Thesis (M. P. A.)--Texas State University-San Marcos, 2007. / "Fall 2007." Includes bibliographical references (leaves 62-67).

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Hawaii, 1989. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 135-153).

This report explores the long-term demographic changes occurring near Dallas Area Rapid Transit (DART) stations. The study area chosen to employ the shift share method consists of two segments of DART stations along the Red Line in Dallas, Texas. The downtown DART study area consists of census tracts surrounding light rail stations: Cedars, Convention Center, Union Station, West End, Akard, St. Paul, and Pearl, and the DART suburban study area consists of census tracts around the following stations: City Place, Mockingbird Station, Lovers Lane, Park Lane, Walnut Hill, Forest Lane, and LBJ/Central. Using the shift share method with demographic data obtained through the US Census Bureau from 1990 and 2005-2009 American Community Survey estimates, this analysis illustrates demographic changes over time as a result of light rail transit investments. The results indicate that demographic characteristics of residents have changed considerably since the introduction of light rail in Dallas. Although the growth trends in the DART neighborhoods are comparable to the growth trends of the city, the DART census tracts on average have experienced greater increases in population, attracted an influx of highly educated residents with higher household incomes, and experienced significant increases in high-density development surrounding transit stations. For the most part, growth has been stronger locally than on a citywide level, and these trends have occurred most noticeably in the downtown DART neighborhoods, where transit and financial measures have sparked a development boom in which total population and housing units have grown by the hundredth and even thousandth percentile. Additionally, these demographic changes create unintended consequences that affect people of varying socio-economic statuses. Although the shift of highly educated, wealthier individuals in neighborhoods creates a greater social mix among residents, lower-income residents of these transit neighborhoods quickly get priced out of their neighborhoods. / text

The growth in the global tourism market place presents many countries with great opportunities to capitalize on their natural competitive advantages. However, achieving the economic potential of global tourism remains elusive for many countries despite their natural advantages. In this context, Portugal is a case in point. The Portuguese tourism industry is facing some serious challenges that are limiting its potential. This study utilizes the shift-share technique in order to offer Portuguese policy-makers systematic and practical insights into the characteristics of the Portuguese tourism industry in the context of the challenges and opportunities of the global tourism market place. Understanding the dynamics and characteristics of the Portuguese tourism industry in a comparative context is a crucial first step toward formulating a strategy aimed at improving Portuguese competitive standing in the growing tourism market.

Much of the recent work in the area of implicit contract theory hypothesizes that firms and workers differ in their attitudes towards risk. The optimal wage and employment contract calls for shifting some of the risk associated with a randomly fluctuating marginal product of labor from the more risk averse party to the less risk averse party. The purpose of this dissertation is to explore the empirical implications of this risk shifting hypothesis. In particular, the following question is addressed: "How can we empirically identify whether risk shifting is occurring in the labor market?” Chapter 2 explores this question in the context of an implicit contract model with nominal variables and a randomly fluctuating price level. Under the usual assumption of risk neutral firms and risk averse workers the implications of the model are refuted by the industry level nominal wage stylized facts. Under the assumption that risk neutral workers insure risk averse firms the model is capable of explaining the stylized facts about the co-movements in nominal wages and employment. Chapter 3 explores this question in the context of a long-term implicit contract model with bankruptcy constraints. It is shown that if risk neutral firms insure risk averse workers then the real wage will respond asymmetrically to permanent and temporary revenue function disturbances. In particular, the real wage will respond more to a given permanent shock than to a temporary shock of the same size. Chapter 4 empirically tests this asymmetric wage response implication. A frequency domain technique is developed for decomposing a measure of revenue function disturbances into its permanent and temporary components and the real wage is regressed on each component. A sample of 12 4-digit SIC code industries are tested. The industry wage responses are estimated separately and as a system of seemingly unrelated regressions. Estimated separately, the results support the asymmetric response implication for 7 of the 12 industries at the .10 level of significance and 6 of the 12 industries at the .05 level. Estimated as a system the joint asymmetric response hypothesis is supported at the .01 level of significance for the 12 industries. / Ph. D. / incomplete_metadata

The aim is to assessment the development of employment and income. Assess the dynamics and differentiation of net cash income of the population by region and sector of the economy. Employment is one of the key areas of concern not only the Czech Republic, but all Member States of the European Union. Employment policy is intended to promote employment and is one of the major areas of social policy. The incomes of the population significantly affects living standards, competitiveness and hence aggregate demand. For surveys of household income to apply various methods. Income inequality can be measured in different ways. The most popular methods include the Gini coefficient and Lorenz curve. The household is most popular statistical unit whose income is observed.

In the United States, the federal Empowerment Zone (EZ) program aimed to create and retain business investment in poor communities and to encourage local hiring through the use of special tax credits, relaxed regulations, social service grants, and other incentives. My dissertation explores whether the Round II Urban EZs had a beneficial impact on local communities and what factors influenced the implementation and performance of the EZs, using three modes of inquiry. First, linear regression models investigate whether the federal revitalization program had a statistically significant impact on the creation of new businesses and jobs in Round II Urban EZ communities. Second, location quotient and shift-share analysis are used to reveal the industry clusters in three EZ communities that experienced positive business and job growth. Third, qualitative analysis is employed to explore factors that influenced the implementation and performance of EZs in general, and in particular, Miami-Dade County, Florida. The results show an EZ’s presence failed to have a significant influence on local business and job growth. In communities that experienced a beneficial impact from EZs, there has been a pattern of decline in manufacturing companies and increase in service-driven firms. The case study suggests that institutional factors, such as governance structure, leadership, administrative capacity, and community participation have affected the effectiveness of the program’s implementation and performance.

Submitted by Juliana Correa (juliana.correa@unioeste.br) on 2017-09-06T13:52:04Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Eloisa C. Dalchiavon2017.pdf: 1997988 bytes, checksum: 9f301bf9c31a2fc1eb6731ea3ea146ea (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-09-06T13:52:04Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Eloisa C. Dalchiavon2017.pdf: 1997988 bytes, checksum: 9f301bf9c31a2fc1eb6731ea3ea146ea (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-02-03 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / This study has for general objective to analyze the economic development, measured to IFDM, of the municipality of the state of Parana in the period from 2005 to 2013.The specific objectives are: present the evolution of the IFDM of the municipality of the state of Parana, for the state and geographic mesoregions; analyze the spatial distribution of the developed of the state of Parana in the period from 2005 to 2013 and check the composition of the job in the period, of the mesoregions. For the objectives proposed draw on the descriptive analysis of the data in relation the IFDM, the Exploratory Spatial Data Analysis (ESDA), seeking to view how is spatially distributed the development of Parana, and the method of analyze shiftshare to study the employment performance in the regions and sectors of economic activities. The results found for the descriptive analysis show that the economic development of the states of Parana occur different way between regions, stand out the mesoregions North Central and West, that had greater number of municipalities classified with high development (IFDM general) in 2013. In contrast, the mesoregion Central South didn't present municipalities with high IFDM general, in both the years. The results of the ESDA indicate the existence of the autocorrelation spatial positive in the data, in other words, there is similarity between the values of the IFDM general of the municipalities and their spatial localization. The maps of cluster LISA indicated the existence, in 2005, of the three clusters high-high located in the regions: North Central, Northwest and west of the state, and two clusters low-low located in the regions: Middle Western ,North Central, Middle Oriental and Middle South. In 2013, there was a increase in the number of the significant clusters, and theses lie longer distributed than in 2005. Were indentified four clusters high-high, that belong the regions North Central, Northwest, West and Southwest, and three clusters low-low belong the regions: Middle South, Middle Western, Middle Oriental, North Central, North Pioneer and Southeast. In relation the analyze shift-share of employment of the state, the number of jobs of Parana, from 2005 to 2013, increased 47,98%. It was verified that the three sectors that presented the highest employment growth in the state were: Construction industry; Footwear Industry and Mechanical Industry. In regional terms, the regions Southwest, West, Northwest and North Central stand out with the percentage change of increase of employment greater than state. The group of analysis realized allow to infer the regions that in relation of IFDM general of municipalities are that present clusters of development significant high-high, in other words, the municipalities these regions present high value of IFDM general and they are surrounded by municipalities with high value too. Similarly, the regions with the highest employment growth, according to shift-share analysis, they are that didn't have improve IFDM general and identification of clusters of development high-high. / Este estudo tem por objetivo geral analisar o desenvolvimento econômico, medido por meio do IFDM, dos municípios paranaenses no período de 2005 a 2013. Tem-se como objetivos específicos: apresentar a evolução do IFDM dos municípios paranaenses, para o estado e para as mesorregiões geográficas que o compõem; analisar a distribuição espacial do desenvolvimento dos municípios do Paraná nos anos 2005 e 2013, e verificar a composição do emprego no período, das mesorregiões. Para atender aos objetivos propostos utiliza-se a análise descritiva dos dados em relação ao IFDM, a Análise Exploratória de Dados Espaciais (AEDE), buscando visualizar como está distribuído espacialmente o desenvolvimento do Paraná, e o método de análise estrutural-diferencial para verificar o comportamento do emprego nas regiões e setores de atividades econômicas. Os resultados encontrados pela análise descritiva mostram que o desenvolvimento econômico dos municípios paranaenses ocorreu de forma diversa entre as regiões, destacando-se as mesorregiões Norte Central e Oeste, as quais tiveram o maior número de municípios classificados com alto desenvolvimento (IFDM geral) em 2013. Por outro lado, a mesorregião Centro-Sul não apresentou municípios com IFDM geral alto, em ambos os anos. Os resultados da AEDE indicam a existência de autocorrelação espacial positiva nos dados, ou seja, existe similaridade entre os valores do IFDM geral dos municípios e a sua localização espacial. Os mapas de cluster LISA indicaram a existência, em 2005, de três clusters significativos AltoAlto localizados nas regiões Norte Central, Noroeste e Oeste do estado, e dois clusters significativos Baixo-Baixo localizados nas regiões, Centro-Ocidental, Norte Central, CentroOriental e Centro-Sul. Em 2013, houve um aumento no número de clusters significativos, e estes encontraram-se mais distribuídos do que em 2005. Foram identificados quatro clusters Alto-Alto, que pertencem às regiões Norte Central, Noroeste, Oeste e Sudoeste, e três clusters Baixo-Baixo pertencentes às regiões Centro-Sul, Centro-Ocidental, Centro-Oriental, Norte Central, Norte Pioneiro e Sudeste. Em relação à análise estrutural-diferencial do emprego do estado, tem-se que, o número de empregos do Paraná, de 2005 a 2013, aumentou 47,98%. Verificou-se que os três setores que apresentaram maior crescimento do emprego no estado foram: Construção Civil; Indústria de Calçados e Indústria Mecânica. Em termos regionais, as regiões Sudoeste, Oeste, Noroeste e Norte Central se destacaram com variação percentual de crescimento do emprego maior que a do estado. O conjunto das análises realizadas permite inferir que as regiões que se destacaram em relação ao IFDM geral dos seus municípios foram as que apresentaram clusters de desenvolvimento significativos Alto-Alto, ou seja, os municípios dessas regiões apresentaram alto valor de IFDM geral e estão rodeados por municípios com alto valor também. Do mesmo modo, as regiões que apresentaram maior crescimento do emprego, de acordo com a análise estrutural-diferencial, foram as que tiveram melhores IFDM geral e identificação de clusters de desenvolvimento Alto-Alto.

The aim of this thesis is to gain improved understanding of the income convergence between Finland and Sweden 1950-2000 with a focus on catch-up growth, wage formation, productivity growth, migration and structural change in a setting of structural and institutional differences on the factor markets. Earlier studies of Finnish and Swedish convergence has overlooked the international perspective and therefore missed the general European – US convergence during the period. The results shows that Sweden converged to 80 percent of the US productivity level in the early 1970s and is following US productivity growth thereafter. The Finnish catch-up growth towards the US continues until the beginning of the 1990s. This corresponds well with the convergence of labour productivity between Finland and Sweden which took place around 1970 and the gap was closed in the beginning of the 1990s. The convergence between the countries can therefore be understood from the catch-up growth against the USA and if the countries growth rates are plotted against their income level 1950 one can see that the two countries are well in line with other West European countries. This means that either country is deviating in a positive or negative direction during the period. This is to some extent in contrast with the view that has been put forward in the countries national economic historical writing where Finland is often since as a growth miracle while Sweden especially since 1970s is seen as a case of falling behind.      In order to explain the convergence scenario structural and institutional differences on the countries factor markets is examined. One aspect concerns Barry Eichengreens hypothesis regarding wage moderation as cause of the Post-War European convergence. The wage setting system in Sweden has been put forward by Eichengreen as a raw model for the type of institutional setting that would promote wage moderation. One central finding in this thesis is that we can not find support for wage moderation for Sweden as the labour share of the national income rises during the phase of Swedish catch-up growth while the labour income share was constant and periodically falling in Finland. In contrast with the view of the Finnish low interest rate policy during the post- the actual real interest rate was lower in Sweden.      There has also been a significant migration flow from Finland to Sweden especially from the 1950s to mid 1970s.  In the thesis we find a positive and significant relationship between wage and productivity differences on industry level between the countries. This supports the conclusion that migration was leading towards factor price convergence between the countries.      The shift-share analysis shows that there were higher gains for the productivity growth in reallocating labour on the Finnish labour market than in Sweden. This could be explained by the higher share of the labour in the agricultural sector as predicted by Peter Temin.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-04-11T13:52:48Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao Fabio Heleno.pdf: 634046 bytes, checksum: 60fe4a200379097b6d7c11e49f61c628 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-02-27 / FAPEAM - Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Amazonas / The petrochemical industry occupies a special position in the national industry in face of his importance for the economical and productive development of the country and of the areas where it settles. The reflections of this dissertation are centered in the analysis of the concentration process, specialization and dynamism on Brazilian petrochemical industry in the period of 1995 and 2005. The adopted methods were the normalized concentration index, location quotient and the shift-share. To test those empiric models the base of personal computer-data of RAIS it was used. The results indicate the areas that hold the Brazilian main petrochemicals poles (Camaçari-BA, ABC-SP and Triunfo-RS) presented high agglomeration levels and specialization with tendency for geographical decentralization in the indicators. Tendency to the gathering and specialization of activities petrochemicals in other areas (especially Alagoas, Manaus and Rio de Janeiro), forming local systems of production, due to the production of the basic raw material and of effects in chain originated by the specific economical activities of each area. It was also verified that there was a slow dynamism of the petrochemical industry national, due to the combination of the structural and differential effects unfavorable, carting in competitive disadvantage. / A indústria petroquímica ocupa uma posição especial na indústria nacional em face de sua importância para o desenvolvimento econômico e produtivo do país e das regiões onde se instala. As reflexões desta dissertação se centram na análise do processo de concentração, especialização e dinamismo da indústria petroquímica brasileira no período de 1995 e 2005. Foram adotados os métodos do índice de concentração normalizado, quociente locacional e o shift-share. Para testar esses modelos empíricos foi utilizada a base de micro-dados da RAIS. Os resultados indicam que as regiões que comportam os principais pólos petroquímicos do país (Camaçari-BA, ABC-SP e Triunfo-RS), apresentaram elevados níveis de concentração e especialização com tendência para desconcentração geográfica nos indicadores. Tendência à aglomeração e especialização de atividades petroquímicas em outras regiões (especialmente Alagoas, Manaus e Rio de Janeiro), formando sistemas locais de produção, por conta da produção da matéria-prima básica e de efeitos em cadeia originados pelas atividades econômicas específicas de cada região. Verificou-se também que houve um lento dinamismo da indústria petroquímica nacional, por conta da combinação dos efeitos estrutural e diferencial desfavoráveis, acarretando em desvantagem competitiva.