The South African population is highly populated by single mothered families. Fatherlessness has emerged as one of the greatest social problems, especially as children who grow up in families with absent-fathers suffer lasting damage. The aim of this study was to examine the effect of fathers’ imprisonment on the functioning of the family and social work interventions to mitigate the effect. The study used mixed method research design. Data was collected through the use of questionnaires and in-depth interviews. This study employed three sampling strategies; namely multi-stage sampling and purposive sampling as well as snow-ball sampling. The sample was made up of 65 members of families whose father is in prison or had been to prision and 15 social work officials. Qalitative data was analyised using themes and parrtens that emerged during interviews with participants, quantitative data was analysed using SPSS computer softerwere. Findings revealed that father’s imprisonment has negative impact that causes dysfunctional families. The negative effect is due to the loss of a father figure and a provider of the family. Inequality and stigmatisation among family members were also found to cause dysfunctional families after the father’s imprisonment. Findings from social work officials revealed social service interventions to mollify the family dysfunctions. However, majority of families are provided services through offender re-integration, others lack unawareness regarding social work interventions for families with fathers in prison. Findings further reveal that resources are limited to enhance the provision of adequate and better psychosocial support for affected families in order to alleviate the undesirable impact of father’s imprisonment. There is therefore a compelling need for implementing policies that will enable dysfunctional families with fathers imprison to access adequate psychosocial support services. The study also recommended that, social welfare system should be strengthened by embarking on enlightenment programmes that create awareness about family based interventions for dysfunction families with fathers in prison.

Esta tese investiga as representações de maternidade em mulheres situadas na configuração monoparental feminina da contemporaneidade, analisando as implicações dessas significações no exercício da maternidade. Aborda as relações entre os significados, as atribuições da maternidade e a cultura, destacando as variações nas significações do ser mãe, atreladas aos deslocamentos dos sentidos do ser mulher, no curso do processo civilizador. Investiga as representações da maternidade para compreender a subjetividade da mulher-mãe na cultura contemporânea e os modos dessa exercer a função educativa no contexto monoparental, entendendo a centralidade do Desejo da Mãe na subjetivação do filho, na transmissão da ordem simbólica e na construção da sua cidadania. A pesquisa foi realizada com cinco mulheres sem cônjuge, com filhos, através de entrevistas semiabertas, sendo esse recurso empregado desde o campo conceitual da Psicanálise. A metodologia adotada foi a da pesquisa psicanalítica, em que o método freudiano de investigação dirigiu a escuta e interpretação das falas dos sujeitos. Para analisar essas falas, foram destacados elementos fundamentais desse grupo cultural, emergentes nos discursos das mulheres: a mãe, o filho e o pai. A base conceitual da Psicanálise sustenta a interpretação dos discursos das mães sobre o tema da maternidade, onde o narcisismo, a feminilidade, o complexo de Édipo e o Desejo de Mãe foram os eixos teóricos interpretativos principais, tomados na análise da subjetividade feminina. Na leitura e compreensão dessa temática, também foi realizado um diálogo com outras disciplinas das Ciências Humanas. A tese indica que os significados da maternidade e os modos de ocupação do lugar parental materno dependem das vivências narcísicas, identificatórias, edípicas e da economia de gozo da mulher, em conjunção com as expectativas culturais sobre parentalidade, filiação e conjugalidade. Em relação a essas questões, o estudo aponta a presença de pontos de tensão nas experiências das mães situadas na dobradiça, isto é, na transição da modernidade para a pós-modernidade. Os relatos permitem dizer que a Função Paterna inscrita na mulher, o pai simbólico da mãe, é o que torna possível a limitação da onipotência materna na configuração monoparental, assim como afirmar ser o pai real um importante agente na regulação da economia libidinal nessas famílias. Este estudo questiona o suposto da emergência de um matriarcado no laço social contemporâneo e o declínio da Função Paterna, assinalando que as mudanças da posição da mulher na cultura não implicam a realização da fantasia da mulher toda. Por outro lado, aponta uma possível mudança na economia pulsional das mulheres, naquilo que concerne ao gozo Outro, na maternidade. / This thesis investigates the representations of motherhood in women situated in the contemporary female single parent family configuration, analyzing the implications of these significations in the practice of motherhood. It approaches the relations among significances, motherhood attributions and culture, highlighting the variations in the significations of being a mother, linked to the displacements of the meanings of being a woman, along the civilizing process. It investigates the representations of motherhood in order to understand the subjectivity of the woman-mother in the contemporary culture and the ways they perform the educative function in the single parent context, understanding the centrality of Mother’s Wish in the subjectivation of the child, in the transmission of the symbolic order and in the construction of their citizenship. The research was developed with five women, no spouse, with children, by the means of semi-open interviews, being this resource used from the perspective of the conceptual field of Psychoanalysis. The methodology adopted was the psychoanalytic research, in which the listening and interpretation of the subjects’ speech was guided by Freud’s method of investigation. In order to analyze these speeches, fundamental elements of this cultural group, emerging from the women’s discourses, were highlighted: the mother, the child and the father. The conceptual basis of Psychoanalysis gives support to the interpretation of the discourses of these mothers about motherhood, where narcissism, femininity, the Oedipus complex and the Mother’s Wish were the main interpretative theoretical axes, taken in the analysis of female subjectivity. In the reading and understanding of this issue, a dialogue with other subjects of the Human Sciences was also developed. The thesis indicates that the significations of motherhood and the modes of occupation of the mother’s parental place depend on narcissistic, identification and oedipal experiences of the woman’s jouissance economy, associated with cultural expectations in relation to parenthood, filiation and conjugability. In relation to these questions, the study points to the presence of tension points in the experiences of mothers situated on the hinge, that is, in the transition from Modernity to Post-Modernity. From the reports, it is possible to say that the Paternal Function inscribed in the woman, the mother’s symbolic father, is what makes the limitation of maternal omnipotence possible in the single parent configuration, as well as to assert that the real father is an important agent in the regulation of the libidinal economy in these families. This study questions the supposed emergence of a matriarchy in the contemporary social bond and the decreasing of Paternal Function, pointing out that the changes of woman’s position in the culture don’t imply the coming true of the whole-woman fantasy. On the other hand, it points to a possible change in women’s drive economy, concerning the Other-jouissance, in motherhood.

Made available in DSpace on 2018-06-04T19:14:37Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2017-04-17 / Introdução: Mulheres que apresentam impossibilidade ou dificuldade para engravidar muitas vezes recorrem às técnicas de reprodução humana assistida (RHA). A tomada de decisão quanto à utilização da RHA com ovodoação pressupõe o rompimento de paradigmas e representações sobre a transmissão sanguínea/ genética e a ideia de que a maternidade inclui a experiência da gestação e parto. Considerando a RHA heteróloga como tema contemporâneo e polêmico, mulheres interessadas podem buscar nas mídias sociais, blogs, websites de clínicas particulares e hospitais públicos informações para subsidiar sua tomada de decisão. Objetivo: Esta pesquisa teve como objetivo identificar alguns dos obstáculos enfrentados por mulheres que buscam a maternidade utilizando material genético de terceiros. Método: O estudo teve como foco depoimentos disponíveis em dois espaços virtuais voltados para mulheres envolvidas no processo de RHA heteróloga. Os comentários realizados pelas participantes foram analisados e categorizados considerando as barreiras enfrentadas referentes às vivências e dúvidas quanto aos seus projetos de maternidade. Resultados: A análise dos relatos possibilitou identificar alguns dos obstáculos, objetivos e subjetivos, enfrentados por mulheres que buscavam a maternidade com a utilização de material genético de terceiros, valorizando o blog como espaço de circulação de informação e socialização. Pode-se destacar a importância do espaço virtual em diversas situações: incentivo ao processo de tomada de decisão, ou não, quanto à RHA heteróloga para alcançar a maternidade; necessidade de vínculo genético, ou não, para a construção da família; construção sociocultural relacionada à consanguinidade e laços familiares; solidariedade diante das vivências relatadas; socialização de experiências e compartilhamento do conhecimento construído; apoio a outras mulheres; doação compartilhada de oócitos como solução para diminuição de custos do tratamento de alta tecnologia; enfrentamento do preconceito quanto à utilização de gametas doados; exposição do diagnóstico de infertilidade para realizar a maternidade monoparental; discussão sobre a idade e certas patologias como fatores de restrição à maternidade. Conclusão: Os blogs têm sido um importante fórum de discussões onde há compartilhamento de dúvidas, conhecimentos e explicitação das ambiguidades em relação ao tema. O anonimato parece favorecer essas trocas. Informações somadas a experiências podem proporcionar reflexões a respeito da RHA, favorecendo a desconstrução de barreiras e a mudança de valores e atitudes relativas a esse tema. / Introduction: Women who can’t get pregnant or face some difficulties for it, sometimes search for assisted reproduction techniques (AHR). To make the decision to use the Assisted Human Reproduction (AHR) with the donation of oocyte, requires the breaking of paradigms and representations of blood / genetic transmission and the acceptance of the idea that having a child means the experience of pregnancy and birth. Considering AHR a different and controversial contemporary theme, interested women can search for private clinics, hospitals and public information in social medias, blogs and websites that will help them making their decision. Objective: The purpose of this research is to identify some obstacles faced by women who desire the motherhood by using other people’s genetic material. Method: The essay had a focus on available collected testimonies from two selected virtual space aimed at women involved with the AHR process. The participants’ comments were examined and classified considering the obstacles they had about their experience and doubts related to their motherhood projects. Results: The reports analysis permitted the identification of a series of objective and subjective problems faced by women who wanted the motherhood with the donation of genetic material, and appreciating blogs as a place to exchange and share information. The virtual space is important in many situations: encouragement to the process of decision, or not, related to the AHR to get the pregnancy; genetic relationship needs, or not, to build a family; sociocultural development related to blood and family bonds; sympathy before the related experiences; sharing the experiences and knowledge built; support to other women; oocyte donation as a solution to an expensive high technological treatment; facing the prejudice about the use of given gametes; exposing the diagnostic of infertility to do the single parent motherhood; discussion about age and some disorders as restriction factors to motherhood. Conclusion: Blogs have been an important discussion forum where it is possible to share doubts, to know and explain the ambiguity ideas about the theme. Anonymity seems to benefit the experiences exchanged. Information allied to experiences may provide observation about AHR, and help to deconstruct barriers and change values and attitudes about this theme. / BV UNIFESP: Teses e dissertações

Esta pesquisa se propôs a analisar a experiência de parentalidade vivenciada por casais separados que escolheram a guarda compartilhada como forma de cuidar de seus filhos. A amostragem foi intencional, composta por seis casais, sendo quatro completos (ex-marido e ex-mulher) e dois incompletos (somente um exmarido em um caso e apenas uma ex-mulher em outro), formando um conjunto de dez entrevistados. As entrevistas foram gravadas, transcritas literalmente e submetidas a uma Análise de Conteúdo. Os temas que emergiram foram: como se deu a escolha por este tipo de guarda; como ocorre a parentalidade nesta situação de guarda compartilhada e fatores que favorecem ou dificultam a manutenção dos laços parentais nestas condições. Os resultados mostram que a escolha por este tipo de guarda se deu por orientação do advogado ou de outro operador do Direito; quanto ao modo como a parentalidade vem sendo exercitada na guarda compartilhada, o que se salienta é que, apesar de algumas dificuldades, tais como conciliar as especificidades desse vínculo com o respeito e a preservação da individualidade de cada um dos ex-integrantes do casal, os pais vêm, na maior parte das vezes, conseguindo superar estes desafios, priorizando o melhor interesse dos filhos. As atribuições parentais vêm sendo exercidas de um modo mais igualitário, caracterizando um novo estilo parental; quanto aos fatores que favorecem a manutenção da parentalidade na guarda compartilhada encontramos: priorizar o bem estar dos filhos; saber distinguir a conjugalidade da parentalidade; manter um canal aberto de comunicação para tratar dos interesses deles. Os que dificultam, são: divisão assimétrica das atribuições do cotidiano dos filhos, dificuldade de comunicação entre os pais, propostas educacionais divergentes e a competição entre os ex-cônjuges. / This research had the objective to analyse the experience of parenthood by divorced and separated couples who chose joint custody to take care their children. The sample was intentional and compounded by six couples. Their are four couples (ex-husbands and ex-wives) and two incomplete couples (only one ex-husband and only a woman), as the total of ten people. The interviews were recorded, transcribed and submitted to Content Analyse. The themes were analysed as: how to choose this type of guard; how manage the parental responsabilities in this situation and what factors help or make difficult the maintenance of parental ties. The results showed that the choice by this type of guard was the oriented by a lawyer or other justice agent; regard the exercise of parental responsabilities, althought some difficulties, such as adjust the specificities this tie the respect and preserve the individuality by each member of the couple, the parents, in most cases, obtained sucess and took priority to children interests. The parental attributions were exercising in igualitarian type; the factors that help the parenthood maintenance in shared guard were: to priority the children well-being; to distinguish the conjugal ties to the parental ties; to maintain an open communication channel to deal with the children interests. The factors that difficult the joint custody were: a assimetric division of routine care, inapropriate communication between parents and their educational objectives and competition between them.

Esta tese investiga as representações de maternidade em mulheres situadas na configuração monoparental feminina da contemporaneidade, analisando as implicações dessas significações no exercício da maternidade. Aborda as relações entre os significados, as atribuições da maternidade e a cultura, destacando as variações nas significações do ser mãe, atreladas aos deslocamentos dos sentidos do ser mulher, no curso do processo civilizador. Investiga as representações da maternidade para compreender a subjetividade da mulher-mãe na cultura contemporânea e os modos dessa exercer a função educativa no contexto monoparental, entendendo a centralidade do Desejo da Mãe na subjetivação do filho, na transmissão da ordem simbólica e na construção da sua cidadania. A pesquisa foi realizada com cinco mulheres sem cônjuge, com filhos, através de entrevistas semiabertas, sendo esse recurso empregado desde o campo conceitual da Psicanálise. A metodologia adotada foi a da pesquisa psicanalítica, em que o método freudiano de investigação dirigiu a escuta e interpretação das falas dos sujeitos. Para analisar essas falas, foram destacados elementos fundamentais desse grupo cultural, emergentes nos discursos das mulheres: a mãe, o filho e o pai. A base conceitual da Psicanálise sustenta a interpretação dos discursos das mães sobre o tema da maternidade, onde o narcisismo, a feminilidade, o complexo de Édipo e o Desejo de Mãe foram os eixos teóricos interpretativos principais, tomados na análise da subjetividade feminina. Na leitura e compreensão dessa temática, também foi realizado um diálogo com outras disciplinas das Ciências Humanas. A tese indica que os significados da maternidade e os modos de ocupação do lugar parental materno dependem das vivências narcísicas, identificatórias, edípicas e da economia de gozo da mulher, em conjunção com as expectativas culturais sobre parentalidade, filiação e conjugalidade. Em relação a essas questões, o estudo aponta a presença de pontos de tensão nas experiências das mães situadas na dobradiça, isto é, na transição da modernidade para a pós-modernidade. Os relatos permitem dizer que a Função Paterna inscrita na mulher, o pai simbólico da mãe, é o que torna possível a limitação da onipotência materna na configuração monoparental, assim como afirmar ser o pai real um importante agente na regulação da economia libidinal nessas famílias. Este estudo questiona o suposto da emergência de um matriarcado no laço social contemporâneo e o declínio da Função Paterna, assinalando que as mudanças da posição da mulher na cultura não implicam a realização da fantasia da mulher toda. Por outro lado, aponta uma possível mudança na economia pulsional das mulheres, naquilo que concerne ao gozo Outro, na maternidade. / This thesis investigates the representations of motherhood in women situated in the contemporary female single parent family configuration, analyzing the implications of these significations in the practice of motherhood. It approaches the relations among significances, motherhood attributions and culture, highlighting the variations in the significations of being a mother, linked to the displacements of the meanings of being a woman, along the civilizing process. It investigates the representations of motherhood in order to understand the subjectivity of the woman-mother in the contemporary culture and the ways they perform the educative function in the single parent context, understanding the centrality of Mother’s Wish in the subjectivation of the child, in the transmission of the symbolic order and in the construction of their citizenship. The research was developed with five women, no spouse, with children, by the means of semi-open interviews, being this resource used from the perspective of the conceptual field of Psychoanalysis. The methodology adopted was the psychoanalytic research, in which the listening and interpretation of the subjects’ speech was guided by Freud’s method of investigation. In order to analyze these speeches, fundamental elements of this cultural group, emerging from the women’s discourses, were highlighted: the mother, the child and the father. The conceptual basis of Psychoanalysis gives support to the interpretation of the discourses of these mothers about motherhood, where narcissism, femininity, the Oedipus complex and the Mother’s Wish were the main interpretative theoretical axes, taken in the analysis of female subjectivity. In the reading and understanding of this issue, a dialogue with other subjects of the Human Sciences was also developed. The thesis indicates that the significations of motherhood and the modes of occupation of the mother’s parental place depend on narcissistic, identification and oedipal experiences of the woman’s jouissance economy, associated with cultural expectations in relation to parenthood, filiation and conjugability. In relation to these questions, the study points to the presence of tension points in the experiences of mothers situated on the hinge, that is, in the transition from Modernity to Post-Modernity. From the reports, it is possible to say that the Paternal Function inscribed in the woman, the mother’s symbolic father, is what makes the limitation of maternal omnipotence possible in the single parent configuration, as well as to assert that the real father is an important agent in the regulation of the libidinal economy in these families. This study questions the supposed emergence of a matriarchy in the contemporary social bond and the decreasing of Paternal Function, pointing out that the changes of woman’s position in the culture don’t imply the coming true of the whole-woman fantasy. On the other hand, it points to a possible change in women’s drive economy, concerning the Other-jouissance, in motherhood.

Made available in DSpace on 2017-06-01T18:08:22Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 dissertacao_maria_lucia_cavalcanti.pdf: 2081415 bytes, checksum: 2d17a9fe66b442d2ec80a6e3128c2ab4 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-12-01 / This research had the objective to analyse the experience of parenthood by divorced and separated couples who chose joint custody to take care their children. The sample was intentional and compounded by six couples. Their are four couples (ex-husbands and ex-wives) and two incomplete couples (only one ex-husband and only a woman), as the total of ten people. The interviews were recorded, transcribed and submitted to Content Analyse. The themes were analysed as: how to choose this type of guard; how manage the parental responsabilities in this situation and what factors help or make difficult the maintenance of parental ties. The results showed that the choice by this type of guard was the oriented by a lawyer or other justice agent; regard the exercise of parental responsabilities, althought some difficulties, such as adjust the specificities this tie the respect and preserve the individuality by each member of the couple, the parents, in most cases, obtained sucess and took priority to children interests. The parental attributions were exercising in igualitarian type; the factors that help the parenthood maintenance in shared guard were: to priority the children well-being; to distinguish the conjugal ties to the parental ties; to maintain an open communication channel to deal with the children interests. The factors that difficult the joint custody were: a assimetric division of routine care, inapropriate communication between parents and their educational objectives and competition between them. / Esta pesquisa se propôs a analisar a experiência de parentalidade vivenciada por casais separados que escolheram a guarda compartilhada como forma de cuidar de seus filhos. A amostragem foi intencional, composta por seis casais, sendo quatro completos (ex-marido e ex-mulher) e dois incompletos (somente um exmarido em um caso e apenas uma ex-mulher em outro), formando um conjunto de dez entrevistados. As entrevistas foram gravadas, transcritas literalmente e submetidas a uma Análise de Conteúdo. Os temas que emergiram foram: como se deu a escolha por este tipo de guarda; como ocorre a parentalidade nesta situação de guarda compartilhada e fatores que favorecem ou dificultam a manutenção dos laços parentais nestas condições. Os resultados mostram que a escolha por este tipo de guarda se deu por orientação do advogado ou de outro operador do Direito; quanto ao modo como a parentalidade vem sendo exercitada na guarda compartilhada, o que se salienta é que, apesar de algumas dificuldades, tais como conciliar as especificidades desse vínculo com o respeito e a preservação da individualidade de cada um dos ex-integrantes do casal, os pais vêm, na maior parte das vezes, conseguindo superar estes desafios, priorizando o melhor interesse dos filhos. As atribuições parentais vêm sendo exercidas de um modo mais igualitário, caracterizando um novo estilo parental; quanto aos fatores que favorecem a manutenção da parentalidade na guarda compartilhada encontramos: priorizar o bem estar dos filhos; saber distinguir a conjugalidade da parentalidade; manter um canal aberto de comunicação para tratar dos interesses deles. Os que dificultam, são: divisão assimétrica das atribuições do cotidiano dos filhos, dificuldade de comunicação entre os pais, propostas educacionais divergentes e a competição entre os ex-cônjuges.

The goal of this study was to provide a link between the family-supportive benefits offered by an employer, and the work-family conflict experienced by that organization's employees. In order for employee outcomes such as job satisfaction to remain high, the work-family conflict experienced by the employee needs to remain low. One way to possibly lower the amount of work-family conflict experienced is to offer family-supportive benefits.

This thesis focuses on the topic of single-parent family, because this type of family, which are led only by one parent, is very relevant to our present social situation. In the context of current demographic trends related to the transformation of society in the perception of family and partner relationships, it can be assumed that their number will be continue to grow. Specifically this thesis is focused on single fathers, although many studies speaks of a certain percentage of single fathers in the Czech Republic, research on this topic has been carried out only a few times so far. For the most part, a woman is at the forefront of "incomplete" families. Single-parent family is perceived as a highly gendered experience, which is primarily related to women. The aim of this work was to find out what the experience of single parent looks like in the case of single fathers. This premise of this thesis is to explore what reasons have the fathers to choose to be single parents, what this type of commitment means for men, how they sign on their everyday life and especially how this type of primary care relates to the concept of hegemonic masculinity. Gender perspective thus provides a comprehensive insight into single-parent family and presents the perspective of the fathers themselves. For this purpose...

The master thesis is focused on policy design identification in relation to trans people in the Czech Republic in the time period 2012 - 2020. The work uses the theory of Social Construction of Target Population (TSKCP) written by authors Schneider and Ingram. The goal of this paper is to describe three main elements of TSKCP: content of public policy, political power of the target population and its social construction. Based on this, the paper aims to classify the target group of trans people according to the typology of the theory used. For the purpose of this paper, five interviews with respondents were conducted and especially statements of experts as well as analysis of public policy documents are the key parts for answering the research question. Next, analysis of more than seventy online articles related to the examined population within the given time frame was conducted, thanks to which the question of how trans people are constructed in the Czech internet media was answered. There were two main kategories as an outcome of this analysis, including a more detailed explanation. The work also brings in its results the identification of benefits and burdens that arise for the examined target population from the legislative setting.

No description available.