Navorsingsresultate toon dat treitering ‘n ernstige probleem is wat wêreldwyd voorkom, ook in Suid-Afrika en dat die getal slagoffers wat daardeur geraak word skrikwekkend hoog is. Die doel van hierdie studie is om die regsimplikasies van treitering van leerders deur mede-leerders in Suid-Afrikaanse openbare skole vir die onderwysbestuur en onderwysreg te ondersoek en te beskryf. Met die term “onderwysbestuur” word verwys na onderwys op nasionale vlak, provinsiale vlak en skolevlak. Die regsimplikasies vir die onderwysreg is hoofsaaklik daarin geleë dat daar nuwe kennis tot die onderwysreg toegevoeg word. Dit is aksiomaties dat regsimplikasies onlosmaaklik verbonde is aan regsreëls. Daar kan slegs sprake wees van regsimplikasies van ‘n aangeleentheid as daar regsreëls is wat die aangeleentheid beheer en rig – in die geval van hierdie studie, die regsreëls wat die bestuur en hantering van treitering in Suid-Afrikaanse openbare skole rig en beheer. Die regsreëls wat die bestuur en hantering van treitering in Suid-Afrikaanse openbare skole rig en beheer, is deel van die Handves, internasionale kinderregte-ooreenkomste, wetgewing, die gemene-reg, deliktereg, die strafreg en regspraak. Om die navorser in staat te stel om die regsreëls in ge-noemde regsbronne te identifiseer, is ‘n deeglike kennis van die fenomeen “treitering” noodsaaklik. Om die regsimplikasies van hierdie regsreëls te bepaal, beteken dat hierdie regsreëls binne die konteks van “treitering” as fenomeen geïnterpreteer moet word. Daar moet dus beskryf word hoe hierdie regsreëls toepassing vind met betrekking tot treitering. Die interpretasie van hierdie regsreëls binne die konteks van treitering geskied deur middel van semi-gestruktureerde onderhoude met geïdentifiseerde respondente wat geïdentifiseer is op grond van hul kennis van spesifieke regsdissiplines en die praktyk soos byvoorbeeld menseregte en kinderregte, die gemenereg, die deliktereg, die strafreg, die onderwysreg asook die regspraktyk en onderwysregspraktyk. Die beskrywing van die regsimplikasies vir die onderwysbestuur en onderwysreg is hoofsaaklik gegrond op die response (bevindinge) van die respondente, maar die regsimplikasies word uitgebrei deur die response van die respondente te verbind aan veelvuldige bronne van informasie. Hierdie aanvullende informasie wat aangewend word vir ryker beskrywing (“thick description”) lei ook die navorser tot die identifisering of beskrywing van verdere implikasies wat nie noodwendig in die respondente se response na vore gekom het nie. Die regsimplikasies van die treitering van leerders deur mede-leerders is omvattend en het implikasies vir die onderwysbestuur op nasionale vlak, provinsiale vlak, distriksvlak en skolevlak en wel ten opsigte van die volgende afdelings van die Suid-Afrikaanse reg: fundamentele regte, wet-gewing, die deliktereg en strafreg. ENGLISH: Research results indicate that bullying is a serious problem worldwide, South Africa included, and that the number of victims affected is alarmingly high. The purpose of this study is to investigate and describe the legal implications that bullying of learners by fellow learners in South African public schools has for education management and education law. “Education management” refers to education at national, provincial and school levels. The legal implications for education law lie mainly in the fact that new information is being added to the body of education law. It is axiomatic that legal implications are inextricably bound to legal rules. One can only speak of legal implications if there are legal rules that control and direct them – in the case of this study it is the legal rules that control and direct the management and operation of bullying in South African public schools. The legal rules that control and direct the management and operation of bullying in South African public schools are part of the Bill of Rights, international children’s rights conventions, legislation, common law, law of delict, case law and criminal law. A thorough knowledge of the phenomenon “bullying” was necessary to enable the researcher to identify the legal rules contained in the legal sources mentioned. In order to determine the legal implications of these legal rules, it was necessary to interpret these legal rules within the context of the phenomenon “bullying”. It was therefore necessary to describe how these legal rules are applied with regard to bullying. The interpretation of these legal rules within the context of bullying was done by means of semi-structured interviews with identified respondents who were identified on grounds of their knowledge of specific law disciplines and practice such as human rights and children’s rights, common law, the law of delict, criminal law, education law and legal practices and education law practices. The description of the legal implications for education management and education law is based mainly on the responses (findings) of the respondents, but the legal implications are extended by linking the responses of the respondents with many other sources of information. This supplementary information, which is used to enrich the description (thick description), also led the researcher to identifying or describing additional implications that were not necessarily evident from the responses of the respondents. The legal implications of the bullying of learners by fellow learners, are comprehensive and have implications for education management at national level, provincial level, district level and school level, especially in terms of the following sections of South African law: fundamental rights, legis-lation, the law of delict and criminal law. / Thesis (PhD)--University of Pretoria, 2008. / Education Management and Policy Studies / unrestricted

The research deals with the empowerment of adolescent victims of family violence. The purpose of the study was to give an account of the therapeutic intervention process of two case studies, by means of a descriptive, qualitative type of research. This research was executed via semi-structured interviews by the researcher. The population in the study was limited to adolescent victims between the age of twelve to eighteen years, who are victims of family violence. The sample in this study was two respondents. The children are students at a high school in Roodepoort. After completion of the empiric study it was concluded that the adolescent who is exposed to family violence, is empowered if a therapeutic process - like the one suggested by Oaklander (1994:289) which applies gestalt play therapeutic techniques - is followed. As clearly shown in the literature, the researcher came to the conclusion that family violence has a destructive effect on the adolescent and that he can be empowered by gestalt play therapy. OPSOMMING Die navorsing handel oor die bemagtiging van adolessente slagoffers van gesinsgeweld. Die doel van die studie was om deur middel van 'n beskrywende, kwalitatiewe tipe navorsing die terapeutiese intervensieproses van twee gevallestudies te beskryf. Hierdie navorsing het met behulp van semi-gestruktureerde onderhoudvoering geskied. Die populasie in die studie was begrens tot adolessente slagoffers tussen die ouderdom twaalf tot agtien jaar wat slagoffers van gesinsgeweld is. Die steekproef in hierdie studie was twee respondente. Die kinders is verbonde aan 'n hoërskool te Roodepoort. Daar is na afloop van die empiriese studie tot die gevolgtrekking gekom dat indien 'n terapeutiese proses - soos wat deur Oaklander (1994:289) voorgestel word met die benutting van gestaltspelterapeutiese tegnieke - deurloop word, die adolessent wat aan gesinsgeweld blootgestel word, bemagtig word. Soos ook uit die literatuur duidelik blyk, het die navorser die afleiding gemaak dat gesinsgeweld vernietigend op die adolessent inwerk en dat hy deur gestaltspelterapie bemagtig kan word. / Social work / MDIAC (PLAY THERAPY)

Summaries in English and Afrikaans / This research explores the potential value for the application of the visual expressionistic arts, as well as the application of forensic art for the emancipation of victims of violent crime. Qualitative research methods are used in order to make certain assumptions and recommendations for the application of the forensic arts in the emancipation of traumatized victims. The research is based on the view that human behaviour is influenced by different internal and external contextual influences. The theoretical basis for the research is further supported by the grounding principals of the psycho-analytic, symbolic interactionistic and the phenomenological theoretical approaches. The potential for the application of the forensic arts during crisis intervention and trauma counselling as a therapeutic technique and a communication medium are investigated. The potential forensic value of the victims’ art for the criminal justice system is also explored during the research. / Die navorsing ondersoek die potensiele waarde vir die aanwending van die tradisionele visuele beeldende kunste asook die aanwending van die forensiese kunste vir die emansipasie van slagoffers van geweldsmisdaad. Kwalitatiewe navorsingsmetodes word tydens die navorsing gebruik ten einde sekere afleidings en aanbevelings te maak aangaande die aanwending van die forensiese kuns vir die emansipasie van getraumatiseerde misdaadslagoffers. Die navorsing word teoreties gebaseer op die beskouing van die mens wie se gedrag beinvloed word deur verskillende interne en eksterne kontekstuele invloede. Die teoretiese basis vir die navorsing word verder ondersteun deur die grondbeginsels van die psigo-analise, simboliese interaksionisme en die fenomenologiese teoretiese benaderings. Die potensiaal vir die aanwending van forensiese kuns as 'n terapeutiese tegniek en kommunikasiemedium tydens krisisingryping en berading word ondersoek. Die potensiele forensiese waarde van misdaadslagoffers se kuns in die regsplegingstelsel word ook in die navorsing ondersoek. / Criminology / M.A. (Criminology)

Text in Afrikaans / Satanisme het ‘n destruktiewe effek op die ontwikkeling en welsyn van die adolessent en beïnvloed alle vlakke van sy of haar ontwikkeling. Sataniste gebruik verskeie wyses om adolessente te lok, onder andere ‘n fokus op individue se behoeftes aan lewensmiddele soos geld en aanvaarding, Tydens hierdie studie is die gebrek aan riglyne vir spelterapeute in die hantering van adolessente wat in Satanisme betrokke is, as navorsingsprobleem geïdentifiseer. In die lig van die navorsingsprobleem is die doel van die studie geformuleer, naamlik om riglyne te formuleer waarvolgens spelterapeute die probleem van adolessente wat by Satanisme betrokke is te hanteer. Ten einde die doel te bereik, het die navorser inliging ingesamel aan die hand van kwalitatiewe prosesse, gebaseer op die basis van bewys gebondenheid Satanism has a destructive effect on the development and wellbeing of the adolescent and is known to influence all levels of his or her development. Satanists use a variety of forms of entrapment and their focus on the individual’s need of worldly goods, wealth and acceptance makes the adolescent easy prey. During this study the lack of guidelines, for play therapists who became involved in the handling of adolescents entrapped in Satanism, was identified as the research problem. Bearing in mind the research problem, the aim of this study had thus been formulated, namely to formulate guidelines according to which play therapists will be enabled to address the problem of adolescents entrapped in Satanism. To fulfill this aim, the researcher had gathered information by means of qualitative processes, based on evidence. / Social Work / M. Diac. (Play Therapy)

Summaries in English and Afrikaans / This research explores the potential value for the application of the visual expressionistic arts, as well as the application of forensic art for the emancipation of victims of violent crime. Qualitative research methods are used in order to make certain assumptions and recommendations for the application of the forensic arts in the emancipation of traumatized victims. The research is based on the view that human behaviour is influenced by different internal and external contextual influences. The theoretical basis for the research is further supported by the grounding principals of the psycho-analytic, symbolic interactionistic and the phenomenological theoretical approaches. The potential for the application of the forensic arts during crisis intervention and trauma counselling as a therapeutic technique and a communication medium are investigated. The potential forensic value of the victims’ art for the criminal justice system is also explored during the research. / Die navorsing ondersoek die potensiele waarde vir die aanwending van die tradisionele visuele beeldende kunste asook die aanwending van die forensiese kunste vir die emansipasie van slagoffers van geweldsmisdaad. Kwalitatiewe navorsingsmetodes word tydens die navorsing gebruik ten einde sekere afleidings en aanbevelings te maak aangaande die aanwending van die forensiese kuns vir die emansipasie van getraumatiseerde misdaadslagoffers. Die navorsing word teoreties gebaseer op die beskouing van die mens wie se gedrag beinvloed word deur verskillende interne en eksterne kontekstuele invloede. Die teoretiese basis vir die navorsing word verder ondersteun deur die grondbeginsels van die psigo-analise, simboliese interaksionisme en die fenomenologiese teoretiese benaderings. Die potensiaal vir die aanwending van forensiese kuns as 'n terapeutiese tegniek en kommunikasiemedium tydens krisisingryping en berading word ondersoek. Die potensiele forensiese waarde van misdaadslagoffers se kuns in die regsplegingstelsel word ook in die navorsing ondersoek. / Criminology and Security Science / M.A. (Criminology)

Text in Afrikaans / Satanisme het ‘n destruktiewe effek op die ontwikkeling en welsyn van die adolessent en beïnvloed alle vlakke van sy of haar ontwikkeling. Sataniste gebruik verskeie wyses om adolessente te lok, onder andere ‘n fokus op individue se behoeftes aan lewensmiddele soos geld en aanvaarding, Tydens hierdie studie is die gebrek aan riglyne vir spelterapeute in die hantering van adolessente wat in Satanisme betrokke is, as navorsingsprobleem geïdentifiseer. In die lig van die navorsingsprobleem is die doel van die studie geformuleer, naamlik om riglyne te formuleer waarvolgens spelterapeute die probleem van adolessente wat by Satanisme betrokke is te hanteer. Ten einde die doel te bereik, het die navorser inliging ingesamel aan die hand van kwalitatiewe prosesse, gebaseer op die basis van bewys gebondenheid Satanism has a destructive effect on the development and wellbeing of the adolescent and is known to influence all levels of his or her development. Satanists use a variety of forms of entrapment and their focus on the individual’s need of worldly goods, wealth and acceptance makes the adolescent easy prey. During this study the lack of guidelines, for play therapists who became involved in the handling of adolescents entrapped in Satanism, was identified as the research problem. Bearing in mind the research problem, the aim of this study had thus been formulated, namely to formulate guidelines according to which play therapists will be enabled to address the problem of adolescents entrapped in Satanism. To fulfill this aim, the researcher had gathered information by means of qualitative processes, based on evidence. / Social Work / M. Diac. (Play Therapy)

The research deals with the empowerment of adolescent victims of family violence. The purpose of the study was to give an account of the therapeutic intervention process of two case studies, by means of a descriptive, qualitative type of research. This research was executed via semi-structured interviews by the researcher. The population in the study was limited to adolescent victims between the age of twelve to eighteen years, who are victims of family violence. The sample in this study was two respondents. The children are students at a high school in Roodepoort. After completion of the empiric study it was concluded that the adolescent who is exposed to family violence, is empowered if a therapeutic process - like the one suggested by Oaklander (1994:289) which applies gestalt play therapeutic techniques - is followed. As clearly shown in the literature, the researcher came to the conclusion that family violence has a destructive effect on the adolescent and that he can be empowered by gestalt play therapy. OPSOMMING Die navorsing handel oor die bemagtiging van adolessente slagoffers van gesinsgeweld. Die doel van die studie was om deur middel van 'n beskrywende, kwalitatiewe tipe navorsing die terapeutiese intervensieproses van twee gevallestudies te beskryf. Hierdie navorsing het met behulp van semi-gestruktureerde onderhoudvoering geskied. Die populasie in die studie was begrens tot adolessente slagoffers tussen die ouderdom twaalf tot agtien jaar wat slagoffers van gesinsgeweld is. Die steekproef in hierdie studie was twee respondente. Die kinders is verbonde aan 'n hoërskool te Roodepoort. Daar is na afloop van die empiriese studie tot die gevolgtrekking gekom dat indien 'n terapeutiese proses - soos wat deur Oaklander (1994:289) voorgestel word met die benutting van gestaltspelterapeutiese tegnieke - deurloop word, die adolessent wat aan gesinsgeweld blootgestel word, bemagtig word. Soos ook uit die literatuur duidelik blyk, het die navorser die afleiding gemaak dat gesinsgeweld vernietigend op die adolessent inwerk en dat hy deur gestaltspelterapie bemagtig kan word. / Social work / MDIAC (PLAY THERAPY)