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Development of Multicomponent Polyimide - Carbon Nanotube/polypyrrole Composites for Enhanced Energy Storage in Supercapacitor ElectrodesGooneratne, Ruchinda January 2022 (has links)
No description available.
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Separation of Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes By Electronic Type Using Conjugated PolymersRice, Nicole 11 1900 (has links)
Since their discovery over two decades ago, single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) have become one of the most investigated nanomaterials in materials science. Their exotic optical, electrical, thermal and mechanical properties afford them amazing potential in a variety of different fields. Current SWNT synthetic processes produce heterogeneous mixtures of both semiconducting and metallic SWNTs. The mixed electronic nature of these materials, combined with their limited solubility, has significantly hampered the realization of many applications and necessitates the development of post-synthetic purification techniques. Conjugated polymers offer a significant advantage over other proposed strategies in that not only do they provide a cheaper and scalable route towards the isolation of SWNTs, but they also allow for the preparation of materials with novel properties. Polyfluorenes have been extensively investigated in the literature due to their preference towards dispersing semiconducting SWNTs; however, these dispersions are often quite dilute, and the polyfluorene structure is incompatible with certain device applications for SWNTs. Poly(2,7-carbazole)s offer a viable alternative to polyfluorenes for the purification of bulk SWNT material. At the time of this thesis, there have been relatively few reports investigating the interactions of poly(2,7-carbazole)s with SWNTs, and the majority of examples in the literature have suffered from poor stability and complex dispersal procedures due to the inherent insolubility of the 2,7-carbazole structure.
The work presented in this thesis involved the preparation and characterization of a novel poly(2,7-carbazole) structure that displayed excellent solubility in a variety of organic solvents, allowing for the preparation of extremely stable and relatively concentrated dispersions of SWNTs. Thorough characterization of the supramolecular complexes through absorbance, photoluminescence and Raman spectroscopies determined that this polymer preferentially disperses semiconducting SWNTs.
A second objective of this work was to investigate how modification of various parameters (including polymer structure, molecular weight and the type of SWNTs) can influence the quality of the resultant composite dispersions. One important study performed was to investigate how the electronic nature of the polymer backbone can affect the separation of SWNTs by electronic type. We demonstrate for the first time that by incorporating an electron-poor functionality into a polyfluorene it is possible to change from dispersing only semiconducting SWNTs to solubilizing both electronic types. This investigation highlights the potential importance of incorporating electron-poor functionalities in the development of polymeric systems that can selectively discriminate metallic SWNTs, which remains a challenging endeavor at the time of this thesis publication. / Thesis / Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
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Thermoelectric Properties of Carbon Nanotubes (CNT) - Fibroin CompositesEnyinnaya, Chukwuka January 2022 (has links)
No description available.
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CVD Synthesis of Single-walled Carbon Nanotubes from Selected CatalystsChen, Ying January 2010 (has links)
No description available.
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Temperature Dependence of Current Transport in Metal-SWNT StructuresDaine, Robert John January 2015 (has links)
No description available.
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Investigation of the Binding of Single-Stranded DNA to Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes as Studied by Absorbance and Fluorescence SpectroscopyHeines, Maureen M. 27 September 2007 (has links)
No description available.
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Improved Properties of Poly (Lactic Acid) with Incorporation of Carbon Hybrid NanostructureKim, Junseok 01 July 2016 (has links)
Poly(lactic acid) is biodegradable polymer derived from renewable resources and non-toxic, which has become most interested polymer to substitute petroleum-based polymer. However, it has low glass transition temperature and poor gas barrier properties to restrict the application on hot contents packaging and long-term food packaging. The objectives of this research are: (a) to reduce coagulation of graphene oxide/single-walled carbon nanotube (GOCNT) nanocomposite in poly(lactic acid) matrix and (b) to improve mechanical strength and oxygen barrier property, which extend the application of poly(lactic acid).
Graphene oxide has been found to have relatively even dispersion in poly(lactic acid) matrix while its own coagulation has become significant draw back for properties of nanocomposite such as gas barrier, mechanical properties and thermo stability as well as crystallinity. Here, single-walled carbon nanotube was hybrid with graphene oxide to reduce irreversible coagulation by preventing van der Waals of graphene oxide. Mass ratio of graphene oxide and carbon nanotube was determined as 3:1 at presenting greatest performance of preventing coagulation. Four different weight percentage of GOCNT nanocomposite, which are 0.05, 0.2, 0.3 and 0.4 weight percent, were composited with poly(lactic acid) by solution blending method. FESEM morphology determined minor coagulation of GOCNT nanocomopsite for different weight percentage composites. Insignificant crystallinity change was observed in DSC and XRD data. At 0.4 weight percent, it prevented most of UV-B light but was least transparent. GOCNT nanocomposite weight percent was linearly related to ultimate tensile strength of nanocomposite film. The greatest ultimate tensile strength was found at 0.4 weight percent which is 175% stronger than neat poly(lactic acid) film. Oxygen barrier property was improved as GOCNT weight percent increased. 66.57% of oxygen transmission rate was reduced at 0.4 weight percent compared to neat poly(lactic acid). The enhanced oxygen barrier property was ascribed to the outstanding impermeability of hybrid structure GOCNT as well as the strong interfacial adhesion of GOCNT and poly(lactic acid) rather than change of crystallinity. Such a small amount of GOCNT nanocomposite improved mechanical strength and oxygen barrier property while there were no significant change of crystallinity and thermal behavior found. / Master of Science
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Étude des mécanismes de croissance des nanotubes de carbone monofeuillet par spectroscopie Raman in situ / Mechanism of Single-Walled Carbon Nanotube growth studied by in situ Raman measurementsPicher, Matthieu 13 July 2010 (has links)
Ce travail de thèse consiste en une étude des mécanismes de croissance des nanotubes de carbone monofeuillets par spectroscopie Raman in situ. La première partie de ce travail est consacrée à la mise en évidence des limites en température et en pression partielle de précurseur carboné du domaine de croissance des nanotubes de carbone monofeuillets. L’atout principal de la spectroscopie Raman in situ étant de pouvoir corréler informations structurales et cinétiques, cette approche a aussi permis d'étudier l'influence des principaux paramètres de synthèse (T, P, nature du précurseur carboné et du catalyseur) sur les cinétiques de croissance et de désactivation, ainsi que sur la nature et la quantité des espèces carbonées désordonnées produites. Enfin, l’influence de la température et de la pression partielle de précurseur sur le diamètre des nanotubes formés a également été étudiée. Ce travail a finalement conduit à la mise en évidence de plusieurs processus élémentaires impliqués dans : l’activation, la croissance, la désactivation, la qualité structurale, la pureté et la sélectivité en diamètre des nanotubes. / This work presents a study of the Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes growth mechanisms by in situ Raman measurements. The first part of the manuscript is devoted to the determination of the temperature and precursor partial pressure limits of the Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes growth domain. Furthermore, in situ Raman spectroscopy allows to correlate structural information and kinetics: this approach permits to study the influence of the main synthesis parameters (T, P, nature of the carbon precursor and of the catalyst) on the growth and deactivation kinetics, and on the nature and the quantity of disordered carbon species synthesized. Lastly, a study on the temperature and precursor partial pressure effects on the nanotubes diameters is reported. All the data collected have finally led to a discussion about the elementary processes involved in: activation, growth, deactivation, structural quality, purity and diameter selectivity of Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes.
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Tintas y materiales compuestos anisotrópicos basados en nanotubos de carbono / Anisotropic nanotube-based inks and composite materials / Encres et composites anisotropes à base de nanotubes de carboneTorres-Canas, Fernando José 29 May 2015 (has links)
Cette thèse est consacrée à l'étude d'encres, de composites et de dépôts de nanotubes de carbone monofeuillets (SWNT). Le contrôle de la dispersion et de l'orientation des nanotubes dans ces matériaux composites nanostructurés vise à optimiser leurs propriétés, en particulier électriques et optiques.La première partie du travail est consacrée à l'optimisation de la dispersion des SWNT dans des suspensions aqueuses stabilisées par des tensio-actifs, des sels biliaires, et à l'étude de leurs propriétés optiques, et en particulier de leur photoluminescence (PL) dans le proche infrarouge. La spectroscopie d'absorption nous permet de sonder la dispersion des SWNT et de mesurer leur coefficient d'absorption. Nous montrons que ce dernier est très sensible au degré d'individualisation des nanotubes. Par ailleurs, nous revisitons l'interprétation des spectres de PL excités dans le proche infrarouge (en particulier à 1,17 et 1,58 eV) et attribuons les différents pics mesurés à différents mécanismes : transitions excitoniques directes, à des couplages exciton-phonon ou à des transferts d'énergie entre nanotubes. Nous montrons que l'évolution de l'intensité de PL avec l'individualisation permet de distinguer ces différents mécanismes.La seconde partie du travail est dédiée à la préparation de suspensions aqueuses stabilisées par des polymères hydrosolubles (PVA et PVP), et de composites SWNT/polymère, sans tensio-actifs. Les suspensions de nanotubes sont mélangées à des solutions de polymère, puis dialysées pour éliminer le tensio-actif. Le rendement, i.e. la concentration de la suspension finale, est de l'ordre de 75 fois plus élevée que pour une suspension préparée directement avec des polymères. Par ailleurs, les spectres de PL sont sensibles à l'environnement diélectrique des nanotubes et leur étude permet de mettre en évidence un échange entre les agents dispersants tensio-actifs/PVA à la surface des nanotubes, échange qui n'est pas observé dans le cas du PVP. Dans la troisième partie de la thèse, nous utilisons la technique d'impression jet d'encre pour imprimer des lignes continues micrométriques de SWNT, et proposons des méthodes originales pour étudier leur morphologie et leur anisotropie. La morphologie des dépôts peut varier entre deux cas limites, le dépôt homogène et la ‘‘paire de rails'', en faisant varier la concentration de nanotubes dans les encres, la distance entre gouttes et la température du substrat. L'orientation des nanotubes au bord des dépôts est très élevée (paramètre d'ordre orientationnel S entre 0,6 et 0,9), les nanotubes sont également bien orientés dans les rails (S~0.5) et dans une moindre mesure dans les lignes homogènes S~0.3. / This thesis focus on the study of inks, composites and deposits of single-wall carbon nanotubes (SWNT). The control of dispersion and orientation of nanotubes in such nanostructured composites materials allows to optimize their properties, and especially their electrical and optical properties.The first part of the work is devoted to the optimization of dispersion of SWNT in aqueous suspensions stabilized by bile salts surfactants, and to the study of their optical properties, and especially their near infrared photoluminescence (PL). Dispersion of the nanotubes is probed by absorption spectroscopy. We show that their absorption coefficient is very sensitive to the individualization of the nanotubes. On the other hand, we revisit the interpretation of the PL spectra excited in the near infrared (especially at 1.17 and 1.58 eV), and we assign the different peaks to different mechanisms, namely direct excitonic transitions, exciton-phonon coupling, and energy transfer between nanotubes. We show that the evolution of PL intensity as a function of individualization allows to distinguish the different mechanisms.The second part of the work is dedicated to the preparation of aqueous suspensionsstabilized by hydrosoluble polymers (PVA and PVP), and SWNT/polymer composites, without surfactants. SWNT suspensions are mixed with polymer solutions, and then the surfactant is removed by dialysis. The yield, i.e. the relative concentration of SWNT in the dialyzed suspension, is ~75 times higher than for a suspension prepared directly with polymers. On the other hand, PL signatures are sensitive to the dielectric environment of the nanotubes which allows to evidence an exchange between the dispersing agents bile salts/PVA on the nanotube surface, such an exchange is not observed in the case of PVP.In the third part of the thesis, we use the inkjet printing technique to print continuous micrometric lines of SWNT, and we propose original methods to study their morphology and their anisotropy. The morphology of the deposits varies between two limit cases, an homogeneous deposit and a ‘‘pair of tracks'', by varying nanotube concentration in the inks, inter-drop distance and substrate temperature. The orientation of the nanotubes is very high at the edge of the deposits (orientational order parameter S between 0.6 y 0.9), the nanotubes are well-oriented as well in the tracks (S~0.5) and to a lesser extent in the homogeneous lines (S~0.3).
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Vers la synthèse totale de nanotubes de carbone zig-zag de diamètres contrôlés / Towards the total synthesis of Zig-Zag Single Walled Carbon Nanotubes with well-defined DiametersBoutonnet, Baptiste 12 December 2014 (has links)
Les nanotubes de carbone (NTC) n'ont eu de cesse, depuis leur (re)-découverte par Sumio Iijima en 1991, de passionner la communauté scientifique. Leurs propriétés électroniques, optiques et mécaniques exceptionnelles en font l'un des matériaux les plus prometteurs dans le domaine des nanotechnologies. Néanmoins, l'utilisation des NTC en microélectronique se heurte à de nombreux problèmes. En particulier, les propriétés électroniques de ces nanotubes sont dépendantes de plusieurs paramètres : leur diamètre, leur organisation et le nombre de feuillets qui le composent. Ainsi, l’obtention de nanotubes exclusivement semiconducteurs (recherchées pour réaliser un dispositif microélectronique tel qu’un transistor) ne peut être garantie par les techniques de synthèse actuelles. Ces techniques (CVD, ablation laser, etc…) ne conduisent en général qu’à un mélange de nanotubes semiconducteurs et métalliques, difficiles à trier.Dans le cas spécifique des nanotubes de carbone « zig-zag », leur comportement électronique n’est défini que par le diamètre. Une synthèse de nanotubes exclusivement « zig-zag » et de diamètres contrôlés apporterait donc une solution définitive à ce problème.La chimie des calixarènes peut apporter des réponses à cette problématique. On utiliserait alors la chimie moléculaire pour former le NTC de façon séquentielle. L’objectif du travail réalisé est d'obtenir une structure de type « zig-zag » avec un diamètre strictement contrôlé par la taille du calixarène de départ.Nous avons abordé plusieurs méthodes de synthèse en fonction du motif de répétition envisagé pour la croissance séquentielle du nanotube de carbone. Dans un premier temps, une stratégie basée sur le motif cyclacène a été utilisée. Les résultats de ces travaux seront présentés dans le chapitre II. Au cours de ce chapitre nous présenterons la synthèse et la fonctionnalisation des calixarènes de départ, en vue de leur utilisation pour des réactions de types Wittig Horner ou Oléfination de Julia.Enfin, au cours du chapitre III, nous présenterons les résultats obtenus par utilisation d’une autre stratégie, basée sur la répétition d’un motif métacyclopolyphénylène. Cette stratégie est basée sur une succession de réactions de couplage de Suzuki, catalysés par des complexes de palladium. / Since their re-discovery in 1991 by Sumio Ijima, carbon nanotubes (CNT’s) have not stopped fascinating the scientific community. Their electronic, optical, and mechanical properties render them one of the most promising materials in the field of nanotechnology. Nevertheless, the use of CNT’s is has been hampered by a number of problems due to the fact that the electronic properties of CNT’s are dependent on several parameters such as diameter, organization and number of sheets that make them up. Because of these factors, obtaining nanotubes that function exclusively as semiconductors (such as those used for fabricating microelectronic devices such as transistors) cannot be guaranteed with the synthetic methods used today. These techniques (CVD, laser ablation, etc) are only capable of yielding a mixture of semiconducting and metallic nanotubes difficult to separate.In the particular case of « zig-zag » nanotubes, their electronic behavior is defined by their diameter. Thus, a synthetic method capable of rendering exclusively « zig-zag » nanotubes with discrete diameters would yield a solution to the problem.Calixarene chemistry can give answers to this problem. Using molecular chemistry in order to form CNT’s in a sequential fashion, the objective of this work will be to obtain exclusively « zig-zag » nanotubes with discrete diameters that are imposed by the size of the calixarene used as a starting block. We have tried several methods for the synthesis of CNT’s depending on the repetition motif used for the sequential growth of the desired carbon nanotube. Firstly, a strategy based on the acene functionality was used. The results of this work are presented in chapter II, where we will describe the synthesis and functionalization of the starting calixarenes used in reaction types such as Wittig Horner and Julia Olefination.Chapter III shows the results obtained using a different strategy based on the repetition of the metacyclopolyphenylene unit. This strategy is based on the reiteration of successive Suzuki coupling reactions catalyzed by palladium complexes.
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