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The purpose of the study was to determine selected economic behaviors of female heads of households. The objectives were to determine (1) selected economic behaviors of single female heads of households, (2) selected economic behaviors of divorced female heads of households, (3) selected economic behaviors of separated female heads of households, (4) selected economic behaviors of widowed female heads of households, and (5) to compare selected economic behaviors of female heads of households by marital status. The sample was obtained from the 1984 data collection of the 1968-1984 Panel Study of Income Dynamics by the Institute of Social Research at The University of Michigan. Those studied were all in households with a female head, children under age 18, no other adults living In the household and had been In this status one year or more. The sample consisted of 50.5% divorced heads of households, 35.3% single heads of households, 10.7% separated heads of households, and 3.6% widowed heads of households. Because of their low representation, widowed female heads of households were excluded from data analysis. Economic behavior was further defined as financial and non-financial behavior. Financial behavior would Include savings, assets, spending and debt decisions. Non Financial behavior would include occupation, work and labor force attachment decisions. Economic behaviors were determined for each female head of household and comparisons were made among female headed households. The statistical analysis used were chi square and analysis of variance. Chi square was used on nominal data and analysis of variance was used on interval data to ascertain If a difference existed between female heads of households. The findings Indicate that female heads of households have different economic behaviors. Divorced heads of households had more savings, assets, debts, expenditures, and hours worked, than single and separated female heads of families. Separated heads of households had less savings, assets, debts, expenditures, and worked less hours compared to divorced and single female heads of households. In 1984, female heads of households represented 48% of alI familIes in poverty. Female headed families, a diverse group, do not perceive their income in the same way. The findings indicate that female heads of households engage in different financial practices regardless of their income level. / M.S.

Parental attitudes about childrearing, parental nutrition knowledge, and the food consumption of one randomly selected six-to eight-year-old child per family were investigated in a group of 66 nuclear families and 17 single-parent families. Each family recorded three consecutive, non-weekend days of their child's food and beverage intake, and completed a demographic questionnaire, true/false nutrition knowledge test and the Parent Attitude Research Instrument (PARI). There were no statistically significant differences between groups for food consumption based on assessment using a modified version of the Basic Four food groups; however, children in single-parent families consumed school breakfast more frequently than did children in nuclear families (p < 0.01). Approximately 50% or more of the children in single-parent families and the children in nuclear families consumed less than the recommended number of servings of the Basic Four food groups, with the exception of above recommended intake levels of the breads and cereals group in both family types. Parental attitudes were different in single-parent and nuclear families when measuring the factor of irritability versus warmth for parents from both family structures (p <0.01) and for mothers alone in both family types (p <0.02). Single-parent mothers were less warm than mothers or both parents in nuclear families. However, parental attitudes were not significantly correlated with Basic Four food group intake in either family type. Nutrition knowledge was not statistically different in single-parent and nuclear families, with a mean score of 18 out of 23 correct in both family types. In single-parent families, nutrition knowledge was positively correlated with breads/cereal intake (r=0.64, p <0.006) and in nuclear families, nutrition knowledge was negatively correlated with meat/meat substitute intake (r=-0.36, p <0.0001). Income and educational level were not correlated with food consumption in nuclear families, when food intake was assessed using a modified version of the Basic Four food groups. In single-parent families, educational level was positively correlated with the mean number of meals consumed over a three day period (r=0.54, p <0.02) and negatively correlated with meat and meat substitute consumption (r=-0.50,p <0.04). / Ph. D. / incomplete_metadata

Text in Afrikaans / The adolescents touched by their parent's divorce often display certain behavioral problems, such as withdrawal, aggression, and deterioration in academic performance, total apathy and misconduct. These adolescents experience mixed feelings in their period of distress. When one gets behind the reasons for certain behavior, the adolescents usually confess that the parents' divorce affected them. Parents often do not think about the emotional implications their divorce has on their children. Authors differ about the age at which children are influenced the most by their parents getting divorced. This study confirms suspicions that although adolescents want to break ties with their parents, they still feel threatened when their parents split up. During serious conflict in the family, the divorce is sometimes perceived as positive. The study makes everybody involved with the adolescent aware of the emotional disruption and the influence a divorce could have on their daily functioning. / Die studie oor die belewinge van die adolessente in die enkelouergesing as gevolg van egskeiding, spruit voort uit waarnemings tydens die interaksie met adolessente wat deur die ouers se egskeiding geraak is. Sodanige adolessente toon dikwels sekere gedragspatrone, soos onttrekking, aggressie, verswakking van akademiese prestasie, algehele lusteloosheid en wangedrag. Wannneer hulle genader word, ontken hulle dikwels dat iets skort. Hulle wil nie anders beskou word as ander adolessente wat nie in dieselfde situasie verkeer nie. Die ondersoek toon dat adolessente gemengde gevoelens in hulle tyd van nood ondervind het. Wanneer wel agter die rede vir die teruggetrokkenheid of aggressie of verswakkende akademiese prestasie gekom word, erken adolessente gewoonlik dat die ouers se egskeiding hulle onderkry. Ouers dink dikwles nie aan die emosionele uirwerking wat hulle egskeiding op die kinders het nie. Skrywers verskil oor die ouderdom waarop kinders die meeste deur die ouers se egskeiding beinvloed word. Die respondente in hierdie studie bevestig vermoedens dat, alhoewel adolessente hulself wil losmaak van die ouers, hulle wel bedreig voel wanneer die ouers uitmekaargaan. Tydens ernstige konflik in die gesin word die egskeiding tog soms as positief ervaar. Dit beteken egter nie dat dit vir hulle maklik is nie. Wanneer daar voor die egskeiding min konflik is en die verblyfreelings daarna vir die aolessent aanvaarbaar is, is die aanpassingsproses gewoonlik makliker. Die studie maak alle betrokkenes by die adolessent bewus van die emosionele ontwrigting waaraan hy blootgestel word en die uitwerking wat dit op sy alledaagse funksionering kan he. / Educational Studies / M. Ed. (Voorligting)

In recent times, the incidence of single-parent families has increased rapidly with the principle cause being the rising divorce rate. The vast majority of these single-parent families are headed by women and a predominantly common factor in these households is the extent to which they are financially impoverished after divorce. This situation has given rise to the phenomenon known as the feminisation of poverty, where women are seen to make up the majority of the poor. This study examines the many varied factors contributing to this phenomenon and discusses some of the general solutions offered world-wide to address these poverty-stricken households. An assessment is then made of those legal solutions most appropriate for South Africa / Law / LL.M.

The aim of this thesis is to describe appropriate and threatening educational strategies that have arisen as a result of parental divorce, and based on the theoretical recommendations and research conducted among a selected group of respondents to formulate educational recommendations that minimizes problems of children from divorced families. The survey seeks to answer questions about what respondents selected as their options to manage a period around parents divorce and what made the situation worse. To achieve the objectivity of this thesis were to set partial goals: 1. To find out how the respondent assessed with hindsight suitability and unsuitability of educational strategies used by parents during divorce 2. compare their opinions with the strategies formulated in the theoretical part. The focus of this work is qualitative research, processed by using content analysis of the interview. Semi-structured interviews with selected respondents from single-parent families aged between 19 and 25 years old, reversely maps their view on the appropriate educational strategies of their parents. The interviews were analyzed based on criteria described in theoretical part. Then I individual analyse interviews and match them to accordingly. Most helpful for respondents were supportive persons which they...