Understanding the process and the dynamics involved in news translation, as well as the challenges news translators face in my country of origin - The Gambia- has been a long-held goal, considering my background and experience as a former bilingual editor for Kuwait Oil Company and a senior news translator for Al-Watan Daily in Kuwait. The quest to unravel the enigmas surrounding news translation practices has always been a subject of great interest to me. With the intent of proffering pragmatic solutions to the attendant challenges of news translation in the Gambia, my focus is on providing well-researched recommendations. The study specifically seeks to answer questions regarding news translation processes and practices and how they have evolved over time in the Gambia. Furthermore, this study sheds light on the manifold professional and technical obstacles that confront news translators in the Gambia as they endeavour to render news content originally produced in English into Mandinka, which is one of the prominent Indigenous languages. It also delves into the broader linguistic landscape in the Gambia and other colonized territories from an indigenous perspective. Colonialism looms large over my study, considering the fact that news is translated from English, a minority colonial language imposed on the majority speakers of indigenous languages. The legacy of colonialism still lingers, with the news still being read in English first before it gets rendered in indigenous languages. Using qualitative methodology, my research explores the evolution and importance of news translation in the Gambia and the underlying factors behind the professional and technical challenges that Gambia’s news translators continue to wrestle with. Dowling, Lloyd, and Suchet-Pearson (2016) posit that this methodology is employed to comprehend the spatialities, interpretations, and experiences of social life. The undertaken field study has availed me of the opportunity to have a deeper understanding of some of those challenges and come up with recommendations that might hopefully address them, including language planning, the development of a monolingual Mandinka dictionary, translator training, the development of unique Mandinka writing systems, among others. My research participants were enthused to participate in the study, affirming that it was the first time ever a researcher approached them to have an idea about the dynamics of their work and include their findings in a thesis—an assertion that sustained the momentum throughout the journey.

At a nexus between translation studies and didactics, the teaching of sight translation within the parameters of a foreign language course has as its primary aim to improve the communication skills of foreign language learners in general and of French learners at the University of Pretoria in particular. Contrary to the communication process in their first and second languages, students who try to speak a foreign language such as French are unable to express their thoughts freely. To compensate for their insufficient language knowledge and intuition, they tend to rely on their other languages as a reference for all communication. Although this natural reflex is part of the learning process, students' attempts to transfer words, phrases, and rules directly from one language to another can be detrimental to language performance. The problem does not lie in the fact that they translate mentally before speaking, but that they tend to translate literally. This is a highly inefficient communication strategy that results in a non-idiomatic, imperfect reflection of students’ actual knowledge of language. Unlike the above-mentioned mental transcoding and the so-called pedagogical translation generally practiced in the language class, the interpretive translation approach focuses on the reexpression of the meaning of the original text. This professional translation approach should be applied to all translation, including translation in the language class. Although the purpose is not to train professional translators or interpreters, students still need to learn to translate intelligently, whether verbally or mentally, without literally reproducing their reference languages. Since students are even more tempted than professionals to rely on the source language due to their limited language knowledge, they should explicitly learn to look for alternative means of expression available to them instead of transcoding this language. Sight translation is a very economical technique to teach this approach in language classes, as students learn to translate in their own words, using all their communication skills. Students learn how best to convey the meaning of the source text with the limited vocabulary and grammar skills at their disposal. When speaking, they also focus on the meaning of their utterances and use compensatory strategies when faced with a language problem, instead of copying from their reference languages or avoiding the problem altogether by switching to another language. In the space of little more than a year, the majority of the forty-four students who participated in the empirical research learned to communicate in a natural and authentic manner without undue interference from their other languages (mainly English). Those who have mastered the approach increasingly use efficient strategies to overcome language shortcomings, thus abandoning formal transfer to the benefit of their oral expression. In addition, a small number of talented students were identified to engage in further specialised translation and interpretation training. In conclusion, sight translation teaching in the classroom proved to be a highly beneficial method to improve translation and communication skills among French foreign language learners in the multicultural environment of the University of Pretoria. / Thesis (DLitt(French))--University of Pretoria, 2008. / Modern European Languages / DLitt / unrestricted

[ES] En esta tesis se presenta una investigación de la Enseñanza del Español como Lengua Extranjera (ELE) para los alumnos chinos del periodo superior de Filología Hispánica, con la que se espera poder contribuir al desarrollo integral de sus habilidades lingüísticas en español. El objetivo de la investigación desarrollada consistía en diseñar un proyecto de doblaje que no sólo fomentara las habilidades lingüísticas de los alumnos chinos, sino que también favoreciera el desarrollo de otras competencias necesarias próxima a su carrera profesional. Dicho esto, entre los objetivos específicos de este trabajo se incluían: 1) diseñar un curso de doblaje según las características de la ELE en el contexto universitario chino; 2) identificar la contribución de este curso en el desarrollo de las habilidades lingüísticas y demás competencias; 3) conocer las ventajas y límites de la propuesta didáctica. Con el fin de alcanzar estos objetivos, se diseñó un curso de doblaje siguiendo la Enseñanza Basada en Proyectos y se puso en práctica en un grupo de alumnos chinos del tercer y cuarto año del grado universitario. Para valorar su eficacia, se contrastaron las valoraciones y evaluaciones de los alumnos de este curso con los de sus homólogos del curso regular de Comprensión Audiovisual. Según los resultados obtenidos tras los diferentes análisis cuantitativos y cualitativos llevados a cabo, el curso de doblaje se muestra altamente eficaz en el fomento de habilidades de traducción y sight-translation, y ayuda al desarrollo de otras competencias. Es por ello que los alumnos que han participado en este curso también han experimentado un mayor progreso en las competencias cooperativas, la comprensión de expresiones coloquiales y de términos específicos. No obstante, el resultado también muestra una menor práctica de la comprensión auditiva que el curso regular de Comprensión Audiovisual, y la complejidad y la gran cantidad de trabajo ha causado mucha presión en los alumnos, lo que ha afectado en cierto grado al aprendizaje de otras asignaturas. / [CA] En aquesta tesi es presenta una investigació sobre l'ensenyament espanyol com a llengua estrangera (ELE) per als alumnes xinesos del període superior de Filologia Hispànica, amb la qual s'espera poder contribuir al desenvolupament integral de les seues habilitats lingüístiques en espanyol. L'objectiu de la recerca desenvolupada consistia a dissenyar un projecte de doblatge que no només fomentés les habilitats lingüístiques dels alumnes xinesos, sinó que també afavorís el desenvolupament d'altres competències necessàries en la seua propera carrera professional. D'altra banda, entre els objectius específics d'aquest treball s'incloïen: 1) dissenyar un curs de doblatge segons les característiques de l'ELE a la Xina en el context universitari; 2) identificar la contribució d'aquest curs en el desenvolupament de les habilitats lingüístiques i altres competències; 3) conèixer-ne els avantatges i els límits de la proposta didàctica. Per assolir d'aquests objectius, es va dissenyar un curs de doblatge basat en l'Ensenyament Basat en Projectes i se'l va posar en pràctica en un grup d'alumnes xinesos del tercer i quart any del grau universitari. Per valorar-ne l'eficàcia, es van contrastar les valoracions i les avaluacions dels alumnes d'aquest curs amb els dels seus homòlegs del curs regular de Comprensió Audiovisual. Segons els resultats obtinguts després de les diferents anàlisis quantitatives i qualitatives dutes a terme, el curs de doblatge es mostra altament eficaç en el foment d'habilitats de traducció i sight-translation, i ajuda al desenvolupament d'altres competències. Es per això que els alumnes que han participat en aquest curs també han experimentat un progrés més gran en les competències cooperatives, la comprensió d'expressions col·loquials i de termes específics. No obstant això, el resultat també mostra una pràctica menor de la comprensió auditiva que el curs regular de Comprensió Audiovisual, i la complexitat i la gran quantitat de treball ha causat molta pressió en els alumnes, cosa ha afectat en cert grau a l'aprenentatge d'altres assignatures. / [EN] This research addresses the didactic use of dubbing in the context of teaching Spanish as a foreign language (ELE) for Chinese students of the superior period of Hispanic Philology. With this research we expect to contribute to the integral development of these students' Spanish linguistic abilities. The objective of the research is to design a dubbing project that not only fosters the Chinese students' language skills, but also favors other skills' development which would help them in their professional career. The specific objectives of this work include: 1) designing a dubbing course according to the Chinese ELE's characteristics; 2) identify the contribution of this course in their language skills and other skills' development; 3) know its advantages and limitations as a didactic proposal. In order to meet the objectives, we designed and put into practice a project-based dubbing course in a group of Chinese third- and fourth-year college students. To confirm its effectiveness, we compared the result of the ratings and evaluations of the students in this course with those of their counterparts in the regular Audiovisual Comprehension course. According to the results obtained after several quantitative and qualitative analysis, the dubbing course is highly effective in promoting translation and sight-translation skills, and helps develop other skills. Students who have participated in this course have also experienced greater progress in cooperative skills, comprehension of colloquial expressions and specific terms. However, the results also revealed less effectiveness of the dubbing course on enhancing the listening comprehension in comparison with regular Audiovisual Comprehension course, and the complexity and large amount of work of the course has caused a lot of pressure on the students, which has affected the learning of other subjects to a certain degree. / Lian, M. (2022). La aplicación didáctica del doblaje a la enseñanza del español como lengua extranjera (ELE) para estudiantes chinos del tercer y cuarto curso de filología hispánica [Tesis doctoral]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/184815