<p>Anledningarna till att använda sig av en trådlös signalöverföring i en industri kan vara många, oftast handlar det om ställen där det är svårt eller omöjligt att ha en trådad förbindelse. I det här fallet är det en sedimenteringsbassäng där man tar hand om processvatten från industrin. Bassängen är utformad som en cylinder där vattnet rinner genom olika avdelningar för att minska innehållet av sediment. I bassängen cirkulerar en plattform med diverse omrörare och skrapor på. Eftersom denna del går runt hela tiden är det svårt att ha en fast förbindelse till de drifter som finns. Om man ska använda sig av en fast förbindelse måste kopplingen ske med släpringar, och denna typ av koppling kan bidra till en del problem vid signalöverföring i form av avbrott och störningar. Nu vill man prova alternativet att överföra alla styr och mätsignaler trådlöst. Trådlös signalöverföring är inget ovanligt, men det som är speciellt i det här fallet är att alla signaler ska gå trådlöst, även de som styr motordrifter.</p> / <p>There can be several reasons to use wireless signal transmission in a industry. Its often used in places where there is very hard ore impossible to use a cable. In this case it’s a basin that’s used for water cleaning that should be controlled wireless. The basin has a cylinder form and all the units that shouldbe controlled rotates in the basin. This makes it hard to use a cable. If a cable should be used the transmission between the rotating units and the control system needs to be connected with a drag contact that can lead to problems in the signal transfer. Now they want to try out the technology fore wireless transmission of the control signals. Today the basin is controlled by old electromechanically equipment that is mounted on the basin, but for better control and supervision of the basin its going to be controlled from a modern control system.</p>

Made available in DSpace on 2015-05-14T12:14:13Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 5441449 bytes, checksum: 38950c6d2ffc32a9b188f9e51b8fea91 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-07-28 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / In this work we investigate the transmission in an optical cell containing an atomic vapor, when a laser is tuned to the wings of the Doppler line, presenting inhomogeneous broadening. The experiment is designed to detect the transmission of a laser beam through a an atomic cesium vapor within a quartz cell. Due to the high atomic density in the 1 mm cell, the laser beam is totally absorbed at resonance. On the other hand, when the detuning by few GHz from the center of the line an oscillatory signal is observed as a function of the laser frequency. The amplitude of the transmission signal varies linearly with the laser intensity. These oscillations exhibit diferent behavior as we change some parameters of the system, and the rate of the oscillations vary with laser detuning and on the atomic density. The phase of the transmited field is also sensitive to the angle of incidence of the laser beam in the cell, which allows to vary the lineshape of the signal without changing the parameters of the laser (intensity, frequency, ...) or atomic vapor. Out of resonance with the atomic vapor, the parallel windows of commercial optical cell cavity works as a low finesse Fabry-Pérot with a free spectral range of 150 GHz. However, in resonance, the optical path of the cavity changes varies with frequency due to the dispersive response of the atomic vapor. This study experimentally characterized the transmission signal through a cavity containing resonant vapor as a function of intensity and frequency of the laser, as well as its dependence on the angle of incidence of the beam. A numerical model that allows to determine the collisional broadening of the atomic vapor adjusting the spectral curves of the transmission signal was developed. As an application, exploring the oscillations in the wings of the resonance, we can lock the laser frequency at a few GHz off the center of the atomic resonance. The lock was performed in the frequency range between 0,8 GHz and 2,4 GHz from the center of the D2 line of cesium. To characterize the locking stability we measure the optical beat signal between two similar experiments, using the same locking technique. / Nesse trabalho investigamos a transmissão em uma célula ótica contendo um vapor atômico, quando um laser esta sintonizado nas asas da linha Doppler, em condições de forte alargamento inomogêneo. A experiência desenvolvida consiste na detecção da transmissão de um feixe laser através de uma célula de quartzo contendo vapor de átomos de césio. Devido a sua alta densidade atômica, na ressonância, o feixe laser é totalmente absorvido na célula de 1 mm de comprimento, por em para dessintonizações de alguns GHz do centro da linha observamos um sinal oscilante em função da frequência, onde a amplitude varia linearmente com a intensidade do laser. Essas oscilações" apresentam comportamento distinto a medida que mudamos alguns parâmetros do sistema. O período das oscilações depende da dessintonização da ressonância e da densidade atômica. A fase do sinal de transmissão também e bastante sensível ao ângulo de incidência do feixe laser na célula, o que permite variar a forma de linha do sinal de estudo sem modificar os parâmetros do laser (intensidade, frequência,...) ou do vapor atômico. Na ausência do vapor atômico, as janelas paralelas da célula ótica comercial agem como uma cavidade de Fabry-Pérot de baixa nesse com um faixa espectral livre de 150 GHz. Na presença do vapor atômico, devido a sua resposta dispersiva, o percurso óptico da cavidade varia com a frequência. Nesse estudo, caracterizamos experimentalmente o sinal de transmissão dessa cavidade contendo vapor ressonante como função da intensidade e da frequência do laser, assim como do angulo de incidência do feixe. Foi desenvolvido um modelo numérico que permite determinar o alargamento colisional do vapor atômico, através de ajuste das curvas espectrais do sinal de transmissão experimental. Como uma aplicação, explorando as oscilações nas asas da ressonância, pudemos travar a frequência do laser sintonizada a alguns GHz fora da ressonância atômica. O travamento foi realizado em frequências na faixa entre 0; 8 GHz e 2; 4 GHz do centro da linha D2 do césio. Para caracterização do travamento do laser, foi feito um batimento óptico entre os sinais de dois experimentos similares, utilizando a mesma técnica de travamento.

The topic of this dissertation is related to the telecommunications industry in very important academic and business. The signal transmission through radio links is critical to meeting a specific locality or a season of a telecommunications carrier, and the transmission capacity of its greatest limitation. The microwave links has several benefits, being the period of deployment and cost are more favorable compared to optical fiber, since the latter requires that the service is over small distances so that there is no encumbrance design service. Currently , urban centers are increasingly embedded systems of care through radio, because of the difficulty of operation and maintenance (O&M) found in fiber optic systems . The radio link is coming from indoor and outdoor equipment , which capture and transmit radio signals from the transmitting and receiving antennas operating with electromagnetic waves . According to the frequency set in the radio link and via software accurate , the engineer in charge can make a project sizing radio without the need to participate in the field survey. A decisive factor for the development of a project is the infrastructure which will be installed vertical antennas , because depending on that , the antennas will be at a height that will not be conducive to a good performance of the radio link , because every project requires a scaling special attention to the correction factor of the earth - ke to release all or part of the Fresnel zone . Through these parameters mentioned , the designer can detail your project according to the frequency and distance of the link being built through trusted software . The radio links operating above 10 GHz are subject to attenuation due to rain , since the relationship between the frequency are directly proportional , but every link is designed in accordance with a conventional safety margin because attenuation can occur and if it happens to a value higher than expected , the link may lose communication . The adaptive modulation is an important feature because radio links that are susceptible to attenuation due to rain may lose communication , but this function will switch the link below to modulations causing an increase in the threshold of reception and transmission power while maintaining the link in communication , but with a lower transmission rate. / O tema abordado nesta dissertação está relacionado a uma área de telecomunicações muito importante no ramo acadêmico e empresarial. A transmissão de sinal através de enlaces de rádio é fundamental no atendimento de uma localidade em específico ou em uma estação de uma operadora de telecomunicações, sendo a capacidade de transmissão a sua maior limitação. Os enlaces de microondas possui inúmeras vantagens, sendo o prazo de implantação e o custo são mais favoráveis em relação a fibra óptica, pois essa última necessita que o atendimento seja em pequenas distâncias para que não haja uma oneração do projeto de atendimento. Atualmente, os centros urbanos são incorporados cada vez mais a sistemas de atendimento através de rádio, devido a dificuldade de operação e manutenção (O&M) encontrado em sistemas por fibra óptica. O link de rádio é proveniente de equipamentos indoor e outdoor, o qual transmitam e captam os sinais de rádio provenientes das antenas transmissoras e receptoras que operam com ondas eletromagnéticas. De acordo com a frequência configurada no enlace de rádio e através de softwares precisos, o engenheiro responsável poderá realizar um projeto de dimensionamento de rádio sem a necessidade de participar de vistoria em campo. Um fator determinante para a elaboração de um projeto está na infraestrutura vertical onde será instalada as antenas, pois dependendo dessa, as antenas ficarão em uma altura que não será favorável para uma boa performance do enlace de rádio, pois todo projeto de dimensionamento necessita de uma atenção especial para o fator de correção da terra k e para a liberação total ou parcial da zona de Fresnel. Através destes parâmetros citados, o projetista poderá detalhar o seu projeto de acordo com a frequência e a distância do link a ser construído através de softwares confiáveis. Os enlaces de rádio que operam acima de 10 GHz estão sujeitos a atenuações devido à chuvas, pois a relação entre a frequência são diretamente proporcionais, mas todo enlace é projetado de acordo com uma margem de segurança convencional, pois atenuações podem ocorrer e caso aconteça com um valor acima do esperado, o link poderá perder a comunicação. A modulação adaptativa é uma funcionalidade importante pois links de rádio que estão susceptíveis as atenuações devido à chuva podem perder a comunicação, mas com essa função o link irá comutar para modulações inferiores ocasionando um aumento do limiar de recepção e da potência de transmissão mantendo o enlace em comunicação, mas com uma taxa de transmissão mais baixa. / Mestre em Ciências

<p>How LoRa/LoRaWAN performance evaluation in various environmental scenarios has been an active research topic for researchers, and there are many existing works carried out in outdoor scenarios. On top of that, it is necessary to study how LoRa/LoRaWAN performs in indoor environments as one of the fast-growing IoT network mechanisms. However, few studies are found to work on LoRa and LoRaWAN performance evaluation in indoor scenarios. This study focuses on a real-world experiment to understand how LoRa radio signals behave according to its physical layer parameter settings.</p><p>Data is collected through real-world experiments in a campus environment. The experiments for data sample collection were conducted in September 2021 in the Purdue Campus area in West Lafayette, Indiana, United States. LoRa transceivers with the SX1276 module are deployed operating in the 915MHz frequency band on both LoRa RX and TX end nodes in this study. The data transmitted between LoRa transmitter and LoRa receiver is packet-sized (17 bytes) messages. </p><p>For data collection, LoRa module is configured with 36 PHY parameter settings – three spreading factors (7, 9, 11), three signal bandwidths (125kHz, 250kHz, 500kHz), and four coding rates (4/5, 4/6, 4/7, 4/8). Test devices are the Dragino LoRa shields equipped with SX1276 radio modules in 915MHz frequency bands. The experiment is conducted at three different distances – 10m, 20m, and 40m – between LoRa TX node and LoRa RX node in indoor office buildings in Purdue University West Lafayette Campus, US.</p> <p>The RSSI and SNR are measured to characterize the link performance of Lora. The Received Signal Strength Indication (RSSI) and Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR) are two Physical level indicators available on wireless radio chips. In addition to them, the LoRa communication reliability is calculated based on the Received Packet Ratio (RPR) out of transmitted packets with different PHY settings at each distance.</p>

This work deals with the transmission of optical radiation modulated by a radio frequency signal through an optical fiber. Furthermore, it describes the principles of communication and area coverage. It points out the practical use of components located in the communication chain of this system. Explains the functionality of the properties and the division of individual components. It introduces the benefits and limitations of this system. It further describes the creation of a topology suitable for laboratory measurement of RoF technology. Provides experimental measurement of C-band parameters. Indicates the possible use of RoF technology using a wireless optical link. A part of the work is also a sample laboratory protocol.

La moule de Méditerranée Mytilus galloprovincialis (Mollusque Bivalve), est un animal important tant au niveau écologique qu'économique. Comme tous les invertébrés, elle ne possède qu'un système d'immunité innée pour lutter contre les infections. Cependant, étant constamment exposée à une grande variété de microorganismes invasifs et potentiellement pathogènes, et existant depuis plus de 500 millions d'années, son système immunitaire paraît très efficace. C'est afin de mieux comprendre comment celui-ci fonctionne, que ces travaux concernant la structure des peptides impliqués dans la réponse immunitaire, ainsi que leur régulation, ont été entrepris. Ils ont permis (i) de déterminer que le niveau d'expression constitutive des gènes liés à l'immunité, ainsi que la nature et l'intensité de la régulation de leur expression, sont fortement dépendant de la saison et de l'origine géographique des moules ; (ii) de confirmer le rôle essentiel de la structure tridimensionnelle des peptides antimicrobiens (AMP) dans les activités biologiques ; (iii) de déterminer la structure complète de la mytimycine, peptide strictement antifongique, ainsi que de la cytokine MIF ; (iv) de confirmer l'existence d'un fort polymorphisme des ARNm codant les molécules effectrices de l'immunité au niveau individuel, intra et inter-populationnel ; (v) de déterminer que les niveaux d'expression des gènes liés à l'immunité dépendent des microorganismes injectés, ce qui suggère une reconnaissance/réponse spécifique; (vi) de démontrer l'existence d'une voie de transmission du signal fonctionnelle depuis des récepteurs membranaires de type Toll (TLR) jusqu'au facteur NF-κB, mais pas d'une voie de type IMD. Ainsi, la réponse immunitaire innée de la moule apparait extrêmement complexe, mettant en jeux des effecteurs polymorphes dont l'expression est modulée en fonction de la saison, de l'origine géographique et de façon spécifique en réponse à différents microorganismes. Par contre, la transcription de leurs gènes pourrait être sous le contrôle d'une seule voie de transmission du signal. / The Mediterranean mussel, Mytilus galloprovincialis (bivalve, mollusc), is an ecologically and economically essential animal. As other invertebrates, it possesses only an innate immune system to protect itself against infections. However, constantly exposed to a large variety of invasive and potentially pathogen microorganisms, and existing since more than 500 million years, its immune system seems very effective. To improve our understanding on such a system, present works were made concerning the structure and expression regulation of peptides involved in the immune response. They allowed (i) to determine that the constitutive expression levels of genes linked to immunity, as well as the nature and intensity of their expression regulation, are strongly dependent on the season and on the geographical origin of mussels; (ii) to confirm the crucial role of the three-dimensional structure of antimicrobial peptides (AMP) in biological activities; (iii) to determine the complete structure of mytimycine, a strictly antifungal peptide, as well as of cytokine MIF; (iv) to confirm the existence of an extended polymorphism of mRNA coding for the molecular effectors of immunity in individuals, within and between populations; (v) to determine that expression levels of genes linked to immunity are strongly dependent to the injected microorganisms, suggesting a specific recognition/ response; (vi) to demonstrate the existence of a functional signalling pathway from Toll-like receptors (TLR) to NF-κB factor, but not of an IMD-like pathway. In conclusion, the immune response of the mussel appeared extremely complex, involving polymorphic effectors expressed differently according to the season, the geographical origin, and specifically in response to different microorganisms. On the other hand, their gene transcription could be under the control of only one signal transmission pathway.

No description available.

L'objectif principal de ce travail est l'étude de la résistance au lavage des connections faites par fils électriques développées pour la réalisation de textiles intelligents. Cette étude est basée sur l'utilisation de trois différents fils électriques par la technique de broderie ; deux différents fils métalliques (M-1& M-2) et un fil enduit par de l'argent (S.C). Les échantillons ont été préparés en utilisant une machine industrielle de broderie et en utilisant un point de type 300, plus précisément un point 302 (zigzag) en faisant varié l'intervalle entre deux points successifs (1,2 et 3rnm). Ces échantillons devant pouvoir s'intégrer au sein d'un vêtement, leur« confectionnabilité »a été testés au travers des tests KES (Kawabata Evaluation System) en se concentrant sur les propriétés de flexion et de cisaillement de l'étoffe ainsi « instrumenté » conformément aux recommandations trouvées dans la littérature. Cette étude a été menée sur les échantillons initiaux mais aussi sur les échantillons ayant subis 1, 5 et 10 lavages. En parallèle avec ces caractérisations mécaniques, une étude électrique de ces derniers a été entreprise. Ont été testées, l'impédance de la connexion et aussi sa réponse en fréquence (de 100Hz à 11Mhz). L'analyse des résultats a mis en évidence un comportement en transmission du signal de type «second ordre », avec une évolution de la fréquence propre du filtre ainsi constitué vers les fréquences plus basses. Tous les échantillons ont ensuite été soumis à un lavage. Ces tests ont été répétés après chaque lavage jusqu'au 10ème. A partir des résultats obtenus nous avons pu établir un modèle de comportement et mettre en évidence une complexification du réseau de connexion surtout dans le cas des fils métalliques utilisés. Toutes ces expériences et modèles proposés, nous ont permis de conclure quant au potentiel important de ces types de technique de connexion et de proposer une série d'extension de ces travaux dans le cadre de travaux futur. / Main objective of this work is to study the washing behavior of textile based connections developed by using conductive threads. Two metallic threads (M-l & M-2) and one silver coated thread (S.C) have been used to make samples. The samples have been fabricated with different numbers of stitches per cm by using these conductive threads. After several tests it has been concluded to use the metallic thread in the bobbin of Jock stitch machine or embroidery machine. Embroidery machine has been used to make the samples. The embroidery has been done with zigzag stitch and samples were made. Three different distances between two consecutive stitches have been used that are 1mm, 2mm and 3mm. Samples have been characterized for mechanical (shear & bending) properties, using a KAWABATA testing instrument. Considerable differences have been observed among three types of threads. Graphical representation made it easy to highlight the behavioural aspects of each type. Then at other series of samples have been produced having different stitch densities. These samples then analyzed for electric properties by using mulitmeter, teraohm meter. Samples were also analyzed for signal transmission properties with the help of a frequency generator and an oscilloscope. The attenuation and phase angles were calculated at different frequencies ranging from 100Hz to 11MHz. Very interesting behaviour of the circuits have been observed and discussed in detail. AIL the samples are then subjected to washing and were again tested for all properties (shearing, bending, electric, and signal transmission).The tests have been repeated after each wash and observed the changes. In the final part of thesis all the results have been discussed, reasons have been identified and conclusion has been made.

Zur Verbesserung der Störsicherheit bei der digitalen Signalübertragung wird eine Hysterese in die Übertragungskennlinie des Gatters eingefügt. Der Einfluss der Höhe der beiden Schwellwerte auf die Anzahl der auftretenden Fehler wird mittels eines Rechnerprogrammes untersucht. Ein Zufallsgenerator erzeugt Signale in verschiedenen Höhen und Breiten, die sich den ungestörten Signalen überlagern. Es erfolgt eine Umsetzung einer integrierten Schaltung auf einem TTL Master. Die Schaltung wird mittels eines eigens entwickelten Netzwerkanalyseprgrammes berechnet. Messergebnisse werden mitgeteilt. / To enhance the noise immunity of digital signal transmission, a hysteresis is introduced to the transfer characteristic of integrated digital circuit. The influence of height of the two threshold values to the number of occurring errors is examined by a computer program. A random number generator generates signals of different heights and widths, which are superimposed on the undisturbed signals. There is an implementation of an integrated circuit on a TTL master. The DC performane is calculated by means of a specially developed circuit analysis program. Measurement results are presented.

Diploma thesis focuses on simultaneous transmission of selected photonic services by one single-mode optical fiber. The thesis deals with the problem of common transmission of multiple photonic services by one optical fiber using the wavelength division multiplex technology. Furthermore, the origin and influence of nonlinear phenomena accompanying the simultaneous transmission of photonic services are described. Except common data transmission with a bitrate of 10 Gbit/s, a common high-speed data signal transmission with a bitrate of 200 Gbit/s, accurate time transmission and high-power sensor signal are considered. During the aimultaneous transmission of selected photonic services, the measurement of the transmission parameters was performed for various variants of the simultaneous transmission arrangement. In particular, the influence of nonlinear phenomena and possible mutual interference of individual transmission channels at 50 and 100 GHz between signals was analyzed.