本研究的目的係為了解單親隔代教養家庭樣貌，以及家庭中祖父母職的角色，並且探討單親隔代教養家庭之家庭系統。研究以質性研究方式進行，深度訪談10位單親隔代教養祖母，其中離婚之單親子女男女性別各半。研究發現，祖父母投入單親隔代教養家庭的原因包括：對於子女及孫子女情感的牽絆與不捨、由代間交換所獲得的愛與關懷、以及祖父母重視家庭的文化觀。單親隔代教養祖父母職的角色包括：社會性及象徵性的角色、工具性的角色、教育性角色以及情感性的角色。單親隔代教養之家庭系統議題包括「家庭週期」、「家庭角色」、「次系統及界線」，以及「權力及聯盟」。「家庭週期」的部分包括：祖父母從極力避免子女離婚至與子女一起度過離婚後的各種變動，如家庭重組、祖父母支持子女與其重新適應新生活的歷程；「家庭角色」的部分則包括：從子女離婚後的缺位替補、以及祖父母與其單親子女在家庭生活中共同建構新的家庭角色；「次系統及界線」的部分則包括：單親子女與孫子女重建親子次系統、祖父母協助避免親子系統形成僵化和疏離的界線，以及祖父母與其成年子女建立相互支持和緊密的成人的次系統；「權力及聯盟」部分包括：單親隔代教養家庭中存在單親家長「身為家長的權力」、祖父母「當家作主的權力」，以及不在家中的非監護權家長，也似乎影響著家庭的權力關係。此外，單親隔代教養中亦存在性別議題，包括離婚子女返家的經歷，女性返家須透過與父母商量，回家也可能只是過渡；家庭角色對男性的期待只需賺錢養家，但女性卻較被認為是照顧者的角色；另，祖父母對內、外孫的態度亦有所差異，有些祖父母認為自己對待孫子女無分內、外孫，但仍然有些祖父母出現內孫優先的想法。研究最後針對實務工作者、服務體系及社會政策三方面提出相關建議，以增進單親隔代教養家庭的福祉。 / The purpose of this study was to better understand the single-parent families that live with grandparents and the roles of grandparents in family systems theory. Qualitative method is employed in the study. Data were drawn from in-depth interviews with ten grandparent caregivers of divorced single-parent families.The findings indicated that the reasons why grandparents devoted to single-parent families’ caregiving tasks include: grandparents having deep feeling and love for their children and grandchildren, love and caring received from intergenerational exchange, and the cultural heritage of the family value.The roles of grandparents include:social and symbolic role, instrumental role, educational role and emotional role.The family systems of single-parent families which live with grandparents include: family life cycle, family roles, family subsystems and boundaries, and family power and coalitions. The family life cycle include : reorganization of family and supporting children to re-adapt to new life. The family roles include: substituting the absence of ‘family roles’, rebuilding new family roles; The family subsystems and boundaries include: rebuilding parental subsystem and preventing their parental subsystem from being rigid and isolated , rebuilding a supported and intimate subsystem between grandparents and the single parent；The family power and coalitions include: the parent as the power center , grandparents as being the power of decision makers and the unavoidable role of the non-custody parent relating to the power of the family. The gender issues also existed between divorced son and daughter in situations like the way they returning home, the family roles expected, and the grandchildren treated. Finally, implications were made from the aspects of practitioners, the service system, and social policy to enhance the well-being of the single-parent families that live with grandparents.

Zugl.: Erfurt, Univ., Diss.

Thesis (D. Min.)--Ashland Theological Seminary, 2005. / Abstract. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 160-168).

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Lund University, 1995. / Summary in Swedish. Errata sheet inserted. Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Lund University, 1995. / Summary in Swedish. Errata sheet inserted. Includes bibliographical references.

The master's thesis defines problematics of divorce rate and especially the financial situation of an incomplete family. The thesis focuses on a legal aspect of a divorce. It also defines means which are offered by the legislation of Czechia in order to ameliorate financial situation of an incomplete family. Concurrently, the thesis introduces selected approaches which can be used by social workers when working with an individual, a family or a social group. The empirical investigation depicts approaches used by social workers in sample situations. The empirical investigation was used to obtain information on workload of social workers in both state and private sector. Additionally, the data from the sample set includes information on interdisciplinary cooperation when addressing the needs of incomplete families.

The purpose of the study was to investigate the possibility ofusingJlelational Theory as a basis for the design of a support group programme for divorced single-parent families. This programme aimed at improving their interpersonal relationships and then to form new identities realistically, thus helping them to self-actualise. The categories of involvement, experience and meaningful attribution as well as the stages of awareness, exploration, personalisation and change initiation formed the basis of the programme. The effects of marital disruption on the interpersonal relationships and identities of singleparent families were also examined through a literature review. Pre and posttest interviews were conducted individually with single parents and their children to evaluate the effectiveness of the support group programme. The pretest interviews were administered a month before the implementation of the programme and the posttest interviews done two months after to gauge the longitudinal effect of the programme. The interviews and the progranune included the following aspects : awareness, exploration and evaluation of relationships (including aspects such as parental and spousal conflicts, parent alignment and parent availability, sibling rivalry and parent-child interaction); awareness, exploration and evaluation of identities (including identity conflicts stemming from role strain, role reversals and parent alignment); self-evaluation and selfactualisation. The conclusions from the literature study, the outcome of the support group progranune and the results of the interviews confirmed that marital disruption does adversely affect the interpersonal relationships of single-parent families and their formation of new, realistic identities. Single-parent families attribute unrealistic meaning to relationships and identities causing problematic relationships and identity conflicts. The nature and quality of the relationships also affect the formation of realistic identities resulting in a failure to self-actualise. In conclusion, the support group programme helped the single-parent families to attribute realistic meaning to their relationships and identities, resulting in improved relationships and the formation of realistic identities / D. Ed. (Psychology of Education)

The thesis deals with the issue of single parenthood from the perspective of women mothers. The main aim of the thesis was to survey the attitude of lone mothers - mothers of minor children - to the single parenthood. To generally describe the impact, which a termination of a partnership may have on a lone woman a mother raising minor child/children. What living circumstances she has to face and what lifestyle they chose at this stage of their lives. And finally, what forms of help they use. The text is divided into two parts theoretical and practical one. First chapter of the theoretical part deals with the family and its mission, what functions the family should fulfil in relation to its individual members and what could be the results if these functions are disrupted. The chapter is completed with the view of parenthood, which significantly changes the proper functioning of a family. Chapter two describes the crisis in partnership or marriage resulting in single parenthood. Furthermore, various forms related to child care after separation of partners are mentioned as well as potential impacts of the separation on the family. The third chapter discusses the maintenance and potential support, which single mother may receive from the state, surroundings or family. Finally, the chapter assesses the potential of women single mothers on the labour market. For the practical part of the thesis, a questioning technique was chosen and used in semi-structured interviews. The examined group consisted of fifteen women single mothers, aged 25-55, living in the district of Písek, having been at least six months after a divorce/separation and taking care of minor children. Women, who involuntarily become single mothers due to the partner´s death, were not included in the examined group. In connection with the thesis objective, two survey questions were asked: "How do lone women mothers of minor children - deal with single parenthood?" and "What support provided by the family, surroundings or the state do the lone women mothers of minor children use?". The survey has revealed that the majority of communication partners faces difficult financial situation caused by the loss of a second income or generally deteriorated potential on the labour market due to the necessity to combine work and child care without the support of the second partner and in many cases due to the improper fulfilment of maintenance obligations by fathers. Almost half of the communication partners has experienced such a situation, when the obliged parent fails to fulfil his maintenance obligation properly. Among other issues connected with the single parenthood, many communication partners mentioned the feeling of loneliness, lack of the father´s interest in his children, compromises they have to make when choosing a job or activities for their leisure time. The survey has shown that majority of the communication partners spends most of their leisure time by taking care of children or the household. The thesis may be used as a study material for students with social and legal specialization, as an introduction to the issue. In addition, women who experienced divorce/separation may utilize it as one of prospective manuals for the solution to their difficult situation.

O relacionamento entre avós e netos está sendo vivenciado por mais tempo, devido ao aumento da expectativa de vida da população, sendo essa relação supostamente benéfica para ambas as gerações. Nas famílias monoparentais chefiadas por mulheres, a participação dos avós tem sido comum, principalmente no cuidado dos netos. Esse arranjo familiar se caracteriza pela ausência paterna, ocorrendo um investimento mais intenso nas trocas afetivas entre as mães e os filhos, bem como entre avós e netos. O avô materno ou paterno, em geral, cumpre um papel importante na sustentação dessa configuração familiar. Esta pesquisa teve como objetivo geral descrever a função do avô na família monoparental feminina, na sua perspectiva. E como objetivos específicos: analisar como se caracteriza a convivência dos avôs com os netos, provenientes de famílias monoparentais femininas; identificar os sentimentos e as percepções advindos dessa relação; elencar atividades que os avôs e netos realizam em conjunto e com que frequência; e compreender a percepção dos avôs frente à mediação da mãe na relação dele com os netos. Foi realizado um estudo descritivo exploratório e a natureza da pesquisa foi qualitativa. Os respondentes foram oito avôs que tinham filha chefiando urna família monoparental, independente da idade e escolaridade, sendo a maioria pertencente ao nível socioeconômico médio. Eles responderam a um questionário biosociodemográfico e a uma entrevista semiestruturada. Os resultados mostraram que os avôs demonstraram valorizar muito a relação com os netos, bem como ficou evidenciado seu protagonismo nesse tipo de configuração familiar através dos cuidados, ajuda financeira, frequência de contato e atividades realizadas com os netos . Pode-se perceber uma preferência e uma proximidade maior com estes, talvez como uma forma de compensar ou minimizar a ausência paterna, o que corrobora a literatura. Na sua percepção, há um bom relacionamento com a filha, havendo apenas um caso em que existe conflito. Pode-se concluir que, em geral, eles se mostraram aceitos e valorizados pelas filhas e netos, sentindo-se especialmente responsáveis por eles. / The relationship between grandparents and grandchildren hás been being longer, due to the increase of people's life expectancy, and this relationship is supposed to be beneficiai for both generations. In single-parent families headed by women, the grandparents participation hás been common, mainly for the care of the grandchildren. This family arrangement is featured by paternal absence, with more intense investment in the affective exchanges between mothers and children, as well as grandparents and grandchildren. The maternal or paternal grandfather, plays an important role in sustaining family dynamics through this support, in general. This research had as its general objective describing the grandfathefs lunction at the female one-parent family, over their perspective. And as specific objectives: analyzing how characterized the coexistence of the grandfathers with the grandchildren is, coming from single-parent female families; Identifíng feelings and perceptions arising from this relationship; Listing activities that grandparents and grandchildren do together and how frequently these activities take place; Undexstanding the grandparents' perception of the mother's mediation over their relationship with their grandchildren. An exploratory descriptive study was carried out and the nature of the research was qualitative. The respondents were eight grandfathers who had a daughter heading a single parent family, regardless of age and schooling, with the majority belonging to the average socioeconomic levei. They answered to a biosociodemographic questionnaire and a semi-structured interview. The results revealed that grandparents take the relationship with the grandchildren with great consideration, as well as their protagonism in this type of family configuration through the care, financial aid, frequency of contact and activities performed with the grandchildren was evidenced. It is possible to perceive a preference and greater proximity with these, perhaps as a way to compensate or minimizing the paternal absence, which corroborates the literature. In their perception, there is a good relationship with the daughter, there hás been only one case where there is conflict. It demonstrates that they have shown themselvcs to be accepted and valued by their daughters and grandchildren, feeling especially responsible for them, in general.

M.A. (Social Work) / Please refer to full text to view abstract