Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Adelaide, Dept. of Animal Sciences, 1991. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 274-316).

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Exogenous oxytocin aids in the transcervical passage of an AI pipette into the uterus of ewes, and it may be an effective adjunct to sheep AI procedures. Experiments were conducted to evaluate the effects of oxytocin on variables that may affect fertility. The results of this study indicate clearly that oxytocin dilates the cervix in ewes (Exp. 1) without affecting the movement of sperm to the oviducts (Exp. 3) or fertilization rate (Exp. 9). Oxytocin probably binds to uterine and cervical receptors (Exp. 6) and stimulates uterine tetany (Exp. 2) and prostaglandin release (Exp. 5). Because of the irregular arrangement of smooth muscle in the sheep cervix (Exp. 4), uterine tetany may physically dilate the cervix. Also, prostaglandin synthesis, primarily PGF2, may be involved in a chemical softening of the cervix. Most likely, a combination of uterine contractions and cervical softening allow dilation and transcervical passage of an AI pipette. Although oxytocin does not affect sperm transport (Exp. 3) or fertilization (Exp. 9), fertility after transcervical AI is decreased (Exp. 8). Cervical manipulation seems to decrease fertility, but the mechanism is unclear. Therefore, a greater understanding of the physiology of the sheep cervix is necessary before oxytocin-induced cervical dilation can be implemented with nonsurgical AI procedures in sheep. / Ph. D.

Includes bibliographical references (leaves 232-257). / xv, 257 leaves : ill. ; 30 cm. / Title page, contents and abstract only. The complete thesis in print form is available from the University Library. / Aims to determine if the compatible solutes (proline, glycine betaine, and trehalose), the epididymal compounds (taurine, hypotaurine and inositol) or the antioxidants (carnosine and ascorbic acid) in tris-citrate based diluents could improve the post-thaw survival and/or fertility of ram spermatazoa. / Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Adelaide, Dept. of Animal Science, 1996?

Orientador: Sony Dimas Bicudo / Banca: Eunice Oba / Banca: Paulo Henrique Franceschini / Banca: Valquíria Hypólito Barnabé / Banca: Maria Madalena Pessoa Guerra / Resumo: O Objetivo deste estudo foi determinar o efeito da adição do surfactante lauril sulfato de sódio (Orvus es Paste OEP) e dos antioxidantes Trolox-C (6- hidroxi-2, 5,7,8-tetrametilcroman-2-acido carboxílico) e catalase ao meio diluidor, na motilidade espermática, integridade de membrana plasmática, acrossomal e mitocondrial, estádio de capacitação e geração de radicais livres no espermatozóide ovino pós-descongelação. Para isso, foram realizados dois experimentos. No Experimento 1, avaliou-se o efeito da adição do surfactante ao diluidor. O sêmen de 10 carneiros foi coletado por meio de vagina artificial e diluído para uma concentração final de 400x106 espermatozóides/mL no meio Tris-gema contendo OEP (0; 0,5 e 1%) ou no diluidor glicina-gema-leite (controle). A motilidade foi determinada pelo sistema computadorizado de análise de sêmen (CASA), a integridade de membrana pela combinação dos corantes fluorescente iodeto de propídio e diacetato de carboxifluoresceína (IP+DIC) e o estádio de capacitação pela técnica da CTC. Houve efeito significativo do tratamento em todos os parâmetros da motilidade, na integridade de membranas e na capacitação espermática. A adição de 0,5% ou 1% de OEP ao diluidor TRIS-gema aumentou significativamente (P<0,05) a motilidade, a integridade de membranas e o percentual de espermatozóides não capacitados, comparado ao controle. O diluidor TRIS 1 foi selecionado para utilização como meio base para o experimento 2. No Experimento 2, foi determinado o efeito da adição dos antioxidantes ao diluidor. O sêmen foi coletado e os seguintes tratamentos foram aplicados: T1- TRIS (controle), T2- TRO+ (diluidor T1 + Trolox, 50mM/108 espermatozóides), T3-CAT+ (diluidor T1 + catalase, 50mg/mL), T4- TRO/CAT+ (diluidor T1 + Trolox e Catalase, nas mesmas concentrações utilizadas no T2 e T3)...(Rsumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: The aim of this study was to determine the effect of addition of surfactant sodium lauryl sulfate (Orvus es Paste OEP), and antioxidants, Trolox-C (6- hydroxy-2,5,7,8-tetramethylchroman-2-carboxilic acid) and catalase to an extender on the motility, plasmatic and acrosomal and mitochondrial membrane integrity, capacitation status and free radicals generation of post thaw ram spermatozoa. Two experiments were performed. In Experiment 1, the effect of addition of surfactant was evaluated. The semen was collected from ten rams by artificial vagina and it was diluted to a final concentration of 400x 106 sperm/mL in egg yolk-Tris extender containing OEP (0, 0.5 and 1%) or glycinegg yolk-milk extender (control). The sperm motility was evaluated using a computer-assisted sperm analysis (CASA); the membrane integrity was verified using the fluorescent stains (propidium iodide and carboxyfluorescein diacetate) and the capacitation status determined by CTC technique. There was a significant treatment effect in all parameters involving sperm motility, membrane integrity and spermatic capacitation. The addition of OEP 0.5% or 1% to the egg yolk-Tris extender improved (P<0.05) the motility and membrane integrity and the percentage of uncapacited spermatozoa compared to the control. Then, the TRIS 1 extender was selected to be used at experiment 2. Experiment 2: the Exp 2 aimmed to determine the effect of antioxidants addition to the extender. Semen was collected and these treatments were applied: T1 - egg yolk-Tris extender (control), T2- TRO+ (T1 extender +Trolox, 50mM/108 spermatozoa), T3- CAT+ (T1 extender + catalase, 50mg/mL) and T4 TRO/CAT+ (T1 extender + trolox and catalase on the concentrations used in T2 and T3). Motility was determined by CASA system, plasmatic and acrosomal 4 membrane integrity and mitochondrial function were evaluated with PI, FITCPSA and JC-1 association...(Complete abstract, click electronic address below) / Doutor

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:35:12Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2006-12-18Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T20:46:13Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 maia_ms_dr_botfmvz.pdf: 678528 bytes, checksum: 3bcfd108f831025fba94f0aefc916387 (MD5) / Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) / O Objetivo deste estudo foi determinar o efeito da adição do surfactante lauril sulfato de sódio (Orvus es Paste OEP) e dos antioxidantes Trolox-C (6- hidroxi-2, 5,7,8-tetrametilcroman-2-acido carboxílico) e catalase ao meio diluidor, na motilidade espermática, integridade de membrana plasmática, acrossomal e mitocondrial, estádio de capacitação e geração de radicais livres no espermatozóide ovino pós-descongelação. Para isso, foram realizados dois experimentos. No Experimento 1, avaliou-se o efeito da adição do surfactante ao diluidor. O sêmen de 10 carneiros foi coletado por meio de vagina artificial e diluído para uma concentração final de 400x106 espermatozóides/mL no meio Tris-gema contendo OEP (0; 0,5 e 1%) ou no diluidor glicina-gema-leite (controle). A motilidade foi determinada pelo sistema computadorizado de análise de sêmen (CASA), a integridade de membrana pela combinação dos corantes fluorescente iodeto de propídio e diacetato de carboxifluoresceína (IP+DIC) e o estádio de capacitação pela técnica da CTC. Houve efeito significativo do tratamento em todos os parâmetros da motilidade, na integridade de membranas e na capacitação espermática. A adição de 0,5% ou 1% de OEP ao diluidor TRIS-gema aumentou significativamente (P<0,05) a motilidade, a integridade de membranas e o percentual de espermatozóides não capacitados, comparado ao controle. O diluidor TRIS 1 foi selecionado para utilização como meio base para o experimento 2. No Experimento 2, foi determinado o efeito da adição dos antioxidantes ao diluidor. O sêmen foi coletado e os seguintes tratamentos foram aplicados: T1- TRIS (controle), T2- TRO+ (diluidor T1 + Trolox, 50mM/108 espermatozóides), T3-CAT+ (diluidor T1 + catalase, 50mg/mL), T4- TRO/CAT+ (diluidor T1 + Trolox e Catalase, nas mesmas concentrações utilizadas no T2 e T3)...(Rsumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / The aim of this study was to determine the effect of addition of surfactant sodium lauryl sulfate (Orvus es Paste OEP), and antioxidants, Trolox-C (6- hydroxy-2,5,7,8-tetramethylchroman-2-carboxilic acid) and catalase to an extender on the motility, plasmatic and acrosomal and mitochondrial membrane integrity, capacitation status and free radicals generation of post thaw ram spermatozoa. Two experiments were performed. In Experiment 1, the effect of addition of surfactant was evaluated. The semen was collected from ten rams by artificial vagina and it was diluted to a final concentration of 400x 106 sperm/mL in egg yolk-Tris extender containing OEP (0, 0.5 and 1%) or glycinegg yolk-milk extender (control). The sperm motility was evaluated using a computer-assisted sperm analysis (CASA); the membrane integrity was verified using the fluorescent stains (propidium iodide and carboxyfluorescein diacetate) and the capacitation status determined by CTC technique. There was a significant treatment effect in all parameters involving sperm motility, membrane integrity and spermatic capacitation. The addition of OEP 0.5% or 1% to the egg yolk-Tris extender improved (P<0.05) the motility and membrane integrity and the percentage of uncapacited spermatozoa compared to the control. Then, the TRIS 1 extender was selected to be used at experiment 2. Experiment 2: the Exp 2 aimmed to determine the effect of antioxidants addition to the extender. Semen was collected and these treatments were applied: T1 - egg yolk-Tris extender (control), T2- TRO+ (T1 extender +Trolox, 50mM/108 spermatozoa), T3- CAT+ (T1 extender + catalase, 50mg/mL) and T4 TRO/CAT+ (T1 extender + trolox and catalase on the concentrations used in T2 and T3). Motility was determined by CASA system, plasmatic and acrosomal 4 membrane integrity and mitochondrial function were evaluated with PI, FITCPSA and JC-1 association...(Complete abstract, click electronic address below)