Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:26:41Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2011-02-24Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:54:53Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 dias_jpt_me_botfca.pdf: 2425163 bytes, checksum: 11fa8bbe7cf0003639b0ab466f25c25d (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / Objetivou-se estudar os efeitos de citocinina e bioestimulante (citocinina/giberelina) para promover brotações em estacas de raízes e de auxina para promover a formação de raízes nessas brotações, com isso, propondo uma alternativa para a produção de mudas da amoreira-preta. O primeiro experimento constou de cinco concentrações de 6-benziloaminopurina (BAP), na forma de solução: T1= 0 mg L-1; T2= 100 mg L-1, T3= 200 mg L-1, T4= 400 mg L-1 e T5= 800 mg L-1, aplicadas em toda a estaca de raiz por imersão durante 18 horas, distribuídas em quatro repetições, sendo a parcela de 15 estacas radiciais. No segundo experimento adotou-se cinco concentrações do bioestimulante Promalin® na forma de solução: T1= 0 mg L-1; T2 = 10 mg L-1, T3= 20 mg L-1, T4= 40 mg L 1 e T5= 80 mg L-1. Posteriormente, as estacas radiciais foram mergulhadas nessas soluções durante 12 horas. Utilizaram-se sete repetições, com a parcela constituída por uma bandeja com 10 estacas radiciais, durante 70 dias. A aplicação dos reguladores vegetais, BAP e PromalinÒ, em concentrações altas inibiram o desenvolvimento de brotações em estacas radiciais de amoreira-preta e as características de desenvolvimento dessas brotações, sendo os melhores resultados alcançados sem a aplicação dos reguladores vegetais. Posteriormente, as estacas de raízes de amoreira-preta (sem aplicação de regulador vegetal) foram coletadas de plantas matrizes e colocadas em câmara de nebulização, sendo dispostas em bandejas de polietileno brancas, com casca de arroz carbonizada, conforme o melhor tratamento. Após 60 dias, procedeu-se a retirada das brotações das estacas radiciais, com o corte rente à estaca. Foi feita a seleção e padronização das estacas de brotações, sendo deixadas com altura de dez centímetros e três a quatro folhas por broto, utilizadas para a instalação do terceiro experimento... / The objective was to study the effects of cytokinin and plant growth regulators (cytokinin/gibberellin) to promote shoot growth on root cuttings and auxin to promote root formation in these shoots with that proposing an alternative for the production of seedlings of blackberry. The first experiment consisted of five concentrations of 6- benzylaminopurine (BAP): T1= 0 mg L-1, T2= 100 mg L-1, T3= 200 mg L-1, T4= 400 mg L- 1 and T5= 800 mg L-1, applied across the cutting immersed for 18 hours, divided into four replicates of plot share of 15 root cuttings. The second experiment has five Promalin ®concentrations: T1= 0 mg L-1, T2= 10 mg L-1, T3= 20 mg L-1, T4= 40 mg L-1 and T5= 80 mg L-1, then the root cuttings were dipped in these solutions for 12 hours. Seven replicates were used with the plot had a tray with 10 root cuttings during 70 days. The application of BAP and PromalinÒ in high concentrations inhibited the shoots development in root cuttings of blackberry and the best results was without the application of plant growth regulators. The root cuttings of blackberry (without aplicacation of plant growth regulator) were colleted from stock plants and placed in a mist chamber, being arranged in white polyethylene trays with carbonized rice hull, as the best treatment. After 60 days, we proceeded to the removal of the shoots, cut flush with the close root cutting. It was made the selection and standardization of shoot cuttings, being left with a height of ten inches and three to four leaves per shoot, used for the installation of the third experiment. The treatments consisted of six concentrations of indole-3-butyric acid (IBA): T1= 0 mg L-1, T2= 250 mg L-1, T3= 500 mg L-1, T4= 1000 mg L- 1, T5= 2000 mg L-1 and T6= 4000 mg L-1 applied on the basis of shoot cuttings for ten seconds, in six replication of 12 shoots, for 60 days. The highest concentrations of IBA inhibited root development... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:35:17Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2008-12-09Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T21:07:48Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 silva_ks_dr_ilha.pdf: 1832156 bytes, checksum: ff271562795294657eaa5ee4bd4117fd (MD5) / O trabalho teve por objetivo avaliar o efeito da aplicação de diferentes concentrações (0; 50; 100 e 150 mg L-1) de paclobutrazol (PBZ) na produção de mudas, no crescimento, desenvolvimento de plantas, na produção e na qualidade físico-química de dois híbridos de tomateiro (Jennifer e AF 7631), em campo aberto e em ambiente protegido. O trabalho foi desenvolvido de abril a outubro de 2007, na UNESP - Campus de Ilha Solteira, Estado de São Paulo. O PBZ foi aplicado às mudas, aos 15 dias após a germinação. Para avaliação das mudas, foi utilizado delineamento inteiramente casualizado, em esquema fatorial, com 4 repetições e 10 plântulas por parcela. Para avaliação do desenvolvimento e produtividade dos híbridos após transplante, adotou-se o delineamento em blocos casualizados, em esquema fatorial, com análise para grupo de experimentos, modelo fixo, com 4 blocos por ambiente e 9 plantas por parcela. O uso de concentrações crescentes de paclobutrazol reduziu a taxa de crescimento e a altura de plantas, aumentou o diâmetro da haste, reduziu a brotação lateral e reduziu a produtividade da cultura. O PBZ também influenciou significativamente na massa de seca de parte aérea, com aumento linear na massa seca da parte radicular. O híbrido Jennifer apresentou maiores taxas de crescimento absoluto, resultando em plantas com maior altura que o AF 7631, sem que houvesse diferenças entre eles, no que se refere ao diâmetro da haste, brotação lateral e produtividade. Em ambiente protegido, foram obtidas plantas mais vigorosas, com maior altura, brotação lateral e maior produtividade que em campo aberto. O ambiente de cultivo não interferiu em nenhuma das características qualitativas avaliadas, para o híbrido AF 7631, enquanto que, para o Jennifer houve efeito significativo do ambientes de cultivo sobre o teor de sólidos solúveis e acidez titulável... / This study aimed to evaluate the effect of different concentrations (0, 50, 100 and 150 mg L-1) of paclobutrazol (PBZ) on the production of seedlings, plant growth, development, plant yield and physico-chemical quality of fruits, of two tomato hybrids (Jennifer and AF 7631), cultivated in open field and in protected environment. The work was conducted from April to October of 2007, at UNESP - Campus of Ilha Solteira, Sao Paulo State. The PBZ was applied to seedlings, at 15 days after germination. For evaluation of the seedlings, the used statistical experimental design was completely randomized, in factorial outline, with 4 repetitions and 10 seedlings per plot. For evaluation of the development and productivity of two hybrids after transplant it was used a randomized block design, in a factorial array, with analysis for group of experiments, in a fixed model, with 4 replications for environment and 9 plants per plot. The use of increasing concentrations of paclobutrazol reduced the height of plants and their growth rate, increased the stem diameter, decreased the side shooting and reduced the crop yield. PBZ also influenced significantly in the dry shoot, with lineal increase in the dry roots. The hybrid Jennifer showed higher rates of absolute growth, resulting in higher plants than AF 7631, but, with no differences between them, regarding to the stem diameter, to side shooting and crop yield. In the greenhouse, it was obtained higher plants with higher side shooting and higher yield than that observed in the open field. The cultivation environment didn't interfere in none of the appraised qualitative characteristics, for the hybrid AF 7631, while, for Jennifer there was significant effect of the cultivation environment on the contents of soluble solids and titratable acidity, not affecting, however, the maturation index. However of the cultivation... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)

Orientador: Lilian Beatriz Penteado Zaidan / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Biologia / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-13T07:49:31Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Santos_VanessaReboucasdos_D.pdf: 832172 bytes, checksum: fd8402411397a7ed317acd370f3b06a3 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009 / Resumo: O mercado mundial da floricultura tem incentivado a introdução e produção de novas plantas tropicais, cujas formas inusitadas, exuberantes e coloridas têm alto potencial ornamental. No Brasil, o cultivo para a produção de flores tropicais vem aumentando, graças às condições ambientais favoráveis, à disponibilidade de terras, água e energia, além da mão de obra relativamente barata, que incidem diretamente na qualidade do produto e possibilitam custos competitivos nos mercados externos. Porém, existem limitações para a expansão de produtos novos, dentre elas, a falta de informação quanto às condições de cultivo intensivo de espécies potenciais e a sua conservação em condições tropicais. As espécies do gênero Costus (Costaceae) vêm despertando grande interesse ornamental devido às suas inflorescências que apresentam beleza e exoticidade. O objetivo do presente trabalho foi estudar o crescimento, a propagação, a floração e os carboidratos de reserva em plantas de Costus arabicus L. cultivadas sob condições de casa de vegetação, com vistas a oferecer conhecimento fisiológico e informações técnicas para o cultivo dessa espécie como planta ornamental. Plantas de C. arabicus foram transplantadas para vasos e mantidas sob condições de casa de vegetação. As plantas foram submetidas a tratamentos fotoperiódicos de 8, 12, 16 e 20 h, avaliando-se o crescimento vegetativo (brotações, hastes, altura e número de folhas) e a floração. Para o estudo da propagação vegetativa, os rizomas de C. arabicus foram divididos em suas regiões distal, mediana e proximal e cultivados em diferentes épocas: plantio realizado em julho (inverno), com as plantas matrizes em estádio prévio à floração; plantio realizado em novembro (primavera), com as plantas matrizes em floração; e plantio realizado em março (outono), com as plantas matrizes em estádio vegetativo. A floração foi avaliada pelo aparecimento de botão floral, pela fase de desenvolvimento da inflorescência, número de flores desenvolvidas e tempo decorrido da antese até a senescência da flor. Foram realizadas análises de amido e carboidratos solúveis (açúcares totais e redutores) do rizoma e foram registradas a massa fresca (MF) e a massa seca (MS) da parte aérea e do rizoma e calculada a razão MF/MS. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi o inteiramente casualizado. As médias dos tratamentos foram comparadas segundo Tukey com 5% de probabilidade. Os resultados indicaram que as variáveis de crescimento analisadas foram influenciadas pelo fotoperíodo e favorecidas por dias longos. De modo geral, a capacidade propagativa do rizoma independe da região utilizada, porém a região proximal favoreceu a formação de brotos, principalmente no verão. Plantas de C. arabicus têm ciclo de desenvolvimento anual, com uma fase de crescimento vegetativo, latência no crescimento na época do inverno e floração entre novembro e abril. Botões florais foram observados em todos os tratamentos fotoperiódicos e, portanto, a indução floral não foi uma resposta qualitativa a esse fator ambiental. Contudo, a resposta de floração, com base nos diversos aspectos avaliados foi favorecida no fotoperíodo de 16 h e em termos quantitativos, fotoperíodo de 8 h foi desfavorável para a floração. A melhor época de plantio visando à floração foi no mês de julho, pois o processo de floração ocorreu após apenas quatro meses de cultivo das plantas, quando comparadas com as plantas obtidas de rizomas cultivados em novembro e março, que levaram aproximadamente 12 e 8 meses, respectivamente, para florescer. O amido foi considerado o principal carboidrato de reserva do rizoma e foi hidrolisado durante o processo de floração, enquanto os açúcares totais foram utilizados como fonte primária de energia para a brotação dos rizomas de plantas de C. arabicus. Os resultados obtidos do crescimento, propagação vegetativa e floração permitem que as plantas de C. arabicus possam ser aproveitadas como plantas ornamentais, visto que suas características morfológicas, como a filotaxia em espiral, a inflorescência esverdeada, as flores brancas com labelo róseo, são aspectos interessantes para o mercado da floricultura. / Abstract: The world market for floriculture is encouraging the introduction and production of new tropical plants, with their unusual forms, exuberant and colorful, with high ornamental potential. In Brazil, the cultivation for production of tropical flowers are increasing due to, favourable environmental factors, availability of land, water, energy and relatively cheap labour which reflects directly on the quality of the products and offers competitive costs in foreign markets. But there are limitations to the expansion of new products, including the misinformation about the conditions of intensive cultivation of new plant species and their potential conservation in tropical conditions. The species of the genus Costus (Costaceae) are attracting great interest because of their ornamental flowers with high beauty and exoticity. The objective of this work was to study propagation, growth, flowering and the reserve compounds in plants of Costus arabicus L. growing under glasshouse conditions, aiming to offer technical information and physiological knowledge for the cultivation of this species as an ornamental plant. Plants of C. arabicus were transplanted to pots and kept under the conditions of a greenhouse. The plants were subjected to photoperiodic treatments of 8, 12, 16 and 20 h. Vegetative growth (shoots, stems, height and number of leaves) and flowering were evaluated. For vegetative propagation, rhizomes of C. arabicus were divided in their distal, middle and proximal regions and were grown in different seasons: planting held in July (winter), when the plants were in a stage prior to flowering; planting held in November (spring), when the plants were flowering and planting held in March (autumn), when the plant were in vegetative stage. Flowering was assessed by the appearance of floral buds, the developmental stage of the inflorescence, the number of flowers developed and elapsed time from anthesis to senescence of the flower. Analysis of soluble starch and carbohydrates (total and reducing carbohydrates) of rhizome were performed. Fresh mass (FM) and dry matter (DM) of the shoot and the rhizome were recorded to calculate the ratio FM/DM. The experimental design was a completely randomized. The averages were compared according to Tukey at 5% probability. The results indicated that the growth of variables analyzed were influenced by photoperiod and favored by long days. In general, the ability of the rhizome to propagate not depends on the region used, but the proximal region favored vegetative growth development, formation of shoots, the development of rods, plant height and number of leaves, mainly on summer. Plants of C. arabicus have annual cycle of development, with a phase of vegetative growth, followed by latency of winter season and flowering between November and April. Floral buds were observed in all photoperiodic treatments, and therefore floral induction was not a qualitative response to this environmental factor. However, the response of flowering, based on the various aspects assessed was favored in the photoperiod of 16 h in quantitative terms, photoperiod of 8 h was unfavorable for flowering. The best season for flowering was when planting is in July, because the process of flowering occurred after only four months of cultivation of the plants, when compared with the plants obtained from rhizomes, cultivated in November and March, which brought about 12 and 8 months, respectively, to flower. Starch was considered the main carbohydrate reserve of rhizome and noted that it was hydrolyzed during the process of flowering, while the total sugar were used as a primary energy source for the sprouting of the rhizomes. The results of growth, vegetative propagation and flowering allow the plants of C. arabicus can be used as ornamental plants since its morphological characteristics, such as spiral phytolaxy, the green inflorescence, and the white flowers with pink labelo, are interesting aspects to the market for floriculture. / Doutorado / Doutor em Biologia Vegetal

Submitted by Aline Batista (alinehb.ufpel@gmail.com) on 2015-03-24T16:59:16Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Teor de biocompostos em germinados de linhaça (Linum usitatissimum L.) e painço (Panicum miliaceum L.).pdf: 1129206 bytes, checksum: 58f931ac6a3f9310aca97ee36fa66392 (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Aline Batista (alinehb.ufpel@gmail.com) on 2015-03-24T18:02:44Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 Teor de biocompostos em germinados de linhaça (Linum usitatissimum L.) e painço (Panicum miliaceum L.).pdf: 1129206 bytes, checksum: 58f931ac6a3f9310aca97ee36fa66392 (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Aline Batista (alinehb.ufpel@gmail.com) on 2015-03-24T18:04:11Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 Teor de biocompostos em germinados de linhaça (Linum usitatissimum L.) e painço (Panicum miliaceum L.).pdf: 1129206 bytes, checksum: 58f931ac6a3f9310aca97ee36fa66392 (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-03-24T18:04:12Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Teor de biocompostos em germinados de linhaça (Linum usitatissimum L.) e painço (Panicum miliaceum L.).pdf: 1129206 bytes, checksum: 58f931ac6a3f9310aca97ee36fa66392 (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-10-01 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / Vegetais germinados podem ser consumidos frescos em qualquer época do ano, este processo pode melhorar a palatabilidade, o valor nutricional além de alterar o teor dos compostos bioativos em germinados e/ou brotos. Alguns fatores podem influenciar na composição destes produtos, tais como tempo de germinação, espécie e variedade da planta. Portanto, objetivou-se investigar as modificações no perfil de compostos minoritários, especialmente de interesse biológico, resultantes do processo de germinação de linhaça e painço, ao longo do tempo. O experimento foi instalado na Estação Experimental Terras Baixas da Embrapa Clima Temperado, no Município de Capão do Leão, RS. As sementes de linhaça e painço foram adquiridas de produtores comerciais no Estado do RS e distribuídas uniformemente em caixas tipo gerbox contendo duas folhas de papel germitest umedecidos com água destilada (equivalente a 2,5 vezes a massa do papel seco). Em seguida, as caixas foram acondicionadas em germinador regulado com temperatura constante de 21 ºC (±2) para a linhaça e 25 ºC (±2) para o painço, umidade relativa do ar de 80 % (±5) e luminosidade de 24 horas. As coletas dos germinados foram efetuadas 24, 48, 72, 96 e 120 horas após a germinação, além da testemunha, sem germinar (0 hora). Foi considerada a emergência da radícula como indicador da germinação e forma de padronizar a coleta. O trabalho está estruturado em dois artigos, sendo: ARTIGO 1 – Neste estudo objetivou-se avaliar a composição centesimal e o perfil de ácidos graxos nas sementes e os teores de clorofilas, carotenoides, fenóis e a capacidade antioxidante nos germinados de linhaça e painço em diferentes tempos de germinação. Para isso, foi realizado um experimento em delineamento experimental completamente casualizado, arranjado em esquema bifatorial, com três repetições. Ao fator A foi atribuído o tipo de semente (linhaça e painço) e ao fator B, os tempos de germinação (0, 24, 48, 72, 96 e 120 horas após a germinação). A semente de linhaça apresentou maior percentual de lipídios em comparação com a semente de painço. O ácido graxo majoritário na linhaça foi o linolênico, enquanto que os ácidos palmítico, palmitoleico, linoleico e araquídico foram os principais no painço. Houve diferença entre linhaça e painço, em clorofilas, carotenoides totais, fenóis totais e capacidade antioxidante nos tempos 72, 96 e 120 horas após a germinação. ARTIGO 2 - Objetivou-se avaliar a composição centesimal e o perfil de ácidos graxos nas sementes e os teores de clorofilas, carotenoides, fenóis e a capacidade antioxidante, presentes em germinados de Panicum miliaceum L. ao longo da germinação, em duas safras consecutivas. Para isso, foi realizado um experimento em delineamento experimental completamente casualizado, arranjado em esquema bifatorial, com três repetições. Ao fator A foi atribuído a safra (2012/13 e 2013/14) e ao fator B, os tempos de germinação (0, 24, 48, 72, 96 e 120 horas após a germinação). Os resultados demonstraram que a composição centesimal da semente varia em função da safra. O ácido graxo majoritário na semente de painço foi o linoleico, no entanto, foram encontradas diferenças significativas nos teores de ácidos graxos entre as safras, o que decorre das condições climáticas características de cada ano. Houve aumento nos teores de carotenoides totais, compostos fenólicos totais e capacidade antioxidante em função do tempo de germinação para ambas as safras. As sementes germinadas de linhaça e painço contêm diversos compostos que podem ser benéficos à saúde, como alguns carotenoides, compostos fenólicos, o que potencializa a capacidade antioxidante das mesmas. Portanto, o consumo de germinados de linhaça e painço pode ser uma boa alternativa para aumentar o fornecimento destes compostos na dieta humana. / Sprouted vegetables can be eaten fresh at any time of year, this process can improve palatability, nutritional value and alters the content of bioactive compounds in germinated and / or shoots. Several factors can influence the composition of these products, such as time of germination, species and variety of the plant. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the changes in the profile of minor compounds, especially biological, interest resulting from germination of flaxseed and millet process over time. The experiment was conducted at the Experimental Station Lowlands Embrapa Temperate Climate in the City of Capon Lion, RS. The flaxseed and millet were acquired from commercial producers in the state of RS and evenly distributed in boxes type gerbox containing two sheets of paper germitest moistened with distilled water (equivalent to 2.5 times the mass of dry paper). Then the boxes were placed in a germination chamber set at a constant temperature of 21 ° C (± 2) for flaxseed and 25 ° C (± 2) for millet, relative humidity of 80% (± 5) and 24 hours of light . The collections were made from sprouted 24, 48, 72, 96 and 120 hours after germination, and a control without germinate (0 hours). Was considered the emergence of the radicle and germination as an indicator of the way to standardize the collection. The paper is structured in two articles, namely: ARTICLE 1 -In this study aimed to evaluate the proximate composition and fatty acid profile of the seed and the contents of chlorophylls, carotenoids, phenolics and antioxidant capacity in sprouted flaxseed and millet in different times of germination. For this, an experiment in a completely randomized experimental design, arranged in a factorial scheme with three replications was conducted. The factor was attributed to the type of seed (linseed and millet) and factor B, the germination time (0, 24, 48, 72, 96 and 120 hours after germination). Flaxseed had a higher percentage of lipids compared to the seed of millet. The major fatty acids in linseed was linolenic, whereas palmitic, palmitoleic, linolenic and arachidic were the main millet. Was no difference between flaxseed and millet in chlorophylls, carotenoids, phenolic compounds and antioxidant capacity at times 72, 96 and 120 hours after germination. ARTICLE 2 - This study aimed to evaluate the proximate composition and fatty acid profile of the seed and the contents of chlorophylls, carotenoids, phenolics and antioxidant capacity present in Panicum miliaceum L. sprouted along the germination in two consecutive harvests. For this, an experiment in a completely randomized experimental design, arranged in a factorial scheme with three replications was conducted. The factor was attributed to the (2012/13 and 2013/14) and the crop factor B, the germination time (0, 24, 48, 72, 96 and 120 hours after germination). The results demonstrated that the chemical composition of the seed varies according to the season. The major fatty acid in the seed of millet was linoleic, however, significant differences were found in levels of fatty acids between crops, which is climate conditions typical of each year. There were increased levels of carotenoids, phenolic compounds and antioxidant capacity as a function of germination time for both harvests. Germinated seeds and linseed millet contain various compounds that can be beneficial to health, as some carotenoids, phenolic compounds, which enhances the antioxidant capacity of same. Therefore, the consumption of sprouted flax millet and can be a good alternative for increasing the supply of these compounds in the human diet.

Aminoethoxyvinyl glycine (AVG) and silver thiosulfate, antagonists of ethylene biosynthesis and action in plants, both delayed onset of leaf epinasty in Xanthium strumarium L. (cocklebur) plants rotated on horizontal clinostats. Xanthium plants mechanically stressed by continuous horizontal or vertical shaking, or continuous twisting back and forth, did not develop any significant epinasty, while plants inverted every 20 minutes (upside down half the time) did develop epinasty. From this it appears that clinostat-induced epinasty is a result of gravity compensation rather than mechanical stress. Treatment of Xanthium, Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. (tomato), and Ricinus communis L. (castor bean) plants with inhibitors of ethylene biosynthesis, AVG and cobaltous ion, and inhibitors of ethylene action, silver ion and carbon dioxide, significantly delayed stem gravitropic response times. AVG and silver were dependably effective in delaying gravitropism, while carbon dioxide and cobalt were less effective. Unilateral application of ethephon solution (1%) to the upper 10 centimeters of tomato stems, caused stems to deflect up to 80° toward the side of application after 24 hours on a clinostat, while unilateral application of indole-3-acetic acid in lanolin paste (1%) to tomato and cocklebur stems caused up to 250° and 200° bending respectively, away from the side of application after 24 hours on a clinostat. Cocklebur stems that are restricted from bending after placing them horizontally store bending energy as seen from the springing upward that occurs when the stems are released (up to an average of 150° after 40 hours of restriction). Most of these stems also showed a stored stimulus of gravitropic bending, continuing to bend for several hours after release and being placed upright, before straightening.

Eucalyptus trees are a significant source of fuelwood, timber and raw material for the paper and pulp industry. In South Africa, Eucalyptus grandis and its hybrids are in high demand due to their fast growth and suitability of their timber for a wide range of products. Breeding and selection for superior quality eucalypts could sustain this high demand through selection and subsequent multiplication of superior genotypes and their use in controlled crosses. However, for this to be successful, a wide genepool must be available and maintained. Germplasm conservation of both vegetative and sexual material is therefore an integral part of such activities. However, in the case of trees, in vivo conservation practices are expensive and hazardous. The aim of this project was therefore to establish alternative conservation strategies for short-to-medium and long-term use of Eucalyptus spp. to facilitate on-going breeding and clonal programmes. For short-to-medium term storage, shoot cultures were subjected to various minimal growth conditions. Of the investigated treatments, reducing nutrients was the best storage method and shoots were maintained for 10 months with multiplication rates of 13.75 ± 7.05 shoots/explant. Encapsulated axillary buds were stored in jars at 10 °C or 28 °C. Of these two treatments, viability was sustained for longer (6 months) at 4 °C. Before establishing pollen storage regimes, viability assessment methods were evaluated and these consisted of in vitro germination on a BK (Brewbaker and Kwack, 1963) medium for 24 hours (26 ± 3.0%) and staining with two tetrazolium salts. Medium-term storage of pollen was best achieved by maintenance in the fridge (4 °C) without any desiccating substance (8 months at 6.73 ± 1.21%). Cryopreservation protocols were investigated for axillary buds and pollen. Buds that were 2 mm long were pretreated with chemical cryoprotectants, and a mixture of DMSO (dimethylsulphoxide) and glycerol was found to induce high survival rates (63%) after washing with MS (Murashige and Skoog, 1962) and 4 g.l-1 sucrose solution. Explants precultured in 1M sucrose showed increased tolerance (explant retained high survival rates of 80%) when desiccated to 20% moisture content fresh weight basis (fwb). Although pretreatments were successfully established, explants did not survive storage in liquid nitrogen indicating the need for further optimization of protocols. Pollen was successfully cryopreserved for 12 months with 23% survival rates. Applications and future research strategies of the developed protocols to Eucalyptus breeding programmes are discussed. / Thesis (M.Sc.)-University of Natal, Durban, 1998.

Diss. (sammanfattning) Uppsala : Sveriges lantbruksuniversitet, 2005. / Härtill 4 uppsatser.

Thesis (MSc)--Stellenbosch University, 2004. / Full text to be digitised and attached to bibliographic record. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The control of excessive vegetative growth is important in deciduous fruit orchards. Currently the plant growth regulator prohexadione-calcium (p-Ca) is used to control apple shoot growth in the Untited States of America and some European countries. The effect of P-Ca on the shoot and fruit growth of apples (Malus domestica B.), pears (Pyrus cummunis L.), plums (Prunus sa/icina L.) and nectarines (Prunus persica L.) was evaluated. Inhibition of shoot growth can effect fruit growth. Therefore I did a literature review on the fruit growth of pome- and stone fruit. Split pit, a physiological disorder associated with an increased fruit growth rate in stone fruit, was also investigated. During the course of the 2001 / 2002 season two trials were conducted in the Villiersdorp area of the Western Cape on 'Golden Delicious' and 'Granny Smith' apple trees. Single and multiple applications of P-Ca at different rates, with and without the surfactant Dash®, were applied. One of these trials was continued during the 2002 / 2003 season. In the 2001 / 2002 season, P-Ca reduced shoot growth in both trials on 'Golden Delicious'. The shoot growth of 'Granny Smith' was reduced in both trials where PCa was applied three or four times. There was an improvement in the fruit size of 'Golden Delicious' in both trials, but there was no improvement in the fruit size of 'Granny Smith'. In the 2002 / 2003 season, the single P-Ca application did not reduce shoot growth. Unfortunately 'Golden Delicious' was harvested before any data were obtained. Once again P-Ca had no effect on the fruit size of 'Granny Smith'. Dash® did not improve the effect ofP-Ca. In the 2002 / 2003 season we replicated one trial on five different pear cultivars in the Wolsely area of the Western Cape. Single and multiple applications of P-Ca at different rates were compared to a girdling treatment (2 weeks after full bloom). 'Early Bon Chretien', 'Rosemarie', 'Flamingo', 'Forelle' and 'Packham's Triumph' pear trees were used and Dash®was added to all 0f the treatments. P-Ca reduced shoot growth in all of the pear cultivars. Girdling reduced shoot growth only in 'Forelle'. P-Ca increased fruit set of 'Early Bon Chretien', 'Rosemarie' and 'Forelle', however, this was associated with a reduced fruit size of 'Early Bon Chretien' and 'Rosemarie'. Girdling did not increase fruit set, but increased fruit size of 'Flamingo' and 'Early Bon Chretien'. P-Ca reduced return bloom of 'Packham's Triumph' and 'Forelle', whereas girdling increased return bloom in all the cultivars except 'Packham's Triumph'. In the 2002 / 2003 season, trials were also conducted on 'Pioneer' and 'Songold' plums and 'May Glo' nectarine in the Wemmershoek and Stellenbosch area of the Western Cape. Single applications at different rates of P-Ca were applied. Dash® was added to all of the treatments. The higher rates of P-Ca reduced the shoot growth of 'Pioneer'. P-Ca only reduced shoot growth of 'Songold' initially and but did not reduce shoot growth of 'May Glo'. P-Ca had no influence on fruit size of 'Pioneer', 'Songold' or 'May Glo'. P-Ca did not aggravate the occurrence of split pit. In conclusion, P-Ca reduced shoot growth in apples and pears when applied at the appropriate rates. Although P-Ca reduced shoot growth of 'Pioneer' plum, more research needs to be done on stone fruit to optimise timing and rate of P-Ca applications. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die beheer van oormatige lootgroei is van kardinale belang in vrugtebome. Tans word die plantgroeireguleerder proheksadioon-kalsium (P-Ca) gebruik om die lootgroei van appels te beheer in die Verenigde State van Amerika en sekere lande in Europa. Die effek van P-Ca op lootgroei en vruggrootte is in proewe op appels (Malus domestica B.), pere (Pyrus cummunis L.), pruime (Prunus salicina L.) en nekatriens (Prunus persica L.) geëvalueer. Aangesien lootgroei inhibisie moontlik vruggroei kan vesnel, is 'n literatuurstudie oor die vruggroei van kern-en steenvrugte gedoen. Die ontwikkelling van gesplete pit by steenvrugte ('n fisiologiese defek geassosieer met versnelde vruggroei) is ook ondersoek. Gedurende die 2001 / 2002 seisoen is P-Ca in twee afsonderlike proewe in die Villiersdorp area van die Wes Kaap geëvalueer. Enkel en veelvuldige toedienings van verskeie konsentrasies P-Ca, met en sonder die benatter Dash", is op 'Golden Delicious' en 'Granny Smith' bome toegedien. Een proef is herhaal gedurende die 2002 / 2003 seisoen. In die 2001 /2002 seisoen het die P-Ca behandelings in beide proewe die lootgroei van 'Golden Delicious' verminder. Die lootgroei van 'Granny Smith' is in beide proewe verminder waar P-Ca 3 of 4 keer toegedien is. Die vruggrootte van 'Golden Delicious', maar nie 'Granny Smith' nie, is in beide proewe deur die P-Ca verbeter. In die 2002 / 2003 seisoen kon die enkeltoedienings van P-Ca nie die lootgroei verminder van 'Golden Delicious' of 'Granny Smith' nie. 'Golden Delicious' is geoes voor enige inligting oor die vruggrootte ingesamel kon word. Weereens het PCa geen invloed op die vruggrootte van 'Granny Smith' gehad nie. Dash® het nie die effek van P-Ca verbeter nie.In die 2002 / 2003 seisoen is proewe met P-Ca gedoen op 5 verskillende peer kultivars in die Wolsely area van die Wes Kaap. P-Ca is teen verskillende konsentrasies, met enkel en veelvuldige bespuitings toegedien en vergelyk met 'n ringelerings behandeling (2 weke na volblom). 'Early Bon Chretien', 'Rosemarie', 'Flamingo', 'Forelle' en 'Packham's Triumph' bome is gebruik en die benatter Dash® is by al die behandelings gevoeg P-Ca toedienings het lootgroei verminder in 'Early Bon Chretien', 'Rosemarie', 'Flamingo', 'Forelle' en 'Packham's Triumph'. Ringelering kon slegs die lootgroei van 'Forelle' verminder. P-Ca het die vrugset van 'Early Bon Chretien', 'Rosemarie'en 'Forelle' verhoog. Die toename in vrugset het gelei tot 'n afname in die vruggrootte van 'Early Bon Chretien' en 'Rosemarie'. Ringelering het die vruggrootte van 'Flamingo' en 'Early Bon Chretien' verbeter. P-Ca het 'n afname in die hoeveelheid reproduktiewe knoppe in die volgende seisoen, van 'Packham's Triumph' en 'Forelle' veroorsaak. Ringelering het 'n toename in die hoeveelheid vegetatiewe knoppe in die volgende seisoen gehad vir al die kultivars, behalwe 'Packham's Triumph'. Geduerende dieselfde seisoen is daar ook proewe gedoen op 'Pioneer' en 'Songold' pruime en 'May Glo' nektarienbome in onderskeidelik die Wemmershoek en Stellenbosch areas van die Wes Kaap. Bome is met enkel toedienings van verskillende konsentrasies P-Ca behandel en die benatter Dash® is by al die behandelings bygevoeg. Die hoër dosisse P-Ca het die lootgroei van 'Pioneer' verminder. P-Ca kon slegs die aanvanklike lootgroei op 'Songold' verminder en kon nie lootgroei van 'May Glo' beperk nie. P-Ca het geen invloed op die vruggrootte van 'Pioneer', 'Songold' of 'May Glo' gehad nie. P-Ca het nie die voorkoms van gesplete-pit vererger nie. Om saam te vat kan gesê word dat P-Ca lootgroei op appels en pere goed beperk teen die regte konsentrasies. Alhoewel P-Ca lootgroei suksesvol beheer het op 'Pioneer', moet daar meer werk gedoen word op steenvrugte.

Thesis (MScAgric)--University of Stellenbosch, 2002. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Excessive shoot growth of fruit trees may have various negative effects. These include a decrease in fruit set, fruit size, red colour and in return bloom. Cultural practices that are currently in use, such as the use of dwarfing rootstocks, girdling and pruning do not always give sufficient shoot growth control. The use of plant growth retardants, in combination with these cultural practices, offer additional possibilities. Trials were conducted to evaluate the effect of the new plant growth retardant prohexadione-calcium (P-Ca) on apple, pear and plum shoot growth. In addition, the effect of P-Ca on fruit set, fruit size, yield, fruit quality and return bloom were also evaluated. During the 1999/2000 season P-Ca was applied to full bearing twelfth leaf 'Golden Delicious' trees on M793 rootstock, twenty-sixth leaf 'Granny Smith' trees on seedling rootstock, ninth leaf 'Royal Gala' trees on M793 rootstock, seventh leaf 'Rosemarie' trees on seedling rootstock and eighth leaf 'Songold' trees on 'Marianna' rootstock in the Villiersdorp area in the Western Cape (33°59' S, 19°17' E; ca. 365 m a.s.l.; Mediterranean climate). P-Ca was applied at concentrations of 3 x 50, 4 x 50 and 3 x 67 mg.l' to the apple trees. The first application was at petal drop with no surfactant added with any of the treatments. P-Ca was applied at concentrations of2 x 62.5,125,250 and 2 x 125 mg.l" to the pear and plum trees. The first application was at petal drop and pit-hardening for the pear and plum trees respectively. Agral-90 was used as surfactant only with the first spray applied to the pear trees. During the 2000/2001 season the same 'Golden Delicious' and 'Royal Gala' trees were used as in the 1999/2000 season. Thirteenth leaf 'Granny Smith' trees on M793 rootstock in the Villiersdorp area were used. Sixth leaf 'Rosemarie' trees on BP3 rootstock, fifth leaf 'Golden Russet Bose' trees on BP3 rootstock, seventh leaf 'Forelle' trees on BP3 rootstock and 16th leaf 'Packham's Triumph' trees on seedling rootstock in the Wolseley area in the Western Cape were used. P-Ca was again applied at concentrations of 3 x 50,4 x 50 and 3 x 67 mg.l' to the apple trees. The first application in the 'Golden Delicious' and 'Granny Smith' trees was at full bloom and at petal drop in the 'Royal Gala' trees. The last application was at 45 days before harvest. No surfactant was added with any of the sprays. P-Ca was applied at concentrations of 50, 75, 150, 2 x 50,2 x 75 and 3 x 50 mg.l" to the pear trees with the first spray when 4 to 5 leaves were unfolded and the last one 45 days before harvest. Agral-90 was added as surfactant with all the pear sprays. The pear trial also included a girdling treatment. P-Ca effectively inhibited shoot growth of all three apple cultivars in both seasons. Regrowth occurred in both seasons in all the cultivars, therefore it is not clear which treatment(s) is optimal for reducing shoot growth. P-Ca increased fruit size in 'Royal Gala' in the 1999/2000 season and decreased yield expressed as kg fruit harvested 1 em trunk circumference in 'Golden Delicious' in the 2000/2001 season. This reduction in yield can be attributed to the low number of flower clusters in the spring of 2000 following P-Ca treatment in 1999. P-Ca decreased the number of developed seeds in 'Royal Gala' in both seasons and increased the number of seeds with aborted embrios in the 200012001 season. After four weeks of cold storage (± 5°C) and one week at room temperature (± 20°C), P-Ca had no effect on the occurrence of bitter pit in 'Golden Delicious'. The 'Granny Smith' trees were harvested before fruit analysis could be done in the 2000/2001 season. In pear, girdling was not effective in inhibiting shoot growth in any of the cultivars, but P-Ca proved to be an effective inhibitor of shoot growth of 'Rosemarie' and 'Golden Russet Bose', and to a lesser degree 'Packham's Triumph', but not 'Forelle'. Despite the re-growth that occurred ca. four weeks after harvest in 'Rosemarie' in the 2000/20001 season, it appears that a single high rate (250 and 150 mg.l' for the 1999/2000 and 2000/2001 seasons respectively) P-Ca application is more effective than a single low rate or multiple low rates in inhibiting shoot growth. In the 200012001 season P-Ca increased fruit set in 'Rosemarie' and 'Forelle'. In both seasons P-Ca reduced 'Rosemarie' fruit size while girdling increased 'Forelle' and 'Packham's Triumph' fruit size in 2000/2001. P-Ca increased 'Rosemarie' fruit firmness and 'Forelle' fruit colour in the 2000/2001 season and decreased the percentage of 'Packham's Triumph' fruit with cork spot. Girdling increased 'Packham's Triumph' fruit colour and TSS concentration while decreasing fruit firmness in 2000/2001. P-Ca reduced return bloom in 'Forelle' and 'Packham's Triumph' in 2001, while girdling increased 'Golden Russet Bose' and 'Forelle' return bloom. Due to poor flowering and thus low fruit number in 'Golden Russet Bose', fruit set in 2000 could not be determined and no fruit analysis could be done. In 'Songold' all four P-Ca treatments inhibited shoot growth, but the 2 x 125 mg.l' treatment were the most effective, both in terms of total shoot growth and in reduction of the re-growth that occurred ca. two weeks before the first commercial harvest date. P-Ca increased fruit firmness and decreased TSS concentration both at harvest and after four weeks of cold storage at dual temperature (10 days at -O.soC + 18 days at 7.S°C). In conclusion P-Ca is an effective inhibitor of shoot growth of the apples 'Golden Delicious', 'Granny Smith' and 'Royal Gala', the pears 'Rosemarie', 'Golden Russet Bose' and 'Packham's Triumph' and the plum 'Songold', but more work is needed to control re-growth. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Oormatige lootgroei van vrugtebome kan verskeie negatiewe effekte tot gevolg he, insluitende 'n afname in vrugset, vruggrootte, rooi kleur en 'n verlaging in die daaropvolgende jaar se blom. Boordpraktyke soos die gebruik van dwergende onderstamme, ringelering en snoei, beheer nie altyd lootgroei doeltreffend nie. Die gebruik van groeireguleerders, in kombinasie met hierdie boordpraktyke, bied bykomende geleenthede. Proewe is uitgevoer om die effek van die nuwe groeireguleerder proheksadioon-kalsium (PCa) op appel, peer en pruim lootgroei te evalueer. Die effek van P-Ca op vrugset, vruggrootte, opbrengs, vrugkwalitiet en die daaropvolgende jaar se blom is ook geevalueer. Gedurende die 1999/2000 seisoen is P-Ca toegedien aan voldraende twaalfde blad 'Golden Delicious' bome op M793 onderstamme, ses-en-twintigste blad 'Granny Smith' bome op saailing onderstamme, negende blad 'Royal Gala' bome op M793 onderstamme, sewende blad 'Rosemarie' bome op saailing onderstamme en agste blad 'Songold' bome op 'Marianna' onderstamme in die Villiersdorp area in die Wes Kaap (33°25' S, 19°12' 0; ligging ong. 270 m.; Meditereense klimaat). P-Ca is aan die appelbome toegedien teen konsentrasies van 3 x 50, 4 x 50 en 3 x 67 mg.l' met die eerste toediening by blomblaarval. Geen benatter is by enige van die toedienings gevoeg nie. P-Ca is aan die peer- en pruimbome toegedien teen konsentrasies van 2 x 62.5, 125, 250 en 2 x 125 mg.l' met die eerste toediening by blomblaarval en pitverharding vir onderskeidelik die peer- en pruimbome. Agral-90 is as benatter gebruik slegs saam met die eerste toediening op die peerbome. Tydens die 2000/2001 seisoen is dieselfde 'Golden Delicious' en 'Royal Gala' bome gebruik as in die 1999/2000 seisoen. Derde blad 'Granny Smith' bome op M793 onderstamme in die Villiersdorp area is gebruik. Sesde blad 'Rosemarie' bome op BP3 onderstamme, vyfde blad 'Golden Russet Bose' bome op BPI onderstamme, sewende blad 'Forelle' bome op BP3 onderstamme en sestiende blad 'Packham's Triumph' bome op saailing onderstamme in die Wolseley area in die Wes Kaap is gebruik. P-Ca is weereens aan die appelbome toegedien teen konsentrasies van 3 x 50, 4 x 50 en 3 x 67 mg.l". Die eerste toediening aan die 'Golden Delicious' en 'Granny Smith' bome was by volblom en die eerste toediening aan die 'Royal Gala' bome by blomblaarval. Die laaste toediening is 45 dae voor oes gedoen. Geen benatter is met enige van die toedienings bygevoeg nie. P-Ca is aan die peerbome toegedien teen konsentrasies van 50, 75, 150,2 x 50, 2 x 75 en 3 x 50 mg.l' met die eerste toediening toe vier tot vyf blare ontvou was en die laaste een 45 dae voor oes. Agral-90 is as benatter gebruik met al die peer bespuitings. By die peer proef is ook 'n ringeleer behandeling ingesluit. In beide seisoene het P-Ca die lootgroei van al drie appel kultivars verminder. Hergroei het in beide seisoene in al drie kultivars plaasgevind. Dit is dus onduidelik watter behandeling(s) optimaal is vir lootgroei beheer. In die 1999/2000 seisoen het P-Ca 'Royal Gala' vruggrootte verbeter. In die 2000/2001 seisoen is 'Golden Delicious' opbrengs, uitgedruk as kg vrugte geoes / cm stamomtrek, verlaag. Hierdie verlaging in opbrengs kan toegeskryf word aan die lae blom aantal in die lente van 2000 wat gevolg het op die P-Ca behandeling in 1999. In beide seisoene het P-Ca die aantal ontwikkelde sade in 'Royal Gala' verminder terwyl die aantal sade met geaborteerde embrios verhoog is in die 2000/2001 seisoen. Na vier weke koelopberging (± 5°C) en een week by kamertemperatuur (± 20°C) het P-Ca geen effek op die voorkoms van bitterpit in 'Golden Delicious' gehad nie. Die 'Granny Smith' bome is in die 2000/2001 seisoen geoes voordat enige data ingesamel kon word. Ringelering het geen effek op lootgroei gehad in enige van die peer kultivars nie, maar P-Ca het lootgroei effektief beheer in 'Rosemarie' en 'Golden Russet Bose' en tot 'n mindere mate 'Packham's Triumph', maar het geen effek op 'Forelle' lootgroei gehad nie. Ten spyte van die hergroei wat voorgekom het in die 'Rosemarie' bome ongeveer vier weke na oes in die 2000/2001 seisoen, wil dit voorkom asof P-Ca toegedien teen 'n enkele hoe konsentrasie (250 en 150 mg.l' vir die 1999/2000 en 2000/2001 seisoene onderskeidelik) meer effektief was om lootgroei te beheer as 'n enkele lae konsentrasie of veelvuldige lae konsentrasies. P-Ca het vrugset in 'Rosemarie' en 'Forelle' verhoog in die 2000/2001 seisoen. In beide seisoene het P-Ca 'Rosemarie' vruggrootte verlaag terwyl ringelering 'Forelle' en 'Packham's Triumph' vruggrootte verbeter het in die 2000/2001 seisoen. P-Ca het 'Rosemarie' vrugfermheid en 'Forelle' vrugkleur verhoog in die 2000/2001 seisoen en die aantal 'Packham's Triumph' vrugte met kurkvlek verlaag. Ringelering het 'Packham's Triumph' vrugkleur en TSSkonsentrasie verhoog, maar vrugfermheid verlaag in die 2000/2001 seisoen. P-Ca het die aantal blomme in 'Forelle' en 'Packham's Triumph' verlaag in 2001, terwyl ringelering blom in 'Golden Russet Bosc' en 'Forelle' verhoog het. As gevolg van 'n lae blom- en dus vruggetal in 'Golden Russet Bosc' kon vrugset In 2000 nie bepaal word nie en geen vrugontledings kon gedoen word nie. Al vier P-Ca behandelings het lootgroei in 'Songold' beheer, maar die 2 x 12S mg.l' toediening was die effektiefste, beide in terme van totale lootgroei en in beheer van die hergroei wat ongeveer twee weke voor die eerste kommersieele oesdatum plaasgevind het. PCa het vrugfermheid verhoog en die TSS-konsentrasie verlaag, beide tydens oes en na vier weke koelopberging by dubbel temperatuur (10 dae by -O.soC + 18 dae by 7.S0C). Om saam te vat kan gese word dat P-Ca 'n effektiewe inhibeerder van lootgroei van die appels 'Golden Delicious', 'Granny Smith' en 'Royal Gala', die pere 'Rosemarie', 'Golden Russet Bosc' en 'Packham's Triumph' en die pruim 'Songold' is. Meer werk is egter nodig om die hergroei te beheer.

Orientador: Elizabeth Orika Ono / Banca: João Domingos Rodrigues / Banca: Jaime Duarte Filho / Resumo: Objetivou-se estudar os efeitos de citocinina e bioestimulante (citocinina/giberelina) para promover brotações em estacas de raízes e de auxina para promover a formação de raízes nessas brotações, com isso, propondo uma alternativa para a produção de mudas da amoreira-preta. O primeiro experimento constou de cinco concentrações de 6-benziloaminopurina (BAP), na forma de solução: T1= 0 mg L-1; T2= 100 mg L-1, T3= 200 mg L-1, T4= 400 mg L-1 e T5= 800 mg L-1, aplicadas em toda a estaca de raiz por imersão durante 18 horas, distribuídas em quatro repetições, sendo a parcela de 15 estacas radiciais. No segundo experimento adotou-se cinco concentrações do bioestimulante Promalin® na forma de solução: T1= 0 mg L-1; T2 = 10 mg L-1, T3= 20 mg L-1, T4= 40 mg L 1 e T5= 80 mg L-1. Posteriormente, as estacas radiciais foram mergulhadas nessas soluções durante 12 horas. Utilizaram-se sete repetições, com a parcela constituída por uma bandeja com 10 estacas radiciais, durante 70 dias. A aplicação dos reguladores vegetais, BAP e PromalinÒ, em concentrações altas inibiram o desenvolvimento de brotações em estacas radiciais de amoreira-preta e as características de desenvolvimento dessas brotações, sendo os melhores resultados alcançados sem a aplicação dos reguladores vegetais. Posteriormente, as estacas de raízes de amoreira-preta (sem aplicação de regulador vegetal) foram coletadas de plantas matrizes e colocadas em câmara de nebulização, sendo dispostas em bandejas de polietileno brancas, com casca de arroz carbonizada, conforme o melhor tratamento. Após 60 dias, procedeu-se a retirada das brotações das estacas radiciais, com o corte rente à estaca. Foi feita a seleção e padronização das estacas de brotações, sendo deixadas com altura de dez centímetros e três a quatro folhas por broto, utilizadas para a instalação do terceiro experimento... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: The objective was to study the effects of cytokinin and plant growth regulators (cytokinin/gibberellin) to promote shoot growth on root cuttings and auxin to promote root formation in these shoots with that proposing an alternative for the production of seedlings of blackberry. The first experiment consisted of five concentrations of 6- benzylaminopurine (BAP): T1= 0 mg L-1, T2= 100 mg L-1, T3= 200 mg L-1, T4= 400 mg L- 1 and T5= 800 mg L-1, applied across the cutting immersed for 18 hours, divided into four replicates of plot share of 15 root cuttings. The second experiment has five Promalin ®concentrations: T1= 0 mg L-1, T2= 10 mg L-1, T3= 20 mg L-1, T4= 40 mg L-1 and T5= 80 mg L-1, then the root cuttings were dipped in these solutions for 12 hours. Seven replicates were used with the plot had a tray with 10 root cuttings during 70 days. The application of BAP and PromalinÒ in high concentrations inhibited the shoots development in root cuttings of blackberry and the best results was without the application of plant growth regulators. The root cuttings of blackberry (without aplicacation of plant growth regulator) were colleted from stock plants and placed in a mist chamber, being arranged in white polyethylene trays with carbonized rice hull, as the best treatment. After 60 days, we proceeded to the removal of the shoots, cut flush with the close root cutting. It was made the selection and standardization of shoot cuttings, being left with a height of ten inches and three to four leaves per shoot, used for the installation of the third experiment. The treatments consisted of six concentrations of indole-3-butyric acid (IBA): T1= 0 mg L-1, T2= 250 mg L-1, T3= 500 mg L-1, T4= 1000 mg L- 1, T5= 2000 mg L-1 and T6= 4000 mg L-1 applied on the basis of shoot cuttings for ten seconds, in six replication of 12 shoots, for 60 days. The highest concentrations of IBA inhibited root development... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Mestre