisar as significaÃÃes da contaminaÃÃo por DST para o casal. Como metodologia adotou-se a abordagem etnogrÃfica, com suporte na Teoria do Cuidado Cultural. Desenvolveu-se o estudo no Centro de Desenvolvimento Familiar (CEDEFAM) e no contexto familiar de sete mulheres, durante nove meses. Como resultados, foi possÃvel identificar a interaÃÃo de informaÃÃes sobre DST nos sistemas de saÃde profissionais e populares, de modo que as lacunas em relaÃÃo ao conhecimento e conscientizaÃÃo sobre o risco parecem emergir do entrelace de questÃes culturais e de gÃnero, enraizadas, transmitidas e compartilhadas dentro da sociedade. Assim, baseados nas informaÃÃes sobre DST produzidas em seu contexto cultural, homens e mulheres desenvolveram percepÃÃes errÃneas sobre risco de DST e, com suporte nisso, adotaram comportamentos sexuais que favoreceram a contaminaÃÃo. Constatou-se, tambÃm, que o diagnÃstico de DST influencia o comportamento sexual das mulheres, que passam a redescobrir seus corpos e desenvolver indÃcios de cuidado com a saÃde sexual e reprodutiva do casal. Em face disso, todavia, verificou-se que os homens parecem se comportar como coadjuvantes no processo e ainda consideram o problema como inerente apenas à parte feminina. Conclui-se, com arrimo nos achados, que à imprescindÃvel a abordagem da cultura nas aÃÃes de EducaÃÃo em SaÃde para a promoÃÃo da saÃde sexual e reprodutiva do casal. Acredita-se que, com esteio em estratÃgias de EducaÃÃo em SaÃde culturalmente direcionadas poderÃo ser alcanÃados resultados de impacto positivo na assimilaÃÃo do risco e quebra da cadeia de transmissÃo de DST. / Risk groups for sexually transmitted diseases (STD) were defined with the support of the advent of the HIV/aids discovery. They are centered in homosexuals and sex professionals, so the people who were not included in these groups did not consider themselves vulnerable to STD. The non-consideration of the risk caused an inversion in the number of STD cases in specific populations. The numbers reveal, for example, that the reason between the HIV occurrence among men and women tends to decrease and that the transmission among heterosexuals is already higher than among homosexuals. In face of this situation, heterosexual women started to be considered a risk group, including the ones with stable union. After the diagnosis, the woman may experience a situation of conflict with her partner when trying to discover the origin of contamination. When this problem was detected, it was perceived the necessity to investigate the STD contamination in the coupleâs dynamics, with the objective of identifying cultural factors which are determinant for the risk of contamination by STD and understand the meaning of STD contamination for the couple. It was considered necessary the execution of an ethnographical research, based on Theory of Cultural Care to accomplish the proposed objectives. The study was developed in the Center of Family Development (CEDEFAM) and in seven womenâs family context for nine months. It was possible to identify the interaction of information about STD in professional and popular (general) health systems, so that the gap in relation to knowledge and awareness about the risk seems to emerge from cultural and gender questions which are transmitted, shared and ingrained in society. It was also ascertained that the STD diagnosis influences on womenâs sexual behavior. They start to rediscover their body and to develop signs of care about the coupleâs sexual and reproductive health. On the other hand, it was verified that men seem to behave as having a secondary role in the process and still consider the problem a feminine one. As a conclusion, it was noticed the importance of the approach of culture in Health Education actions for the promotion of coupleâs sexual and reproductive health. We believe that, with the support of culturally directed Health Education strategies, results with positive impact can be reached in the assimilation of risks and rupture of the STD transmission chain.

Trata-se de um estudo misto metodológico e analítico com delineamento quase-experimental, com objetivos de elaborar e validar um instrumento para avaliar conhecimento de agentes comunitários de saúde sobre um conjunto de doenças sexualmente transmissíveis quanto à aparência, ao conteúdo e à semântica, elaborar e validar quanto a conteúdo e estratégia de sistematização e aplicação do processo de capacitação destes profissionais e avaliar o impacto de um processo de capacitação, em São Sebastião do Paraíso- MG, no ano de 2015. Os dados foram obtidos por meio do instrumento elaborado e validado para avaliar o conhecimento desses profissionais em relação a um conjunto de doenças sexualmente transmissíveis, por meio de livro de registros para avaliar o número de orientações em sala de espera dessas doenças pelos agentes, por meio de livro de registros para avaliar o número de encaminhamentos de portadores desses agravos para tratamento e por meio de fichas de notificações realizadas pelas equipes das unidades saúde da família dessas doenças. A população do estudo foi constituída de 134 Agentes Comunitários de Saúde pertencentes às 20 unidades saúde da família que receberam capacitação no tema, com emprego de metodologia ativa, sendo o processo educativo realizado pela própria pesquisadora. Os resultados da validação aparente e de conteúdo do instrumento mostraram que foi necessário mudar duas palavras em dois itens, sendo os demais itens avaliados positivamente por 100% dos participantes. Na validação semântica, foram empregados formulários adaptados do DISABKIDS® para 24 agentes do ensino fundamental e médio que participaram da mesma, e 91,3% de ambos os grupo acharam os itens do instrumento relevantes, relataram dificuldades em relação a três itens. Os participantes da capacitação referiram adquirir novos conhecimentos por meio da metodologia empregada. O intervalo de tempo para a coleta de dados foi de 12 meses. Em relação aos resultados do conhecimento em doenças sexualmente transmissíveis, houve aumento estatisticamente significativo com mudanças de erros para acertos dos 24 itens do instrumento pelos agentes, no período pós-capacitação. Houve aumento da média de 4,2% para 23,4% (p < 0,0001) no número de orientações realizadas pelos agentes, em sala de espera, no período pós-capacitação. Houve aumento da média de 5,2 para 17,9% (p < 0,0001) do número de encaminhamentos de portadores de doenças sexualmente transmissíveis para tratamento e aumento da média de 2,5% para 18,7% (p < 0,0001) do número de notificações realizadas desses agravos, no período pós-capacitação. Frente aos resultados obtidos, conclui-se que a capacitação produziu mudanças positivas no conhecimento e nas práticas dos Agentes Comunitários de Saúde, em relação ao conjunto das doenças sexualmente transmissíveis estudadas, e espera-se que este estudo torne relevante o desenvolvimento de futuras capacitações nesse tema, possibilitando aos profissionais de saúde repensarem suas condutas, fortalecerem o trabalho em equipe e transformarem suas práticas profissionais / This is a mixed methodological and analytical joint study with quasi- experimental desing, whith aims to develop and validate an instrument to assess knowledge of community health agents on a range of sexually transmitted diseases according to the appearance, content and semantics, develop and validate as the content and strategy of systematizing and implementation of the training of these professionals process, and evaluate the impact of a training process in São Sebastião do Paraíso - MG. Data were obtained through the elaborated and validated tool to assess these professionals\' knowledge in relation to a set of sexually transmitted diseases. A book of records was also used to assess the number of waiting room orientations for these diseases by the health agents, and to assess the number of referrals of patients with these diseases for treatment. The notification forms filled out by members of the family health units\' teams were also considered. The study population consisted of 134 Community Health Workers belonging to 20 family health units who received training on the subject, with active methodology and the educational process was carried out by the researcher. The results of the apparent validation and of the instrument contents showed that it was necessary to change two words in two items. The remaining items were evaluated positively by 100% of participants. In semantic validation, forms adapted from DISABKIDS® were applied to 24 agents working in Brazilian basic education (primary school and high school), and 91.3% of both groups found the instrument questions relevant and, in the specific part of the form, the difficulty both groups presented in relation to three items. Participants of the training mentioned they acquired new knowledge through this study methodology. The time interval for the data collection was 12 months. Regarding the results of knowledge on sexually transmitted diseases, there was a statistically significant increase with changes from errors to correct answers of the 24 items of the instrument, by the health community agents, in the post-training period: there was an increase in the average of 4.2% to 23.4% (p <0.0001) in the number of orientations performed by agents in the waiting room; an increase average of 5.2 to 17.9% (p <0.0001) in the number of referrals of patients with sexually transmitted diseases for treatment; and, an increased average of 2.5% to 18.7% (p <0 , 0001) in the number of these diseases notifications. Given the results, it is concluded that the training produced positive changes in knowledge and practices of community health agents in respect of all the sexually transmitted diseases studied, and it is hoped that this study becomes important to develop future trainings in this theme, allowing health professionals to rethink their behavior, to strengthen teamwork and to change their professional practices

School project focused on sexually transmitted diseases ABSTRACT This Thesis forms two segments: theoretically oriented and practically oriented. Theoretical background doesn't only deal with development of project-based learning from history to the present but characteristics of project-based learning as such. There is an emphasis on positives at work but also cons that this innovative method brings, analysis of different types of project, important role of a student and a teacher and planning of the project itself. Second segment of theoretical part forms basic information about bacterial and viral diseases (chlamydia, gonorrhea, chancroid, syphilis, hepatitis B, genital herpes, AIDS, genital warts and cervical cancer). Practical part is dedicated to application of theory of project-based learning itself into practice. The result is a formation of a particular project called Sexually transmitted diseases, which is then completed on higher level of high school. Further there is thoroughly described project planning, realization and its evaluation. The Thesis emphasizes project-based learning as an innovative process that is capable of helping students with development of key competencies and fulfilling requirements of Framework educational program for upper secondary general education. KEYWORDS: school...

M.Ed. (Psychology of Education) / This study was conducted with standard five children on the East Rand. The aim with this project was to evaluate the knowledge of the children on AIDS and to see whether the information they received was in fact correct. The following questions were asked: what do children really know about AIDS? is the information they receive, correct? where do children get their information from? what more do they want to know about AIDS? The aim of this study was to give reliable answers to these questions. The respondents were five hundred standard five children from five schools. The respondents were asked to complete a questionnaire consisting of fifteen questions. The results of the empirical research show that children have a lot of questions regarding AIDS and they need good guidance. Based on this fact one can recommend that the inclusion of more guidance regarding AIDS in the school curriculum should seriously be considered. The following specific findings have been made: No significant relationships has been found between sex and their knowledge of AIDS. Children know that AIDS is a deadly virus disease. There is much confusion of how one can contract AIDS. It could be that the children did not get the right information. Many of the respondents were of the opinion that AIDS could soon be cured and that it is not as serious as it is made out to be. Children are not sure whether one could get AIDS from having sex with different people...

M.Cur. / HIV and AIDS education as a prevention strategy is priority number one in the National Strategic Plan for South Africa. Prevention of illnesses is also an integral part of primary health care (Department of Health, 2007: 10). There are different role players offering age-appropriate HIV and AIDS education to primary school learners, such as educators (within the Life Orientation programme), school health nurses (as part of health promotion) and non-governmental organisation (NGO) peer educators who visit schools per invitation or as part of their programme. Knowledge of collaboration amongst different role payers is necessary in order to pool the complementary strengths and maximise the positive impact of education on adolescents’ sexual behaviour. The design used in this research is quantitative and descriptive in nature. The respondents were clustered according to categories, namely school health nurses, primary school educators and NGO peer educators. As school health nurses (n=8) and peer educators (n=15) constituted a small population, they were all included in the study. Systematic random sampling was used to select respondents from the population of educators (N=75: n=42). A developed questionnaire was distributed to the consenting respondents who met the inclusion criteria. A checklist was also developed to review policies and guidelines used as a framework for providing HIV and AIDS education to learners by role players. A pilot study was conducted. The Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS14.0) for Windows was used to analyse the data.

M.A. / The study is based on the social model of disability focusing on issues of human rights for people with intellectual disabilities. Disability is defined as the social restriction confronted by people with disabilities living in a society that is not organized to take account of their needs. Disability is not an individual condition but rather an issue of equal opportunities. Self-determination for people with intellectual disability should be respected as it is a central aspect of personal well being based on the understanding that disability is a result of social attitudes, architectural, and legal barriers that confront people with disabilities. The research was aimed at the acquisition of information on the knowledge of people with intellectual disabilities about sexuality and if that knowledge is appropriately linked to HIV and AIDS. The study uses research as a scientific tool that will assist policy makers and programme developers to dispel the myths on issues affecting people with intellectual disabilities. Self-advocacy of people with intellectual disabilities in research was key to the research method that was applied. People with mental retardation, head injury, other or any type of actual or perceived mental or cognitive disability are often marginalized by society. The HIV/AIDS global epidemic has greatly exceeded earlier predictions. About 95% of all people infected are living in developing countries, which have to cope with poverty and health problems. HIV and AIDS prevalence can remain undetected for long periods, particularly in local groupings and settings. HIV remains localized before the epidemic spreads to involve the wider population. These localized groupings can be classified as having no known cases. It is during this period that the proactive interventions should be implemented. It is for these reasons that this study was undertaken to address HIV and AIDS among the grouping of people with intellectual disabilities.

Master of Public Health - MPH / The overall aim of this study was to evaluate quality of STI services in Umjindi local municipality. A concrete objective was to investigate the health system issues that may have a negative impact in the provision of quality STI service in the local municipality. These include accessibility of the STI services to the community, training of health workers in syndromic management, availability of necessary equipment and supplies for STI management, turn-around time for blood results and infrastructure of the facilities. / South Africa

Master of Public Health - MPH / Curricula should be strengthened by teaching the curability of STIs and the importance of STI treatment to prevent HIV transmission. This study focused on the control of sexually transmitted infections as a key HIV prevention strategy. Sexually transmitted infections act as a strong cofactor in the sexual transmission of HIV. Effective STI management can limit the spread of HIV. / South Africa

Doctor Pharmaceuticae - DPharm / The effect of industrialisation has thrust the pharmaceutical profession into a clinical paradigm where the approcah to pharmaceutical decisions is more disease and patient orientated. Consequently, South African community pharmacies are inundated with requests from the public for advice and treatment on a wide range of medical conditions, including sexually transmitted infections (STI's). Although community pharmacies are often the first port of call for undiagnosed STI, limited diagnostic skills and legally-imposed prescribing restrictions preclude pharmacists from providing the necessary clinical management. The overarching goal of this dissertation was to present objective arguments and evidences (new and existing) around an expanded role for pharmacists in STI partner management. / South Africa

The HIV and AIDS epidemic continues to affect communities worldwide particularly so in South Africa. Youth, also the so-called Coloured youth, continue to remain at risk of infection, in spite of having been exposed to information about HIV and AIDS. This study explores the views of Coloured secondary school youth in a rural town in the Eastern Cape, on HIV and AIDS. Fifteen secondary school learners, both boys and girls, from Grades 10 to 12 were purposively selected. This qualitative study, framed within an interpretivist paradigm, draws on a phenomenological methodology. The data was generated from using drawing and focus group interviews and analysed using thematic analysis. The research adhered to ethical principles and trustworthiness was ensured. Constructivism and Bronfenbrenner’s bio-ecological systems theory were used to frame the study and to make meaning of the findings. In response to the primary research question, What views do Coloured youth attending a secondary school in a rural town have of HIV and AIDS?, five themes emerged, namely: individuals spread HIV, impoverished family life increases youth vulnerability to HIV, youth under pressure from peers knowingly engage in risky behaviour, misconceptions fuel the epidemic, and HIV and AIDS “captures the community in its net”. Drawing on the findings and in response to the secondary research question, What guidelines can be developed to assist educators to facilitate learners taking action against the spread of HIV and AIDS?, several guidelines were developed. They suggest that teachers should use participatory pedagogies to engage secondary school learners when teaching HIV and AIDS, build self-esteem in their learners, assist learners in dealing with peer pressure, engage learners in erasing misconceptions, and enable learners to break free from being “caught in the net” of HIV and AIDS. Collectively these guidelines could enable learners to take action in protecting themselves and their community against the spread of the HI virus. The study concludes that the views that Coloured secondary school learners from a rural town have about HIV and AIDS show their awareness of the realities of the epidemic affecting the individual, the family, the school and their community. They have constructed their views of HIV and AIDS in a way which shows their understanding of the complexities of the epidemic.