A expansão da Internet e o crescente desenvolvimento de tecnologias para a Web fazem com que um grande número de pessoas com necessidades distintas procurem nelas as informações de que necessitam, utilizando a Internet como um meio de ensino e aprendizagem. Motivado por isso, procura-se atender a comunidade surda com a obtenção de um Animador de Gestos aplicado à Língua de Sinais, o AGA-Sign, disponível em ambiente Web, com o objetivo de auxiliar na prática da escrita de sinais e na familiarização com a língua. Este trabalho apresenta uma aplicação para geração automatizada de animações de gestos aplicado à Língua de Sinais a partir de textos escritos em SignWriting - sistema de escrita para Língua de Sinais que dispõe de expressões gráficas para descrever os movimentos das mãos, dos braços, além de expressões faciais, fazendo com que o sistema possa representar qualquer língua de sinais. Os sinais usados para o desenvolvimento da aplicação foram elaborados a partir da LIBRAS por ser a língua oficial dos surdos brasileiros e as animações foram geradas através do modelo AGA (animação gráfica baseada na Teoria dos Autômatos). / The Internet expansion and the increasing development of Web technologies make a great audience with distinct necessities search the information they need, using the Internet as a mean for teaching and learning. In this context, this work tries to support the deaf community by developing a Gesture Animator applied to the Sign Language, the AGA-Sign, available in the Web environment, which goal is assisting the writing practice of signs and the familiarization with the language. This work presents an application for automatic generation of gestures animations applied to the Sign Language from texts written in SignWriting - a Sign Language writing system that uses graphical expressions to describe hands and arms movements, beyond face expressions, which makes the system capable of representing any sign language. The signs used for the development of the application were elaborated based in LIBRAS, that is the official brazilian deaf language and the animations were generated through AGA model (graphical animation based in the Automata Theory).

A expansão da Internet e o crescente desenvolvimento de tecnologias para a Web fazem com que um grande número de pessoas com necessidades distintas procurem nelas as informações de que necessitam, utilizando a Internet como um meio de ensino e aprendizagem. Motivado por isso, procura-se atender a comunidade surda com a obtenção de um Animador de Gestos aplicado à Língua de Sinais, o AGA-Sign, disponível em ambiente Web, com o objetivo de auxiliar na prática da escrita de sinais e na familiarização com a língua. Este trabalho apresenta uma aplicação para geração automatizada de animações de gestos aplicado à Língua de Sinais a partir de textos escritos em SignWriting - sistema de escrita para Língua de Sinais que dispõe de expressões gráficas para descrever os movimentos das mãos, dos braços, além de expressões faciais, fazendo com que o sistema possa representar qualquer língua de sinais. Os sinais usados para o desenvolvimento da aplicação foram elaborados a partir da LIBRAS por ser a língua oficial dos surdos brasileiros e as animações foram geradas através do modelo AGA (animação gráfica baseada na Teoria dos Autômatos). / The Internet expansion and the increasing development of Web technologies make a great audience with distinct necessities search the information they need, using the Internet as a mean for teaching and learning. In this context, this work tries to support the deaf community by developing a Gesture Animator applied to the Sign Language, the AGA-Sign, available in the Web environment, which goal is assisting the writing practice of signs and the familiarization with the language. This work presents an application for automatic generation of gestures animations applied to the Sign Language from texts written in SignWriting - a Sign Language writing system that uses graphical expressions to describe hands and arms movements, beyond face expressions, which makes the system capable of representing any sign language. The signs used for the development of the application were elaborated based in LIBRAS, that is the official brazilian deaf language and the animations were generated through AGA model (graphical animation based in the Automata Theory).

A expansão da Internet e o crescente desenvolvimento de tecnologias para a Web fazem com que um grande número de pessoas com necessidades distintas procurem nelas as informações de que necessitam, utilizando a Internet como um meio de ensino e aprendizagem. Motivado por isso, procura-se atender a comunidade surda com a obtenção de um Animador de Gestos aplicado à Língua de Sinais, o AGA-Sign, disponível em ambiente Web, com o objetivo de auxiliar na prática da escrita de sinais e na familiarização com a língua. Este trabalho apresenta uma aplicação para geração automatizada de animações de gestos aplicado à Língua de Sinais a partir de textos escritos em SignWriting - sistema de escrita para Língua de Sinais que dispõe de expressões gráficas para descrever os movimentos das mãos, dos braços, além de expressões faciais, fazendo com que o sistema possa representar qualquer língua de sinais. Os sinais usados para o desenvolvimento da aplicação foram elaborados a partir da LIBRAS por ser a língua oficial dos surdos brasileiros e as animações foram geradas através do modelo AGA (animação gráfica baseada na Teoria dos Autômatos). / The Internet expansion and the increasing development of Web technologies make a great audience with distinct necessities search the information they need, using the Internet as a mean for teaching and learning. In this context, this work tries to support the deaf community by developing a Gesture Animator applied to the Sign Language, the AGA-Sign, available in the Web environment, which goal is assisting the writing practice of signs and the familiarization with the language. This work presents an application for automatic generation of gestures animations applied to the Sign Language from texts written in SignWriting - a Sign Language writing system that uses graphical expressions to describe hands and arms movements, beyond face expressions, which makes the system capable of representing any sign language. The signs used for the development of the application were elaborated based in LIBRAS, that is the official brazilian deaf language and the animations were generated through AGA model (graphical animation based in the Automata Theory).

This paper deals with aspect in the sign language and tries to introduce this phenomenon in connection to the Czech sign language where this issue is not yet described. Based on the knowledge of available Czech and English literature, the thesis deciphers terms that are used in relation to aspect in both, Czech and sign, languages and identifies the aspect groups that occur in sign languages. On the basis of these groups, the practical part analyzes the material of the Czech sign language in terms of aspect. The material obtained consists of speeches from deaf speakers, obtained from websites: Televizní klub neslyšících (TV show), Zprávy v českém znakovém jazyce (news), Tiché zprávy (interviews) and Weblik Portal (fairy tales). The method of elicitation combined with the intuitive reflection method is used in the analysis. The work gives a first insight into the broad phenomenon of the aspect and provides a basis for more detailed future research.

Some signs denoting substances and signs denoting events are formally and semantically related in the Czech sign language. These signs can be distinguished by different parameters. This study looked at the parameters of the relative duration of a signing, the use of mouthing, the juxtaposition of signs and the frequency and mode of motion. Signs denoting substances and signs denoting events can be clearly distinguished by those features n Czech sign language. Key words Czech sign language, sign languages, nouns, verbs, noun-verb distinction, word classes

Depuis la loi du 11-02-2005 pour l’égalité des droits et des chances, les lieux ouverts au public doivent accueillir les Sourds en Langue des Signes Française (LSF). C’est dans le cadre du développement d’outils technologiques de diffusion de LSF que nous avons travaillé, plus particulièrement au niveau de la traduction automatique du français écrit vers la LSF. Notre thèse commence par un état de l’art relatif aux connaissances sur la LSF (ressources disponibles et supports d’expression de la LSF) avant d’approfondir des notions de grammaire descriptive. Notre hypothèse de travail est la suivant : la LSF est une langue et, à ce titre, la traduction automatique lui est applicable.Nous décrivons ensuite les spécifications linguistiques pour le traitement automatique, en fonction des observations mises en avant dans l’état de l’art et des propositions de nos informateurs. Nous détaillons notre méthodologie et présentons l’avancée de nos travaux autour de la formalisation des données linguistiques à partir des spécificités de la LSF dont certaines (model verbal, modification adjectivale et adverbiale, organisation des substantifs, problématiques de l’accord) ont nécessité un traitement plus approfondi. Nous présentons le cadre applicatif dans lequel nous avons travaillé : les systèmes de traduction automatique et d’animation de personnage virtuel de France Telecom R&D. Puis, après un rapide état de l’art sur les technologies avatar nous décrivons nos modalités de contrôle du moteur de synthèse de geste grâce au format d’échange mis au point. Enfin, nous terminons par nos évaluations et perspectives de recherche et de développements qui pourront suivre cette Thèse.Notre approche a donné ses premiers résultats puisque nous avons atteint notre objectif de faire fonctionner la chaîne complète de traduction : de la saisie d'un énoncé en français jusqu'à la réalisation de l'énoncé correspondant en LSF par un personnage de synthèse. / Since the law was voted the 11-02-2005 for equal rights and opportunities: places open to anyone (public places, shops, internet, etc.) should welcome the Deaf in French Sign Language (FSL). We have worked on the development of technological tools to promote LSF, especially in machine translation from written French to FSL.Our thesis begins with a presentation of knowledge on FSL (theoretical resources and ways to edit FSL) and follows by further concepts of descriptive grammar. Our working hypothesis is: FSL is a language and, therefore, machine translation is relevant.We describe the language specifications for automatic processing, based on scientific knowledge and proposals of our native FSL speaker informants. We also expose our methodology, and do present the advancement of our work in the formalization of linguistic data based on the specificities of FSL which certain (verbs scheme, adjective and adverb modification, organization of nouns, agreement patterns) require further analysis.We do present the application framework in which we worked on: the machine translation system and virtual characters animation system of France Telecom R&D.After a short avatar technology presentation, we explain our control modalities of the gesture synthesis engine through the exchange format that we developed.Finally, we conclude with an evaluation, researches and developments perspectives that could follow this thesis.Our approach has produced its first results since we have achieved our goal of running the full translation chain: from the input of a sentence in French to the realization of the corresponding sentence in FSL with a synthetic character.

L’avènement du numérique a déplacé et découplé l’acte d’écriture de sa forme graphique et ainsi ouvert des possibilités de recherche au sujet des performances graphomotrices. Ces dernières peuvent, en particulier, prendre une autre dimension dans le contexte de création d’une écriture. Les langues des signes (LS) n’ont pas trouvé à ce jour de système d’écriture à même de rendre compte de leur spatialité et multidimensionnalité. Elles offrent ainsi des circonstances propices à cette recherche. Notre étude cherche à savoir jusqu’à quel point une part de l’activité du langage oral (gestuelle, corporelle) peut être maintenue dans l’activité du langage écrit et vise à comprendre le lien, en première personne, entre gestes et sens. L’objectif est de préserver une signification profonde pour le locuteur/scripteur. Pour répondre à cette question, nous proposons de réinvestir une gestuelle porteuse de sens dans le cadre de la conception d’un environnement technique favorisant la création scripturale. Dans un premier temps, cette étude pluridisciplinaire explore ce qui peut être transférable d’une sphère gestuelle à l’autre. En d’autres termes, quels éléments de l’oral peuvent être rapportés à l’écriture. Dans un second temps, elle envisage l’instrument permettant ce transfert. Pour cela, nous employons une démarche phénoménologique entendue comme méthodologie descriptive du point de vue en première personne. Cette méthode s’appuie sur des techniques de verbalisation de l’expérience vécue lors d’entretiens. La construction de la méthode adaptée à la LS française permet d’accéder à des descriptions fines des locuteurs sourds sur leur gestuelle. Le corpus de données est ensuite mis en dialogue avec une analyse en troisième personne établie à l’aide d’études linguistiques et kinésiologiques. Les résultats sur les dimensions du geste sémiotique nous amènent à penser les conditions d’une expérience habilitée, dans une perspective d’appropriation et de création scripturale des LS. Nous suivons pour cela la démarche de conception du design d’expérience utilisateur, du design d’énaction et de l’approche instrumentale pour l’immersion et l’interaction. La conception d’un tel dispositif vient non seulement changer le regard des personnes sourdes sur leur langue, mais également de manière plus générale, changer la relation que tout utilisateur a avec sa production gestuelle. / The digital revolution has evolved the act of writing; its forms have changed. From this phenomenon, new Graphomotor oriented research opportunities have emerged. The knowledge gathered by this research introduces a new angle for setting up a new writing system. Until today, no writing system has been able to transcribe the multidimensional nature of sign languages (SL). For that reason, sign languages offer the perfect opportunity for this kind of research. In this study we try to understand the link between gestures and meaning for the speaker and discover what features and how much of signing (gestures, body language) can be kept in the act of writing. Our objective is to maintain the integral meaning of gestures for the signer/writer. To do so, we offer the creation of a technologically advanced scriptural environment in which meaningful gestures can be put into perspective. First, this multidisciplinary research focuses on what can be transferred from the former gestural act (signing) to the latter (writing). Then, we consider the tool that will enable this transfer. To do so, we follow a phenomenological approach, or in other terms, a descriptive methodology from the firstperson point of view. This methodology is built upon signers’ feedback gathered of the experience lived during interviews. Shaping this method to fit the French SL offers precise gestural descriptions from signers themselves. This database is then compared with alinguistic and kinesiological analysis from the third-person point of view. These gestural meaning results enable us to reflect on how to create a guided experience tool enabling the assimilation of SL’s gestural matter and the creation of scriptural forms. To do that, we follow a UX design, an enaction design, and a tool based approach in order to offer immersion and interaction. This kind of device offers a new perspective to signers on their own language and more generally, offers the possibility for any user to form a new relationship with her or his own gestures.

This diploma thesis deals with the education and communication of students with hearing impairment with a focus on the analysis of the level of understanding of information in sign language for students of special secondary schools for the hearing impaired. The theoretical part presents important concepts in this area, such as the definition of communication and communication options for the hearing impaired, as well as educational opportunities for the hearing impaired from a preschool level to a university and last but not least sign languages, their research in the world and Czech sign language as a native language of people with hearing impairment in the Czech Republic. The empirical part describes the research, which was conducted on 65 probands - high school students of the special school for students with a hearing impairment. The research is focused on the differences in the level of understanding of groups of students according to their identification data and also examined whether comprehension is affected by the complexity of the information transmitted (i.e. whether information at the level of ordinary conversation is better understood than a professional information). The research survey was of a qualitative nature and the main research method was a non-standardized questionnaire...