Made available in DSpace on 2015-05-15T11:46:16Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 745962 bytes, checksum: dafc9bbf19626b18e95a2f7d98c99929 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-03-17 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / In this paper we study the concept of lineability and its recent applications to some sets of continuous real functions. These sets are formed by functions that achieve the absolute maximum in a single point of its domain. In the first chapter we consider the real line and its closed and semi-closed domais as intervals for these functions. In the second chapter we study more general results than those in the previous chapters. In the third chapter we present the theory of degree of continuous applications of Sn in Sn as a tool to demonstrate the Borsuk-Ulam theorem. This result is used a crucial tool in Chapter 2. / Neste trabalho estudamos o conceito de lineabilidade e suas recentes aplicações a alguns conjuntos de funções reais contínuas. Esses conjuntos s~ao formados por funções que atingem o máximo absoluto em um único ponto de seu domínio. No primeiro capítulo consideramos a reta e seus intervalos fechados e semifechados como domínios para essas funções. No segundo capítulo estudamos resultados sobre domínios mais gerais que os do capítulo anterior. No terceiro capítulo apresentamos a teoria de grau de aplicações contínuas de Sn em Sn como ferramenta para demonstrarmos o Teorema de Borsuk-Ulam. Este resultado é usado de modo crucial no Capítulo 2.

Neste trabalho, diferentes tipos de microestruturas foram geradas por torneamento com ferramenta de diamante de ponta única e microendentação para serem replicadas através da prensagem a quente. Testes foram realizados para ser avaliada a geração destas microestruturas por dois métodos distintos: microdeformação e microusinagem, planejados para observar a replicação gerada por marca de endentação Vickers (piramidal) e, remoção de material (torneamento com ferramenta de diamante de ponta única). Uma revisão no processo de manufatura aplicada para a replicação de microestruturas é apresentada. Os materiais usados como molde e réplica foram o cobre eletrolítico e o polimetilmetacrilato (PMMA), respectivamente. Inicialmente, a usinabilidade do cobre eletrolítico foi avaliada sob diferentes condições de corte, a fim de determinar parâmetros apropriados de torneamento para obter um fino revestimento de superfície final (rugosidade). Observou-se que para avanços (f) de 10 mícrons por revolução e profundidade de corte (ap) de 5 mícrons, a superfície apresentou um baixo valor de rugosidade, isto é, 2,81 nm para rugosidade média (Ra) e 13,4 nm para rugosidade teórica (Rt). Além disso, observou-se que a microestrutura do material mostrou-se de fundamental papel na rugosidade, por conta da recuperação elástica dos grãos devido a anisotropia da estrutura policristalina do cobre. As microestruturas geradas para a replicagem foram: a) lente esférica, b) perfil senoidal e sulcos concêntricos. Os resultados mostraram que é viável a reprodução, com boa conformidade das microestruturas, por meio de prensagem a quente. Observou-se que as bordas e as superfícies finas com rugosidade em torno de 10 nm rms foram bem replicadas. / In this work, different types of microstructures were generated by single point diamond turning and microindentation for will replicated through the hot embossing. Tests were carried to evaluate the generation these microstructures by two distinct methods: micro-deformation and micro-machining, planned to observe the replication of the mark generated by the Vickers indenter (Pyramidal) and the latter by material removal (single point diamond turning). A review on several manufacturing processes applied to replication of microfeatures, is presented. The materials used as mould and replication workpiece were electroless copper and polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA), respectively. Initially, the machinability of electroless copper was evaluated under different cutting conditions to determinate appropriate turning parameters to obtain very fine surface finish (roughness). It was observed that for f = 10 microns of revolution (feed rate) and ap = 5 microns (depth of cut), the surface presented the roughness’ lowest value, i.e., 2,81 nm to medium roughness (Ra) and 13,4 nm to theoretical roughness (Rt). Moreover, it was observed that the microstructure of the material plays a fundamental role on roughness, because of the elastic recovery of grains due to the anisotropy of the polycrystalline structure of copper. The microfeatures generated were the following: a) spherical lens, b) sinusoidal profile and concentrical grooves. The results showed that it is feasible to reproduce, with good agreement, the microfeatures by means of hot embossing. It was observed that thin edges and fine surfaces with roughness around 10 nm rms were well replicated.

Aim of this diploma thesis is to develop a referential catalogue of public administration services, which should provide its users with summary of services provided by public administration. Theoretical part of thesis at first defines notions and presents problems connected with providing public administration services in context of development in period after Velvet revolution in Czech Republic. After that, work follows with global situation in European Union and concentrates on one country (Austria) and its services. During design of the catalogue was used actual knowledge and research about service providing, which reflects customer oriented approach and access through single point of contact. The necessity of splitting the whole process of service providing into two parts, service access and service execution part, is emphasized. Within design of catalogue are presented two main models -- domain model describing the structure of catalogue itself and service model, describing services. Based on analysis of possible uses and its integration potential with existing systems are defined its main benefits and is devised integrating principles designed in catalogue into "Portal veřejné správy".

Ce travail de thèse traite de la détection des défauts mécaniques des roulements à billes par analyse de grandeurs mécaniques et électriques dans des machines synchrones à aimants permanents haute vitesse. Le domaine applicatif de ce travail concerne l'aéronautique. Généralement, pour surveiller l'état des roulements à billes dans un actionneur électrique, des mesures vibratoires sont réalisées. Elles permettent, en exploitant le spectre du signal vibratoire, de mettre facilement en évidence la détérioration du roulement. Cette méthode de surveillance est cependant relativement couteuse en termes d'instrumentation et le placement d'un capteur vibratoire dans des équipements à fort degré d'intégration est parfois difficile. Nous proposons dans ce mémoire d'utiliser d'autres grandeurs physiques prélevées sur le système pour réaliser la surveillance de ces défauts. Il peut s'agir de grandeurs mécaniques (vitesse, position par exemple) et de grandeurs électriques (courant statorique, courant onduleur par exemple). L'utilisation de données déjà disponibles dans l'équipement pour les besoins de la commande permet ainsi de supprimer le système d'acquisition vibratoire. A partir d'enregistrements temporels de données réalisées au cours de campagnes d'essais, nous proposons des méthodologies de traitement du signal permettant d'extraire automatiquement des informations sensibles au défaut à surveiller. L'idée finale est de construire des indicateurs de l'état de santé des roulements permettant de prendre « juste à temps » des décisions fiables relatives à la maintenance ou à la sécurisation de l'équipement. Pour construire ces indicateurs, les signatures spécifiques aux défauts de roulements sont étudiées de manière théorique et expérimentale, pour l'ensemble des grandeurs prélevées. Leurs propriétés sont mises en évidence, permettant ainsi de définir les bandes fréquentielles les plus contributives au diagnostic. L'extraction de ces signatures est réalisée dans le domaine fréquentiel selon plusieurs méthodes. Deux types d'indicateurs automatiques différents sont proposés. Le premier est construit directement à partir du spectre d'amplitude des grandeurs par extraction de l'amplitude des harmoniques dans des bandes fréquentielles particulières. Le second intègre une dimension statistique dans l'analyse en exploitant le caractère aléatoire de certains harmoniques pour détecter la présence du défaut. Des critères de comparaison sont définis et utilisés pour étudier les performances des indicateurs proposés pour deux campagnes d'essais avec des roulements artificiellement dégradés, pour différentes vitesses de fonctionnement et pour différents paramètres de réglage des indicateurs. / This Ph.D. thesis deals with detection of mechanical bearings faults by analysis of mechanical and electrical signals in high speed permanent magnet synchronous machine. The application domain of this work concerns aeronautics. Generally, to monitor the ball bearings status in electrical actuator, the vibration measurements are used. They allow, by extracting the vibration spectrum, to easily detect the deterioration of the bearing. This monitoring method is relatively expensive in terms of instrumentation and placing a vibration sensor in equipment with a high integration degree can be difficult. We propose in this paper to use other physical quantities taken from the system to perform the monitoring of these defects. It may be mechanical quantities (for example speed, position) and electrical quantities (for example stator current, power inverter). From time recording of data carried out during test campaigns, we propose signal processing methodologies to automatically extract information sensitive to the monitored fault. The final idea is to construct indicators of bearings health and make decisions relating to maintenance or equipment security. To construct these indicators, specific bearing defects signatures are studied theoretically and experimentally, for all collected variables. The extraction of these signatures is carried out in frequency domain. Two different types of automatic indicators are proposed. The first is constructed directly from the amplitude spectrum by extraction of the harmonic amplitude of the spectrum in particular frequency bands. The second includes a statistical dimension analysis by exploiting the random nature of some harmonics to detect fault presence. Criteria of comparison are defined and used to study the proposed indicators performances for two trial campaigns with artificially degraded bearings, for different speed functioning and for different regulation of indicators parameters.

A viscosimetria é um procedimento experimental simples e pouco oneroso, que pode fornecer informações valiosas sobre o volume hidrodinâmico e a conformação de macromoléculas em solução, num determinado solvente, em uma dada temperatura. Os parâmetros viscosimétricos podem ser matematicamente calculados por extrapolação gráfica, cuja execução experimental é mais demorada. Em contrapartida, é possível que a determinação seja feita por um único ponto. Neste trabalho, os dois métodos de cálculo, empregando uma série de seis equações: Huggins, Kraemer e Schulz-Blaschke, por extrapolação gráfica, e Schulz-Blaschke, Solomon-Ciuta e Deb-Chanterjee por um único ponto, foram utilizados em soluções de poli(glicol propilênico) (PPG) e copolímeros em bloco à base de poli(glicol propilênico) e poli(glicol etilênico) (EG-b-PG), com diferentes teores de poli(glicol etilênico), tendo isopropanol, tetra-hidrofurano (THF) e tolueno como solventes puros, além das misturas em proporções iguais de THF/ isopropanol e THF/ tolueno, a 25C. Os valores de viscosidade intrínseca e de algumas constantes indicaram que os solventes puros e as misturas se apresentaram no limite entre o bom e o mau solvente. Verificou-se também que o método de cálculo por um único ponto foi válido, especialmente quando a equação de Schulz-Blaschke foi empregada, apresentando um baixo percentual de erro sendo possível assim reduzir o tempo de análise para a maioria dos sistemas estudados / The viscosimetry is a simple and inexpensive polymer characterization method that provides valuable information about the hydrodynamic volume and conformation of macromolecules in solution, in a solvent, at a given temperature. The viscosimetric parameters can be mathematically calculated by graphic extrapolation. Nevertheless, these experimental tests demands a lot of time. However, it is possible to achieve results by a single point determination. In this work, the two calculation methods, employing a series of six equations: Huggins, Kraemer and Schulz-Blaschke, by graphic extrapolation; and Schulz-Blaschke, Solomon-Ciuta and Deb-Chanterjee, by a single point determination, were performed in solutions of poly(propylene glycol) (PPG) and block copolymers based on poly(glycol ethylene) and poly(glycol propylene) (EG-b-PG) with different poly (glycol ethylene) segments content. Isopropanol, tetrahydrofuran (THF) and toluene were employed as solvents. Mixtures of equal proportions of THF/ isopropanol and THF/ toluene were utilized as well. The viscosimetric determinations were performed at 25 0,1 C. The values of intrinsic viscosity and of some constants indicated that the pure solvents and the mixtures were in the limit between good and bad solvent. It was also observed that the method of calculation by a single point was valid, specially when Schulz-Blaschke equation was used, showing a low error percentage for most systems studied, reducing the time of analysis

The present work studies instantaneous motion of smooth planar and spatial objects in unilateral point contacts. The traditional first-order instantaneous kinematic analysis is found insufficient to explain many common physical scenarios. The present work looks beyond the velocity state of motion for a comprehensive understanding through higher-order kinematic analysis of the above system. The methodology proposed herein is a Euclidean space approach to second-order motion space analysis of objects in point contacts. The geometries of the objects are approximated up to second-order in the differential vicinity of the point of contact; meaning, up to curvature at the point of contact. The instantaneous motion is approximated up to second-order kinematics, i.e., up to acceleration state. The basic approach consists of impressing an instantaneous motion upon one object while holding the other fixed which is in a single point contact initially, and observing for one of the following three states: penetration, separation, and persistence of contact between the two objects. These three states are characterized by the interference between the geometries of the objects. Penetration and separation of two curves for rotation about points on the plane is geometrically studied based on the relative configuration of the osculating circles at the point of contact. It is shown that the plane is partitioned into four regions of rotation centers. Partitioning of the plane into motion space regions at a contact provided a geometrical framework compose the motion space for multiple contacts. The applications include second-order form-closure (SFC) and synthesis of kinematic pairs. To explore the consequence of a generic motion, an analytical scheme is formulated using the screw theoretic concepts of twist and twist-derivative. It is shown that the characteristics of second-order motions at a single contact depends only upon the geometric kinematic properties of the motion; meaning, the motion characteristics are time-independent. The geometric conditions for the second-order motion that will be admissible or restrained at a contact are not available in the existing literature on \second-order mobility". The classical Euler-Savary equation for enveloping curves is found to represent the condition which is both necessary and sufficient for the second-order roll-slide motion. An elegant generalized geometric characterization of second-order motions is derived. This is made use for deriving condition of immobilization of, planar mechanisms with up to 2-degrees-of-freedom (d.o.f.), with a single point contact. Illustrative examples of four-bar and 2R-mechanisms are presented. Rapid prototyped model of the four-bar mechanism is fabricated and the SFC theory is verified satisfactorily. Through a novel use of Meusnier's theorem, rotational motion characteristics of planar curves in a point contact is used to determine the patterns and distribution of admissible axes of rotation in space for two surfaces in a single point contact. In the generalized analytical method of motion space analysis, the surfaces are locally represented in Monge's form up to second-order terms and motion is represented using twist and twist-derivative. An analytical framework for the second-order motion space analysis of surfaces with multiple contacts has been developed. Using this procedure, pairs of objects are analyzed for SFC and equivalent lower kinematic pair freedom. Revolute and planar joints with two contacts, prismatic joint with three contacts, SFC of regular concave spherical tetrahedron and regular tetrahedron with four contacts are demonstrated. Although conventional first-order studies demand seven contact points for form-closure, within the context of second-order motion, the present study established that, under special geometric conditions relative immobilization of two smooth objects can be enabled with much fewer contacts. Conditions for immobilization using three and two smooth contacts have been derived. Using contact kinematics equations based on higher-order reciprocity, an instantaneous spatial higher pair to lower pair substitute-connection which is kinematically equivalent up to acceleration analysis for two smooth surfaces in persistent point contact is derived. An illustrative example of a three-link direct-contact mechanism is presented.

A viscosimetria é um procedimento experimental simples e pouco oneroso, que pode fornecer informações valiosas sobre o volume hidrodinâmico e a conformação de macromoléculas em solução, num determinado solvente, em uma dada temperatura. Os parâmetros viscosimétricos podem ser matematicamente calculados por extrapolação gráfica, cuja execução experimental é mais demorada. Em contrapartida, é possível que a determinação seja feita por um único ponto. Neste trabalho, os dois métodos de cálculo, empregando uma série de seis equações: Huggins, Kraemer e Schulz-Blaschke, por extrapolação gráfica, e Schulz-Blaschke, Solomon-Ciuta e Deb-Chanterjee por um único ponto, foram utilizados em soluções de poli(glicol propilênico) (PPG) e copolímeros em bloco à base de poli(glicol propilênico) e poli(glicol etilênico) (EG-b-PG), com diferentes teores de poli(glicol etilênico), tendo isopropanol, tetra-hidrofurano (THF) e tolueno como solventes puros, além das misturas em proporções iguais de THF/ isopropanol e THF/ tolueno, a 25C. Os valores de viscosidade intrínseca e de algumas constantes indicaram que os solventes puros e as misturas se apresentaram no limite entre o bom e o mau solvente. Verificou-se também que o método de cálculo por um único ponto foi válido, especialmente quando a equação de Schulz-Blaschke foi empregada, apresentando um baixo percentual de erro sendo possível assim reduzir o tempo de análise para a maioria dos sistemas estudados / The viscosimetry is a simple and inexpensive polymer characterization method that provides valuable information about the hydrodynamic volume and conformation of macromolecules in solution, in a solvent, at a given temperature. The viscosimetric parameters can be mathematically calculated by graphic extrapolation. Nevertheless, these experimental tests demands a lot of time. However, it is possible to achieve results by a single point determination. In this work, the two calculation methods, employing a series of six equations: Huggins, Kraemer and Schulz-Blaschke, by graphic extrapolation; and Schulz-Blaschke, Solomon-Ciuta and Deb-Chanterjee, by a single point determination, were performed in solutions of poly(propylene glycol) (PPG) and block copolymers based on poly(glycol ethylene) and poly(glycol propylene) (EG-b-PG) with different poly (glycol ethylene) segments content. Isopropanol, tetrahydrofuran (THF) and toluene were employed as solvents. Mixtures of equal proportions of THF/ isopropanol and THF/ toluene were utilized as well. The viscosimetric determinations were performed at 25 0,1 C. The values of intrinsic viscosity and of some constants indicated that the pure solvents and the mixtures were in the limit between good and bad solvent. It was also observed that the method of calculation by a single point was valid, specially when Schulz-Blaschke equation was used, showing a low error percentage for most systems studied, reducing the time of analysis

Aim of this diploma thesis is to develop a referential catalogue of public administration services, which should provide its users with summary of services provided by public administration. Theoretical part of thesis at first defines notions and presents problems connected with providing public administration services in context of development in period after Velvet revolution in Czech Republic. After that, work follows with global situation in European Union and concentrates on one country (Austria) and its services. During design of the catalogue was used actual knowledge and research about service providing, which reflects customer oriented approach and access through single point of contact. The necessity of splitting the whole process of service providing into two parts, service access and service execution part, is emphasized. Within design of catalogue are presented two main models – domain model describing the structure of catalogue itself and service model, describing services. Based on analysis of possible uses and its integration potential with existing systems are defined its main benefits and is devised integrating principles designed in catalogue into „Portal veřejné správy“.

This master thesis focuses on designing of an external six-component balance. This universal concept would provide access of results from different models of wings, aircraft and automobiles with relatively small scales. This work also includes theoretical background needed in aerodynamic testing, analysis of 1D beam element model of scale and explanation of components used in scale. Lastly methods of calibration and measurement in aerodynamic tunnel are described, which can be adopted for this design to achieve the adequate level of accuracy.

Triple modular redundancy (TMR) with repair is commonly used to improve the reliability of systems. TMR is often employed for circuits implemented on field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs) to mitigate the radiation effects of single event upsets (SEUs). This has proven to be an effective technique by improving a circuit's sensitive cross-section by up to 100x. However, testing has shown that the improvement offered by TMR is limited by upsets in single configuration bits that cause TMR to fail.This work proposes a variety of mitigation techniques that improve the effectiveness of TMR on FPGAs. These mitigation techniques can alter the circuit's netlist and how the circuit is placed and routed on the FPGA. TMR with repair showed a neutron cross-section improvement of 100x while the best mitigation technique proposed in this work showed an improvement of 700x.This work demonstrates both some causes behind single bit SEU failures for TMR circuits on FPGAs and mitigation techniques to address these failures. In addition to these findings, this work also shows that the majority of radiation failures in these circuits are caused by multiple cell upsets, laying the path for future work to further enhance the effectiveness of TMR on FPGAs.