Doctor Educationis / 'n Mini-tesis voorgele ter gedeeltelike vervulling van die vereistes vir die Meestersgraad in Opvoedkunde aan die Fakulteit van Opvoedkunde van die Universiteit van die Wes-Kaapland. Hierdie studie was gemotiveer deur 'n toenemende bewuswording dat afknouery in Suid-Afrikaanse hoer- en laerskole emstige afrnetings aangeneem het - soos blyk uit die daaglikse verslaggewing in die media. Die doel van die studie is om die aard en omvang van afknouery in 'n plattelandse laerskool in die Wes-Kaap te ondersoek, asook om die bestaande maatreels te evalueer wat in die skool geYmplementeer word om die effek van die verskynsel te voorkom en in toom te hou. In die literatuurstudie het ek daarop gekonsentreer om 'n historiese agtergrond van die fenomeen deur te gee, asook om die mening van kundiges op die gebied oor wat afknouery behels, die oorsake en gevolge daarvan en moontlike maniere om die probleem te hanteer, te ondersoek. Navorsing op die gebied van afknouery het heel eerste in alle ems in Noorwee en Swede 'n aanvang geneem en is later uitgebrei na antler lande. In Suid-Afrika is die fenomeen tans relatief min nagevors. Oor die algemeen vind navorsers dit uiters moeilik om afknouery akkuraat te definieer en om 'n onderskeid te tref tussen afknouery, geweld en kriminele aanranding. Daar is egter konsensus <lat afknouery in verskillende vorme manifesteer - fisies, verbaal en psigologies - en <lat <lit essensieel die manifestasie van ongelyke magsverhoudings is. Verder stem navorsers saam <lat afknouery sulke verreikende kort- en langtermyn gevolge vir die oortreder en die slagoffer inhou, dat <lit daadwerklike aandag moet geniet.

The indirect victim's experience of suicide and the victimisation resulting from the incident was studied. The Indirect Victim's Experience Model of a Suicide Incident (see Figure 2.1) was designed as a theoretical framework to direct the research findings and for the interpretation of data. A qualitative exploratory approach was used and a group of 20 respondents was selected by means of purposive and snowball sampling methods. All the respondents were interviewed personally. The interpretation and analysis of the data showed that the assumptions based on Janoff-Bulman and Frieze's theory and certain societal myths regarding suicide still exist. These assumptions and myths could subconsciously have an influence on the nature and extent of the victimisation experienced by the next of kin. The respondents themselves accepted these assumptions and myths. Research findings further showed that these assumptions are affected upon receiving the news of the suicide, while myths are destroyed. This could have an influence on the victim's experience of suicide. Every indirect victim functions before, during and after the suicide incident within a specific family and social system. The way in which the indirect victim experiences the support and integration from within the family and social system, determines the acceptance or non-acceptance of the death by suicide of a significant other. This will also have an influence on the indirect victim's reintegration into society in the short and long term. The need of the indirect victim to be involved within a family and society was clearly identified during the study. These findings made it possible to make practical recommendations with regard to the indirect victim's experience of suicide. Society should be informed about the realities and results of suicide. In addition, these findings highlighted further areas for research. / Thesis (MA (Criminology))--University of Pretoria, 2004. / Social Work and Criminology / unrestricted

Die studie handel oor die identifisering van risikofaktore wat dui op beleggingsbedrog. Beleggers is voortdurend op soek na beleggingsgeleenthede met die belofte van ’n hoër opbrengs en neem blindelings besluite sonder om na die risikofaktore wat op beleggingsbedrog dui, te let. Sodoende word hulle maklik slagoffers van bedrieglike beleggingsgeleenthede. Die studie voorsien eerstens ’n omvattende begripsomskrywing van die term “beleggingsbedrog” (Oxford Dictionaries, 2014; Snyman, 2012:555). Die verskillende vorme van bedrieglike beleggingsgeleenthede, sowel as die modus operandi wat in elke vorm gevolg word, word bespreek. Onlangse gevalle van bedrieglike beleggingsgeleenthede in Suid-Afrika word ondersoek, insluitend Krion (Staat v Krion, 2010), Miracle 2000 (Chelemu, 2012) en Propalux (Sakepraktyk Komitee 2014). Hierdie gevalle word onderverdeel in twee temas, naamlik agtergrond van die bedrieglike beleggingsgeleentheid en die modus operandi wat in elke geval gevolg is. Die data wat tydens die empiriese studie ingesamel is, word ontleed en opgevolg deur ’n bespreking van die resultate. Daar word verduidelik hoe die studiepopulasie saamgestel is, watter metode van dataverwerking gebruik is en hoe die vrae in die vraelys uiteengesit is. Die vraelys is deur middel van die aanlyn platform, SurveyMonkey (2012), afgeneem. In die empiriese studie is semigestruktureerde onderhoude ook gevoer waarvan die transkripsie met behulp van ATLAS.TI verwerk is. Die data wat hieruit verkry is, is deur die Statistiese Konsultasiedienste (2014) van die Noordwes-Universiteit (NWU) se Potchefstroomkampus verwerk. Die studie identifiseer verskeie eienskappe van die bedrieër wat ’n bedrieglike beleggingsgeleentheid bedryf; die eienskappe van die tipiese belegger wat ’n slagoffer van so ’n beleggingsgeleentheid word; en die modus operandi wat in so ’n beleggingsgeleentheid gevolg word. Die eienskappe dui op moontlike risikofaktore waarop beleggers behoort te let voordat hulle in die beleggingsgeleenthede belê. Daar is bevind dat potensiële beleggers bedag moet wees op die geïdentifiseerde risikofaktore en modi operandi, of ’n kombinasie daarvan. Indien hierdie risikofaktore en modi operandi in ’n potensiële beleggingsgeleentheid bemerk kan word, behoort beleggers eers ondersoek in te stel voordat hulle daarin belê. / MCom (Forensic Accounting), North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2015

Die studie handel oor die identifisering van risikofaktore wat dui op beleggingsbedrog. Beleggers is voortdurend op soek na beleggingsgeleenthede met die belofte van ’n hoër opbrengs en neem blindelings besluite sonder om na die risikofaktore wat op beleggingsbedrog dui, te let. Sodoende word hulle maklik slagoffers van bedrieglike beleggingsgeleenthede. Die studie voorsien eerstens ’n omvattende begripsomskrywing van die term “beleggingsbedrog” (Oxford Dictionaries, 2014; Snyman, 2012:555). Die verskillende vorme van bedrieglike beleggingsgeleenthede, sowel as die modus operandi wat in elke vorm gevolg word, word bespreek. Onlangse gevalle van bedrieglike beleggingsgeleenthede in Suid-Afrika word ondersoek, insluitend Krion (Staat v Krion, 2010), Miracle 2000 (Chelemu, 2012) en Propalux (Sakepraktyk Komitee 2014). Hierdie gevalle word onderverdeel in twee temas, naamlik agtergrond van die bedrieglike beleggingsgeleentheid en die modus operandi wat in elke geval gevolg is. Die data wat tydens die empiriese studie ingesamel is, word ontleed en opgevolg deur ’n bespreking van die resultate. Daar word verduidelik hoe die studiepopulasie saamgestel is, watter metode van dataverwerking gebruik is en hoe die vrae in die vraelys uiteengesit is. Die vraelys is deur middel van die aanlyn platform, SurveyMonkey (2012), afgeneem. In die empiriese studie is semigestruktureerde onderhoude ook gevoer waarvan die transkripsie met behulp van ATLAS.TI verwerk is. Die data wat hieruit verkry is, is deur die Statistiese Konsultasiedienste (2014) van die Noordwes-Universiteit (NWU) se Potchefstroomkampus verwerk. Die studie identifiseer verskeie eienskappe van die bedrieër wat ’n bedrieglike beleggingsgeleentheid bedryf; die eienskappe van die tipiese belegger wat ’n slagoffer van so ’n beleggingsgeleentheid word; en die modus operandi wat in so ’n beleggingsgeleentheid gevolg word. Die eienskappe dui op moontlike risikofaktore waarop beleggers behoort te let voordat hulle in die beleggingsgeleenthede belê. Daar is bevind dat potensiële beleggers bedag moet wees op die geïdentifiseerde risikofaktore en modi operandi, of ’n kombinasie daarvan. Indien hierdie risikofaktore en modi operandi in ’n potensiële beleggingsgeleentheid bemerk kan word, behoort beleggers eers ondersoek in te stel voordat hulle daarin belê. / MCom (Forensic Accounting), North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2015

Afrikaans text / Die doel van hierdie studie is om die rol van die maatskaplike werk professie in die hantering van slagoffers van xenofobie te verken en te beskryf, ten einde aanbevelings te maak aan maatskaplike werkers. Die deelnemers was praktiserende maatskaplike werkers in die Kaapse Wynland Overberg Distrik wat gesinsorgdienste lewer. Die kwalitatiewe navorsingsbenadering, tesame met die fenomenologiese, kontekstuele, verkennende en beskrywende navorsingsontwerpe was benut. Data is binne die raamwerk van Tesch se stappe vir kwalitatiewe data-analise geanaliseer. Guba se model vir data verifikasie is benut om die geldigheid van die studie te verseker. Die navorsingsbevindinge het die navorser in staat gestel om aanbevelings aan maatskaplike werkers te maak in terme van die oorsake van xenofobie, die rol van die maatskaplike werk professie rakende dienste aan slagoffers van xenofobie, tipe maatskaplike dienste wat aan slagoffers van xenofobie gelewer moet word en hulpbronne wat benodig word vir effektiewe dienslewering. / The goal of this study is to explore and describe the role of the social work profession regarding interventions aimed at victims of xenophobia in order to make recommendations to social workers. Participants were practicing social workers in the Cape Wineland Overberg District who provided family services. The qualitative research approach, together with the phenomenological, contextual, explorative and descriptive research designs, was implemented. Data was analysed within the framework of Tesch’s steps for qualitative data analysis. Guba’s model for data verification was used to ensure the validity of the data. The research findings assisted the researcher to make recommendations to social workers in terms of the causes of xenophobia, the role of the social work profession regarding services to victims of xenophobia, the type of services that should be rendered to these victims and resources needed for effective service delivery. / Social Work / M.A. (SW)

Violence against women in cohabiting and marital relationships is, at present, a prominent phenomenon in South Africa. Domestic violence against women and children in South Africa is widespread and on the increase, also in Potchefstroom. Yet limited interventions are available. The interventions that are available include the SAPS, the court for the protection order, NGO’s and social workers. Female victims need measures that focus on building and empowering them with skills. Therefore the researcher adapted the Personal Growth Programme of FAMSA in Welkom to cater for the needs of female victims of domestic violence who are currently or were previously in an abusive relationship. The newly formulated Personal Empowerment Training Programme (PETP) is a tool that provides the female victims with the opportunity to deal with poor self–image, emotional demoralisation, loss of selfhood, self–blame and shame. Aim The aim of the research was to determine the effect of the PETP on the knowledge, attitude and behaviour of female victims of domestic violence in Potchefstroom. Method The main core of the research can be depicted as programme evaluation in which an evaluative research design was used. In the main study an experimental group was subjected to the PETP, while the control group was not. However, both experiential group and control group had to complete the pre–post questionnaire. Results The results proved that the PETP had a positive impact on the knowledge, attitude and behaviour of female victims affected by domestic violence. / Thesis (M.A. (MW))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2012.

Violence against women in cohabiting and marital relationships is, at present, a prominent phenomenon in South Africa. Domestic violence against women and children in South Africa is widespread and on the increase, also in Potchefstroom. Yet limited interventions are available. The interventions that are available include the SAPS, the court for the protection order, NGO’s and social workers. Female victims need measures that focus on building and empowering them with skills. Therefore the researcher adapted the Personal Growth Programme of FAMSA in Welkom to cater for the needs of female victims of domestic violence who are currently or were previously in an abusive relationship. The newly formulated Personal Empowerment Training Programme (PETP) is a tool that provides the female victims with the opportunity to deal with poor self–image, emotional demoralisation, loss of selfhood, self–blame and shame. Aim The aim of the research was to determine the effect of the PETP on the knowledge, attitude and behaviour of female victims of domestic violence in Potchefstroom. Method The main core of the research can be depicted as programme evaluation in which an evaluative research design was used. In the main study an experimental group was subjected to the PETP, while the control group was not. However, both experiential group and control group had to complete the pre–post questionnaire. Results The results proved that the PETP had a positive impact on the knowledge, attitude and behaviour of female victims affected by domestic violence. / Thesis (M.A. (MW))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2012.

Afrikaans text / Die doel van hierdie studie is om die rol van die maatskaplike werk professie in die hantering van slagoffers van xenofobie te verken en te beskryf, ten einde aanbevelings te maak aan maatskaplike werkers. Die deelnemers was praktiserende maatskaplike werkers in die Kaapse Wynland Overberg Distrik wat gesinsorgdienste lewer. Die kwalitatiewe navorsingsbenadering, tesame met die fenomenologiese, kontekstuele, verkennende en beskrywende navorsingsontwerpe was benut. Data is binne die raamwerk van Tesch se stappe vir kwalitatiewe data-analise geanaliseer. Guba se model vir data verifikasie is benut om die geldigheid van die studie te verseker. Die navorsingsbevindinge het die navorser in staat gestel om aanbevelings aan maatskaplike werkers te maak in terme van die oorsake van xenofobie, die rol van die maatskaplike werk professie rakende dienste aan slagoffers van xenofobie, tipe maatskaplike dienste wat aan slagoffers van xenofobie gelewer moet word en hulpbronne wat benodig word vir effektiewe dienslewering. / The goal of this study is to explore and describe the role of the social work profession regarding interventions aimed at victims of xenophobia in order to make recommendations to social workers. Participants were practicing social workers in the Cape Wineland Overberg District who provided family services. The qualitative research approach, together with the phenomenological, contextual, explorative and descriptive research designs, was implemented. Data was analysed within the framework of Tesch’s steps for qualitative data analysis. Guba’s model for data verification was used to ensure the validity of the data. The research findings assisted the researcher to make recommendations to social workers in terms of the causes of xenophobia, the role of the social work profession regarding services to victims of xenophobia, the type of services that should be rendered to these victims and resources needed for effective service delivery. / Social Work / M.A. (SW)

Text in Afrikaans / Hierdie proefskrif is 'n poging om vanuit 'n Penologiese perspektief 'n teoreties-prinsipiele uiteensetting te gee betreffende restitusie aan die slagoffer van misdaad. Die doel van hierdie studie was om deur navorsing tot insig en kennis te kom betref f ende die vraagstuk rondom slagof fervergoeding en meer spesifiek restitusie as slagoffervergoeding. Die proef skrif behels 'n beskrywing van slagoffervergoeding vanaf die vroegste tye wat as die historiese ontwikkeling van slagoffervergoeding gesien kan word tot en met die tydsvlak waarin die strafreg horn nou bevind. Restitusiestelsels van Brittanje, die Verenigde State van Amerika en vyf Europese lande is bespreek. Die Republiek van Suid Afrika beskik nie oor 'n kompensasie of restitusiestelsel om slagoffers te vergoed nie en daarom is slegs die status wat die slagof fer in die strafproses beklee, bespreek. Gedurende die bestudering van die onderskeie lande se restitusiestelsels kon selfs binne die Europese Unie, geen eenstemmige beleid gevind word ten opsigte van die omvang van restitusie aan die misdaadslagoffer nie. In al die lande wat bestudeer is was die doelstellings waarom restitusie ingestel is egter die.slfde naamlik dat die tradisionele strafmetodes waaronder gevangenisstraf en ondertoesigstelling gefaal het in hul pogings om die slagoffer van misdaad te akkommodeer. Navorser het tot die gevolgtrekking gekom dat gesien teen die swak posisie wat die slagoffer van misdaad in Suid-Afrika beklee, die instelling van 'n restitusiestelsel 'n dringende noodsaaklikheid geword het. Die stelsel moet funksioneer vanuit die ondertoesigstellingsdepartement met as ondertoesigstellingsbeamptes as inyorderaars van restitusie wat ook as bemiddelaars kan optree. Aanbevelings is ook gedoen vir die implimentering van 'n sentrale slagoffervergoedingsfonds. / This desertion is an attempt to present, from a Penological perspective, a theoretical fundamental exposition regarding restitution to the victim of crime. The purpose of this study was to, through research, gain insight and knowledge with regard to the question of victim compensation and more specific restitution as victim compensation. The dissertation comprises a description of victim compensation from the earliest of times, which can be seen as the historical development of victim compensation, until the time period that criminal law finds itself in today. Restitution systems of Britain, the United States of America and five European countries are discussed. The Republic of South Africa does not possess a Compensation or restitution system to compensate victims and therefore only the status of the victim in the criminal process is discussed. During the study of different countries's restitution systems there could, not even in the European Union, agreement be found with regard to the extent of restitution to the victim of crime. In all of the countries studied, the purposes why restitution were emplaced were the same, namely that the traditional punishment process, where under imprisonment and under supervision, failed in their attempts to accommodate the victim of crime. Research came to the conclusion that, taken against the bad position that the victim of crime in South Africa holds, the emplacement of a restitution system have become a necessity. The system should function from the under supervisory department with the supervisory officials as collectors of restitution and which could also act as mediators. Recommendations are done for the implementation of a central victim compensation fund.· / Sociology / D. Litt. et Phil. (Penologie)

Text in Afrikaans / Hierdie proefskrif is 'n poging om vanuit 'n Penologiese perspektief 'n teoreties-prinsipiele uiteensetting te gee betreffende restitusie aan die slagoffer van misdaad. Die doel van hierdie studie was om deur navorsing tot insig en kennis te kom betref f ende die vraagstuk rondom slagof fervergoeding en meer spesifiek restitusie as slagoffervergoeding. Die proef skrif behels 'n beskrywing van slagoffervergoeding vanaf die vroegste tye wat as die historiese ontwikkeling van slagoffervergoeding gesien kan word tot en met die tydsvlak waarin die strafreg horn nou bevind. Restitusiestelsels van Brittanje, die Verenigde State van Amerika en vyf Europese lande is bespreek. Die Republiek van Suid Afrika beskik nie oor 'n kompensasie of restitusiestelsel om slagoffers te vergoed nie en daarom is slegs die status wat die slagof fer in die strafproses beklee, bespreek. Gedurende die bestudering van die onderskeie lande se restitusiestelsels kon selfs binne die Europese Unie, geen eenstemmige beleid gevind word ten opsigte van die omvang van restitusie aan die misdaadslagoffer nie. In al die lande wat bestudeer is was die doelstellings waarom restitusie ingestel is egter die.slfde naamlik dat die tradisionele strafmetodes waaronder gevangenisstraf en ondertoesigstelling gefaal het in hul pogings om die slagoffer van misdaad te akkommodeer. Navorser het tot die gevolgtrekking gekom dat gesien teen die swak posisie wat die slagoffer van misdaad in Suid-Afrika beklee, die instelling van 'n restitusiestelsel 'n dringende noodsaaklikheid geword het. Die stelsel moet funksioneer vanuit die ondertoesigstellingsdepartement met as ondertoesigstellingsbeamptes as inyorderaars van restitusie wat ook as bemiddelaars kan optree. Aanbevelings is ook gedoen vir die implimentering van 'n sentrale slagoffervergoedingsfonds. / This desertion is an attempt to present, from a Penological perspective, a theoretical fundamental exposition regarding restitution to the victim of crime. The purpose of this study was to, through research, gain insight and knowledge with regard to the question of victim compensation and more specific restitution as victim compensation. The dissertation comprises a description of victim compensation from the earliest of times, which can be seen as the historical development of victim compensation, until the time period that criminal law finds itself in today. Restitution systems of Britain, the United States of America and five European countries are discussed. The Republic of South Africa does not possess a Compensation or restitution system to compensate victims and therefore only the status of the victim in the criminal process is discussed. During the study of different countries's restitution systems there could, not even in the European Union, agreement be found with regard to the extent of restitution to the victim of crime. In all of the countries studied, the purposes why restitution were emplaced were the same, namely that the traditional punishment process, where under imprisonment and under supervision, failed in their attempts to accommodate the victim of crime. Research came to the conclusion that, taken against the bad position that the victim of crime in South Africa holds, the emplacement of a restitution system have become a necessity. The system should function from the under supervisory department with the supervisory officials as collectors of restitution and which could also act as mediators. Recommendations are done for the implementation of a central victim compensation fund.· / Sociology / D. Litt. et Phil. (Penologie)