Doctor Educationis / 'n Mini-tesis voorgele ter gedeeltelike vervulling van die vereistes vir die Meestersgraad in Opvoedkunde aan die Fakulteit van Opvoedkunde van die Universiteit van die Wes-Kaapland. Hierdie studie was gemotiveer deur 'n toenemende bewuswording dat afknouery in Suid-Afrikaanse hoer- en laerskole emstige afrnetings aangeneem het - soos blyk uit die daaglikse verslaggewing in die media. Die doel van die studie is om die aard en omvang van afknouery in 'n plattelandse laerskool in die Wes-Kaap te ondersoek, asook om die bestaande maatreels te evalueer wat in die skool geYmplementeer word om die effek van die verskynsel te voorkom en in toom te hou. In die literatuurstudie het ek daarop gekonsentreer om 'n historiese agtergrond van die fenomeen deur te gee, asook om die mening van kundiges op die gebied oor wat afknouery behels, die oorsake en gevolge daarvan en moontlike maniere om die probleem te hanteer, te ondersoek. Navorsing op die gebied van afknouery het heel eerste in alle ems in Noorwee en Swede 'n aanvang geneem en is later uitgebrei na antler lande. In Suid-Afrika is die fenomeen tans relatief min nagevors. Oor die algemeen vind navorsers dit uiters moeilik om afknouery akkuraat te definieer en om 'n onderskeid te tref tussen afknouery, geweld en kriminele aanranding. Daar is egter konsensus <lat afknouery in verskillende vorme manifesteer - fisies, verbaal en psigologies - en <lat <lit essensieel die manifestasie van ongelyke magsverhoudings is. Verder stem navorsers saam <lat afknouery sulke verreikende kort- en langtermyn gevolge vir die oortreder en die slagoffer inhou, dat <lit daadwerklike aandag moet geniet.

Problem statement: There seem to be perceptual incongruence between systems development managers and developers. Research shows that while managers are more positive towards systems development methodologies, developers on the other hand seem to resist and not to use systems development methodologies in their entirety but instead adapt, tailor, modify and change them depending on the project at hand (contingent use). Systems development managers can exert power through a variety of influence bases. However, these power influences may be perceived differently by developers. While some might feel constrained, others might actually feel liberated by the existence of the same influence base. Main findings: IS managers are using systems development methodologies to gain control over team members. However, there was no clear perception on whether systems development methodologies were enslaving systems developers. This was indicated by the majority of the respondents neither agreeing nor disagreeing to that effect. The research showed that most organisations are adapting the use of systems development methodologies on a project to project basis, which is referred to as the contingent use of systems development methodologies. Research method followed: The positivistic research paradigm was used as it allowed the researcher to find out patterns and regularities between power, systems development methodologies’ use and success. A survey was conducted and a questionnaire was used for data collection purposes. Questionnaire data was analysed using IBM SPSS Statistics Version 21, Release 20.0.0 software package tools. Principal conclusion: Power is interpreted in terms of the type of power that can be exercised by IT professionals specifically IS developers and their respective managers at the workplace. The roles assumed and the different power types that may be exercised in organisations provide a link as to who has the final say when it comes to the use and success rate of systems development methodologies. The contingent use of systems development methodologies provides a form of “freedom” to systems developers. Based on the research findings, the research proposes an answer to the question – are systems development methodologies enslaving systems developers and empowering IS managers? / MSc (Computer Science), North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2014

Problem statement: There seem to be perceptual incongruence between systems development managers and developers. Research shows that while managers are more positive towards systems development methodologies, developers on the other hand seem to resist and not to use systems development methodologies in their entirety but instead adapt, tailor, modify and change them depending on the project at hand (contingent use). Systems development managers can exert power through a variety of influence bases. However, these power influences may be perceived differently by developers. While some might feel constrained, others might actually feel liberated by the existence of the same influence base. Main findings: IS managers are using systems development methodologies to gain control over team members. However, there was no clear perception on whether systems development methodologies were enslaving systems developers. This was indicated by the majority of the respondents neither agreeing nor disagreeing to that effect. The research showed that most organisations are adapting the use of systems development methodologies on a project to project basis, which is referred to as the contingent use of systems development methodologies. Research method followed: The positivistic research paradigm was used as it allowed the researcher to find out patterns and regularities between power, systems development methodologies’ use and success. A survey was conducted and a questionnaire was used for data collection purposes. Questionnaire data was analysed using IBM SPSS Statistics Version 21, Release 20.0.0 software package tools. Principal conclusion: Power is interpreted in terms of the type of power that can be exercised by IT professionals specifically IS developers and their respective managers at the workplace. The roles assumed and the different power types that may be exercised in organisations provide a link as to who has the final say when it comes to the use and success rate of systems development methodologies. The contingent use of systems development methodologies provides a form of “freedom” to systems developers. Based on the research findings, the research proposes an answer to the question – are systems development methodologies enslaving systems developers and empowering IS managers? / MSc (Computer Science), North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2014

The purpose of this study was to make a contribution towards decision–making in complex environmental problems, especially where data is limited and associated with a high degree of uncertainty. As a young scientist, I understood the value of science as a measuring and quantification tool and used to intuitively believe that science was exact and could provide undisputable answers. It was in 1997, during the Safety Assessments done at the Vaalputs National Radioactive Waste Repository that my belief system was challenged. This occurred after there were numerous scientific studies done on the site that was started since the early 1980’s, yet with no conclusion as to how safe the site is in terms of radioactive waste disposal. The Safety Assessment process was developed by the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) to transform the scientific investigations and data into decision–making information for the purposes of radioactive waste management. It was also during the Vaalputs investigations when I learned the value of lateral thinking. There were numerous scientists with doctorate and master’s degrees that worked on the site of which I was one. One of the important requirements was to measure evaporation at the local weather station close to the repository. It was specifically important to measure evaporation as a controlling parameter in the unsaturated zone models. Evaporation was measured with an Apan that is filled with water so that the losses can be measured. Vaalputs is a very dry place and water is scarce. The local weather station site was fenced off, but there was a problem in that the aardvark dug below the fence and drank the water in the A–pan, so that no measurements were possible. The solution from the scientists was to put the fence deeper into the ground. The aardvark did not find it hard to dig even deeper. The next solution was to put a second fence around the weather station and again the aardvark dug below it to drink the water. It was then that Mr Robbie Schoeman, a technician became aware of the problem and put a drinking water container outside the weather station fence for the aardvark and – the problem was solved at a fraction of the cost of the previous complex solutions. I get in contact with the same thinking patterns that intuitively expect that the act of scientific investigations will provide decision–making information or even solve the problem. If the investigation provides more questions than answers, the quest is for more and more data on more detailed scales. There is a difference between problem characterization and solution viidentification. Problem characterization requires scientific and critical thinking, which is an important component but that has to be incorporated with the solution identification process of creative thinking towards decision–making. I am a scientist by heart, but it was necessary to realise that apart from research, practical science must feed into a higher process, such as decision–making to be able to make a practical difference. The process of compilation of this thesis meant a lot to me as I initially thought of doing a PhD and then it changed me, especially in the way I think. This was a life changing process, which is good. As Jesus said in Mathew 3:2 And saying, Repent (think differently; change your mind, regretting your sins and changing your conduct), for the kingdom of heaven is at hand. / Thesis (Ph.D. (Geography and Environmental Studies))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2011.

The purpose of this study was to make a contribution towards decision–making in complex environmental problems, especially where data is limited and associated with a high degree of uncertainty. As a young scientist, I understood the value of science as a measuring and quantification tool and used to intuitively believe that science was exact and could provide undisputable answers. It was in 1997, during the Safety Assessments done at the Vaalputs National Radioactive Waste Repository that my belief system was challenged. This occurred after there were numerous scientific studies done on the site that was started since the early 1980’s, yet with no conclusion as to how safe the site is in terms of radioactive waste disposal. The Safety Assessment process was developed by the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) to transform the scientific investigations and data into decision–making information for the purposes of radioactive waste management. It was also during the Vaalputs investigations when I learned the value of lateral thinking. There were numerous scientists with doctorate and master’s degrees that worked on the site of which I was one. One of the important requirements was to measure evaporation at the local weather station close to the repository. It was specifically important to measure evaporation as a controlling parameter in the unsaturated zone models. Evaporation was measured with an Apan that is filled with water so that the losses can be measured. Vaalputs is a very dry place and water is scarce. The local weather station site was fenced off, but there was a problem in that the aardvark dug below the fence and drank the water in the A–pan, so that no measurements were possible. The solution from the scientists was to put the fence deeper into the ground. The aardvark did not find it hard to dig even deeper. The next solution was to put a second fence around the weather station and again the aardvark dug below it to drink the water. It was then that Mr Robbie Schoeman, a technician became aware of the problem and put a drinking water container outside the weather station fence for the aardvark and – the problem was solved at a fraction of the cost of the previous complex solutions. I get in contact with the same thinking patterns that intuitively expect that the act of scientific investigations will provide decision–making information or even solve the problem. If the investigation provides more questions than answers, the quest is for more and more data on more detailed scales. There is a difference between problem characterization and solution viidentification. Problem characterization requires scientific and critical thinking, which is an important component but that has to be incorporated with the solution identification process of creative thinking towards decision–making. I am a scientist by heart, but it was necessary to realise that apart from research, practical science must feed into a higher process, such as decision–making to be able to make a practical difference. The process of compilation of this thesis meant a lot to me as I initially thought of doing a PhD and then it changed me, especially in the way I think. This was a life changing process, which is good. As Jesus said in Mathew 3:2 And saying, Repent (think differently; change your mind, regretting your sins and changing your conduct), for the kingdom of heaven is at hand. / Thesis (Ph.D. (Geography and Environmental Studies))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2011.

Streekontwikkelingsbeleid en differensiële verstedeliking is twee fundamentele temas binne die ruimtelike beplanningsveld. Streekontwikkelingsbeleid is veral sedert die Tweede Wêreldoorlog in Europa geïmplementeer, waar regerings besef het dat die vryemarksisteem nie noodwendig optimale ekonomiese groei op streekvlak verseker nie. Doelwitte Die primêre doelwit van hierdie studie is die integrering van effektiewe en volhoubare streekontwikkelingsbeleid met die konsep van differensiële verstedeliking, ten einde 'n effektiewe stedelike bestuursmeganisme daar te stel. Sekondêre doelwitte sluit in: * om die beginsels en doelwitte van streekontwikkelingsbeleid en streekontwikkelingsinstrumente te bepaal; * die analisering van Suid-Afrikaanse streekontwikkelingsbeleid in terme · van bogenoemde klassifikasie; * ondersoek na die teoretiese en praktiese toepassings van die differensiële verstedelikingsmodel; * om die geldigheid van die differensiële verstedelikingsmodel te bepaal in die Gauteng Funksionele Metropolitaanse Streek; en * om relevante streekontwikkelingsbeleid te integreer met sosio-ekonomiese tendense in 'n stedelike sisteem, met spesifieke verwysing na die Gauteng Funksionele Metropolitaanse Streek. Metodiek Die rasionaal vir die formulering van streekontwikkelingsbeleid word in Hoofstuk Twee beskryf. Regerings en ander streekowerhede formuleer streekontwikkelingsbeleid ten einde spesifieke doelstellings te behaal. Hierdie doelstellings verander met tyd en is gewoonlik streekspesifiek. Die relevante owerheid of instansie neem 'n besluit in terme van bogenoemde fundamentele benaderingswyses, waarna 'n keuse ten opsigte van spesifieke beleidsopsies en -instrumente geneem word. Hoofstuk Drie beskryf laasgenoemde beleidsinstrumente asook meer gedetailleerde beleidselemente soos wat dit op projekvlak geïmplementeer word. In Hoofstuk Vier word die geskiedkundige implementering van streekontwikkelingsbeleid in Suid-Afrika en spesifiek vir die Gauteng- en omliggende streek, ondersoek. Die Gauteng Funksionele Metropolitaanse Streek het reeds 'n gevorderde vlak van stedelike ontwikkeling binne die Suid-Afrikaanse konteks bereik en was histories instrumenteel in die implementering van streekontwikkelingsbeleid. 'n Sentrale tema in hierdie studie, is die beginsel dat stedelike komplekse 'verouder' met tyd. Soos wat hierdie stedelike komplekse ontwikkel, kan verskillende migrasie- en ekonomiese produksiepatrone onderskei word in dieselfde areas, maar die patrone is georiënteer in verskillende rigtings en gebaseer op verskillende motiverings. Hierdie tendense word deur die differensiële verstedelikingsmodel in Hoofstuk Vyf aangespreek. Na die afskaffing van diskriminerende wetgewing, is die verwagting dat die bevolkingsgetalle van groter stedelike komplekse vir 'n aansienlike tydperk steeds sal toeneem. In Hoofstuk Ses word hierdie migrasieprosesse, asook veranderende produksiepatrone in die studiegebied ontleed, gebaseer op die resultate van die mees onlangse sosio-ekonomiese opnames. Bevindings Uit die studie blyk dit duidelik dat streekontwikkelingsbeleid steeds geïmplementeer word in reaksie op bepaalde ongelykhede in 'n streek. Laasgenoemde verwys gewoonlik na hoe vlakke van werkloosheid en kwynende ekonomiese sektore in sekere stede. Die voorstel in die studie is die vroegtydige formulering van streekontwikkelingsbeleid vir al die elemente binne die stedelike sisteem, gegewe die huidige ontwikkelingsvlak in terme van die differensiële verstedelikingsmodel. Hiervolgens kan sentra met toenemende ekonomiese- en bevolkingsgroei vroegtydig geïdentifiseer en ontwikkeling bevorder word. Soortgelyk, kan plekke met kwynende ekonomieë en bevolkingsgetalle ondersteun word in die fase van stedelike groei. Die sosio-ekonomiese profiel van die studiegebied, naamlik die Gauteng Funksionele Metropolitaanse Streek, het in die studie bewys dat dit 'n identifiseerbare ontwikkelings- of 'verouderingsroete' gevolg het sedert die 1960s. Dit is ook duidelik in die studie dat die effektiwiteit van streekontwikkelingsbeleid en die volhoubaarheid daarvan gewoonlik omgekeer eweredig is aanmekaar: soos volhoubaarheid toeneem, neem ekonomiese effektiwiteit af. Die voorgestelde integrering van streekontwikkelingsbeleid en differensiële verstedeliking behoort hierdie negatiewe tendens ten opsigte van effektiwiteit en volhoubaarheid om te keer, ten einde toenemende volhoubaarheid en effektiwiteit te verseker in die stedelike ontwikkelingsproses. / PhD (Town and Regional Planning), Potchefstroom University for Christian Higher Education, 2001

Streekontwikkelingsbeleid en differensiële verstedeliking is twee fundamentele temas binne die ruimtelike beplanningsveld. Streekontwikkelingsbeleid is veral sedert die Tweede Wêreldoorlog in Europa geïmplementeer, waar regerings besef het dat die vryemarksisteem nie noodwendig optimale ekonomiese groei op streekvlak verseker nie. Doelwitte Die primêre doelwit van hierdie studie is die integrering van effektiewe en volhoubare streekontwikkelingsbeleid met die konsep van differensiële verstedeliking, ten einde 'n effektiewe stedelike bestuursmeganisme daar te stel. Sekondêre doelwitte sluit in: * om die beginsels en doelwitte van streekontwikkelingsbeleid en streekontwikkelingsinstrumente te bepaal; * die analisering van Suid-Afrikaanse streekontwikkelingsbeleid in terme · van bogenoemde klassifikasie; * ondersoek na die teoretiese en praktiese toepassings van die differensiële verstedelikingsmodel; * om die geldigheid van die differensiële verstedelikingsmodel te bepaal in die Gauteng Funksionele Metropolitaanse Streek; en * om relevante streekontwikkelingsbeleid te integreer met sosio-ekonomiese tendense in 'n stedelike sisteem, met spesifieke verwysing na die Gauteng Funksionele Metropolitaanse Streek. Metodiek Die rasionaal vir die formulering van streekontwikkelingsbeleid word in Hoofstuk Twee beskryf. Regerings en ander streekowerhede formuleer streekontwikkelingsbeleid ten einde spesifieke doelstellings te behaal. Hierdie doelstellings verander met tyd en is gewoonlik streekspesifiek. Die relevante owerheid of instansie neem 'n besluit in terme van bogenoemde fundamentele benaderingswyses, waarna 'n keuse ten opsigte van spesifieke beleidsopsies en -instrumente geneem word. Hoofstuk Drie beskryf laasgenoemde beleidsinstrumente asook meer gedetailleerde beleidselemente soos wat dit op projekvlak geïmplementeer word. In Hoofstuk Vier word die geskiedkundige implementering van streekontwikkelingsbeleid in Suid-Afrika en spesifiek vir die Gauteng- en omliggende streek, ondersoek. Die Gauteng Funksionele Metropolitaanse Streek het reeds 'n gevorderde vlak van stedelike ontwikkeling binne die Suid-Afrikaanse konteks bereik en was histories instrumenteel in die implementering van streekontwikkelingsbeleid. 'n Sentrale tema in hierdie studie, is die beginsel dat stedelike komplekse 'verouder' met tyd. Soos wat hierdie stedelike komplekse ontwikkel, kan verskillende migrasie- en ekonomiese produksiepatrone onderskei word in dieselfde areas, maar die patrone is georiënteer in verskillende rigtings en gebaseer op verskillende motiverings. Hierdie tendense word deur die differensiële verstedelikingsmodel in Hoofstuk Vyf aangespreek. Na die afskaffing van diskriminerende wetgewing, is die verwagting dat die bevolkingsgetalle van groter stedelike komplekse vir 'n aansienlike tydperk steeds sal toeneem. In Hoofstuk Ses word hierdie migrasieprosesse, asook veranderende produksiepatrone in die studiegebied ontleed, gebaseer op die resultate van die mees onlangse sosio-ekonomiese opnames. Bevindings Uit die studie blyk dit duidelik dat streekontwikkelingsbeleid steeds geïmplementeer word in reaksie op bepaalde ongelykhede in 'n streek. Laasgenoemde verwys gewoonlik na hoe vlakke van werkloosheid en kwynende ekonomiese sektore in sekere stede. Die voorstel in die studie is die vroegtydige formulering van streekontwikkelingsbeleid vir al die elemente binne die stedelike sisteem, gegewe die huidige ontwikkelingsvlak in terme van die differensiële verstedelikingsmodel. Hiervolgens kan sentra met toenemende ekonomiese- en bevolkingsgroei vroegtydig geïdentifiseer en ontwikkeling bevorder word. Soortgelyk, kan plekke met kwynende ekonomieë en bevolkingsgetalle ondersteun word in die fase van stedelike groei. Die sosio-ekonomiese profiel van die studiegebied, naamlik die Gauteng Funksionele Metropolitaanse Streek, het in die studie bewys dat dit 'n identifiseerbare ontwikkelings- of 'verouderingsroete' gevolg het sedert die 1960s. Dit is ook duidelik in die studie dat die effektiwiteit van streekontwikkelingsbeleid en die volhoubaarheid daarvan gewoonlik omgekeer eweredig is aanmekaar: soos volhoubaarheid toeneem, neem ekonomiese effektiwiteit af. Die voorgestelde integrering van streekontwikkelingsbeleid en differensiële verstedeliking behoort hierdie negatiewe tendens ten opsigte van effektiwiteit en volhoubaarheid om te keer, ten einde toenemende volhoubaarheid en effektiwiteit te verseker in die stedelike ontwikkelingsproses. / PhD (Town and Regional Planning), Potchefstroom University for Christian Higher Education, 2001

The aim of this study was to describe the nurses‘ perception of termination of pregnancy and her perception of her conduct towards clients that request termination of pregnancy guided by Kings‘ Systems Approach and Goal Attainment Theory. A non-experimental quantitative descriptive correlational design was used. A non-probability purposive sampling method was used consisting of institutions in the Western Cape, available to participate in this study, which deliver termination of pregnancy services, gov ernment health care institutions (21) and Marie Stopes clinics (3). Non-probability convenience sampling was used consisting of registered nurses who are working in termination of pregnancy units in these facilities (N=82). Data were collected through the administration of a self-designed questionnaire. The main findings of the study indicate that respondents (personal system) appear to feel positive about the work they are doing. Formal improvement and development are however not utilised optimally. Regarding the interpersonal system, respondents also show a positive orientation to both the woman opting for termination of pregnancy and the foetus. The potential towards transaction and ultimately goal attainment reside within this system. The respondents are also positive about legislation, employers and policies (social system) relating to termination of pregnancy. This orientation creates a milieu that is conducive to transactions, interactions and goal attainment.The main recommendation is that three systems as proposed by King be continuously integrated within the termination of pregnancy setup through, amongst other measures: values clarification, management support, in service education, the inclusion of termination of pregnancy in undergraduate programmes, focus groups and the like. / Die doel van hierdie studie was om die verpleegkundige se persepsie van terminasie van swangerskap en haar persepsie van haar houding en gedrag teenoor kliёnte wat terminasie van swangerskap versoek, aan die hand van King se Sisteembenadering en Doelwitbereikingsteorie te ondersoek en te beskryf. `n Nie-eksperimentele kwantitatiewe beskrywende korrelasie navorsingsontwerp was gebruik. `n Nie-waarskynlike doelbewuste-steekproefneming van die staatsgesondheidsorg-instansies wat terminasie van swangerskapdienste aanbied, is geneem en wat beskikbaar vir hierdie studie was (21) asook die Marie Stopesdienste (3), in die Wes-Kaap. `n Nie-waarskynlike gerieflikheidsteekproefneming is van verpleegkundiges geneem wat swangerskappe in hierdie afdelings termineer of moet termineer (N=82). Data is met behulp van `n selfontwerpte vraelys ingesamel. Die hoofbevindings van die studie dui daarop dat respondente (persoonlike sisteem) positief voel oor hul werk. Formele ontwikkelingshulpbronne word egter nie optimaal deur die sisteem benut nie. Wat die interpersoonlike sisteem betref, toon respondente ook ‗n positiewe oriëntasie tot beide die vrou wat terminasie van swangerskap aanvra en die fetus. Die potensiaal tot transaksie-sluiting en uiteindelike doelwitbereiking is binne hierdie sisteem geleë. Die respondente is ook positief oor wetgewing en die werkgewer en beleid (sosiale siteem) ten opsigte van terminasie van swangerskap. Hierdie oriëntering laat ‗n milieu wat bevorderlik is vir transaksie-sluiting, interaksie en doelwitbereiking. Die hoofaanbeveling is dat voortdurend gepoog moet word na die integrasie van King se drie sisteme binne die terminasie van swangerskapafdelings deur onder meer: waarde-uitklaringswerkswinkels, ondersteuning van bestuur, indiensopleiding, die insluiting van terminasie van swangerskap in voorgraadse kurrikula, fokusgroepe en so meer. / Health Studies / D. Litt. et Phil. (Gesondheidstudies)

The aim of this study was to describe the nurses‘ perception of termination of pregnancy and her perception of her conduct towards clients that request termination of pregnancy guided by Kings‘ Systems Approach and Goal Attainment Theory. A non-experimental quantitative descriptive correlational design was used. A non-probability purposive sampling method was used consisting of institutions in the Western Cape, available to participate in this study, which deliver termination of pregnancy services, gov ernment health care institutions (21) and Marie Stopes clinics (3). Non-probability convenience sampling was used consisting of registered nurses who are working in termination of pregnancy units in these facilities (N=82). Data were collected through the administration of a self-designed questionnaire. The main findings of the study indicate that respondents (personal system) appear to feel positive about the work they are doing. Formal improvement and development are however not utilised optimally. Regarding the interpersonal system, respondents also show a positive orientation to both the woman opting for termination of pregnancy and the foetus. The potential towards transaction and ultimately goal attainment reside within this system. The respondents are also positive about legislation, employers and policies (social system) relating to termination of pregnancy. This orientation creates a milieu that is conducive to transactions, interactions and goal attainment.The main recommendation is that three systems as proposed by King be continuously integrated within the termination of pregnancy setup through, amongst other measures: values clarification, management support, in service education, the inclusion of termination of pregnancy in undergraduate programmes, focus groups and the like. / Die doel van hierdie studie was om die verpleegkundige se persepsie van terminasie van swangerskap en haar persepsie van haar houding en gedrag teenoor kliёnte wat terminasie van swangerskap versoek, aan die hand van King se Sisteembenadering en Doelwitbereikingsteorie te ondersoek en te beskryf. `n Nie-eksperimentele kwantitatiewe beskrywende korrelasie navorsingsontwerp was gebruik. `n Nie-waarskynlike doelbewuste-steekproefneming van die staatsgesondheidsorg-instansies wat terminasie van swangerskapdienste aanbied, is geneem en wat beskikbaar vir hierdie studie was (21) asook die Marie Stopesdienste (3), in die Wes-Kaap. `n Nie-waarskynlike gerieflikheidsteekproefneming is van verpleegkundiges geneem wat swangerskappe in hierdie afdelings termineer of moet termineer (N=82). Data is met behulp van `n selfontwerpte vraelys ingesamel. Die hoofbevindings van die studie dui daarop dat respondente (persoonlike sisteem) positief voel oor hul werk. Formele ontwikkelingshulpbronne word egter nie optimaal deur die sisteem benut nie. Wat die interpersoonlike sisteem betref, toon respondente ook ‗n positiewe oriëntasie tot beide die vrou wat terminasie van swangerskap aanvra en die fetus. Die potensiaal tot transaksie-sluiting en uiteindelike doelwitbereiking is binne hierdie sisteem geleë. Die respondente is ook positief oor wetgewing en die werkgewer en beleid (sosiale siteem) ten opsigte van terminasie van swangerskap. Hierdie oriëntering laat ‗n milieu wat bevorderlik is vir transaksie-sluiting, interaksie en doelwitbereiking. Die hoofaanbeveling is dat voortdurend gepoog moet word na die integrasie van King se drie sisteme binne die terminasie van swangerskapafdelings deur onder meer: waarde-uitklaringswerkswinkels, ondersteuning van bestuur, indiensopleiding, die insluiting van terminasie van swangerskap in voorgraadse kurrikula, fokusgroepe en so meer. / Health Studies / D. Litt. et Phil. (Gesondheidstudies)

Abstracts in Afrikaans and English / Inklusiewe onderrig ondersteun die insluiting van alle leerders met verskillende behoeftes en vaardighede in klaskamers, wat baie keer te groot, of te verskillend vir doeltreffende onderrig is. Beweging as deel van ‘n vroeë leerervaring is noodsaaklik vir optimale neurale ontwikkeling. Dit beïnvloed organisasie en stimuleer die spesifieke neurologiese sisteme nodig vir optimale funksionering en ontwikkeling van die brein. Sensoriese integrasie disfunksie word gesien as die wortel van baie leerprobleme. Die vestibulêre sisteem is direk verbind met die sensoriese en motoriese sisteme. ‘n Sensoriese integrasie disfunksie het ‘n duidelike invloed op die vestibulêre sisteem. Die vestibulêre sisteem het baie interkonneksies met baie dele in die brein, byvoorbeeld propriosepsie en die tassisteem. Doeltreffende funksionering van die sensoriese, motoriese en vestibulêre sisteme word verlang vir ‘n hoë vlak van prestasieverrigting in sport en akademie. Wanneer die vestibulêre sisteem gestimuleer word, het dit ‘n direkte positiewe invloed op die sensoriese en motoriese ontwikkeling van leerders. Die doel van hierdie studie was om te bepaal wat die persepsie van grondslagfase-onderwysers en ouers is oor die rol en voordele wat vestibulêre oefeninge te weeg kan bring in die motoriese en sensoriese ontwikkeling van leerders. Leerders in graad 1 van ‘n privaatskool, asook van grade 2 en 3 van ‘n plaasskool is gekies as deelnemers in die studie. Die keuse van leerders was op grond van die bereidwilligheid van hulle en hul ouers om aan die studie deel te neem. Leerders het ‘n vestibulêre oefenprogram drie maal per week gedoen vir die tydperk van agt weke. Observasie-vraelyste is deur onderwysers en ouers ingevul na afloop van die derde sessie elke week. Vir die vraelys het ouers en onderwysers gekyk na die verbetering in aandagspan, konsentrasie, luistervaardigheid, oogkontak, sosiale interaksie en samewerking. Onderhoude is met ouers en onderwysers gedoen na aanleiding van die observasievraelyste wat vir die agt weke voltooi is. Transkripsies van die onderhoude is gedoen en afleidings is gemaak deur analise van die observasie-vraelyste en die getranskribeerde onderhoude. Al ses die ontwikkelingsareas by beide skole het verbetering getoon oor die agt weke. Dit dui daarop dat vestibulêre oefeninge wel ‘n invloed op die sensoriese en motoriese ontwikkeling het. / Inclusive education promotes the inclusion of learners with different needs and capabilities in classes which are often too big and diverse for effective teaching. Movement as an early learning experience is necessary for optimal neural development. It influences organisation and stimulates the specific neurological systems required for optimal functioning and development of the brain. Sensory integrative dysfunction is believed to be at the root of many learning disorders. The vestibular system is directly connected with the sensory and motor systems. The vestibular system will be directly affected when a sensory integrations dysfunction presents. In fact, the vestibular system has many interconnections with almost every other part of the brain like proprioception and the tactile system. Proper functioning of the sensory, motor and vestibular systems is required for higher level performance in sport and academics. When the vestibular system is stimulated, it will result in a positive influence on the sensory and motor development of learners. The aim of this study is to determine the perceptions of foundation phase teachers and parents regarding the role or benefits of vestibular exercises in promoting learners’ motor and sensory development. Learners in Grade 1 of a private school and Grade 2 and 3 learners of a farm school in the northern Free State were selected as participants in the research. Learners were selected on the basis of the willingness of them and their parents to participate in the research. The participants did exercise sessions three times a week for thirty minutes over a period of eight weeks. Observation sheets were completed for all eight weeks, for the duration of the exercise program, by teachers and parents. These sheets were completed weekly after the third sessions in that week. The observation sheets listed concentration, attention span, listening, eye contact, cooperation, social interaction and self-esteem as developmental areas. Interviews were done after the period of eight weeks with the parents and teachers. The interviews conducted with both parties were taped and meticulously transcribed. This helped the researcher to get a better understanding of the study and to analise data and draw conclusions.All six areas of development showed improvement at both schools over the period of eight weeks. This indicates that stimulating the vestibular system promotes sensory and motor development. / Inclusive Education / M. Ed. (Inklusiewe Onderwys)