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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Koulun sivistystehtävä ja oppilaan koulutodellisuus

Kuurme, T. (Tiiu) 11 June 2004 (has links)
Abstract My thesis aimed to study the ways in which the educational mission of the school could be determined, and to describe on the basis of empirical data how the school reality experienced by pupils is related to it. The basic approach is based on the theory of education (Bildung), with the theoretical part of the thesis aiming at studying the factors constituting the educational mission of the school, and the empirical part discussing Estonian pupils' descriptions of school reality. A central position for the school's educational mission was occupied by the experientialism of the human being. The concept of experience is based on Lauri Rauhala's theory of existential phenomenology, in which man is conceived of as a holistic being producing meanings and intertwined in his situation. Based on the Heideggerian way of thinking, man is seen as a being whose fundamental mode is anxiety. Man is constituted by what he is anxious about. Bildung and education have also been interpreted to be fundamental modes of anxiety in the study. A child's existence in his growing environment can also be understood in terms of anxiety for his own self. The processes of education (Bildung) can be understood as continuous acts of giving and understanding meanings, through which intentions are provided a tentative basis. Education can be interpreted as anxiety for the meanings of another, a growing person. The characteristics of Bildung were examined in terms of actualised humanity in its aspirations towards the good on the one hand, and as a functional relationship that enables it on the other hand. In the context of our times experience, Bildung and education have changed towards impoverishment, standardisation and decay compared to their ideals. Today, the much emphasised idea of Bildung and education as a dialogical relationship and common sense is a sign of a need for new attitudes and viewpoints. Factors of macro-reality have caused fundamental changes in young people's life-world where they are under various pressures. As a result of the changes, problems of meaningfulness have culminated in young people. The school's mission as an educational institution would therefore be, above all, to provide a space of experience for them where losses are made up for and new meanings are generated. The work of the modern school institution is not based on its humanistic educational mission, as its operational principles are governed by the society's power system. The modern school has been compared to a factory-like production plant. The results on school experiences show that pupils develop their own strategies to cope at school, that their metaphors of the school are mainly negative and that more humanity is needed in the school. An effort is made through phenomenologically oriented text hermeneutic analysis to shed light on possible factors of educational reality underlying the meanings provided by Estonian pupils. The pupils' stories allow conclusions of what they are anxious about at school. Meanings describing school experiences were divided as follows: school as an experience, the meaning of school and the influence of the pupil's self in school. Pupils' anxiety is not concentrated on educational development, but mainly on observance of requirements and successful performance. Education (Bildung) is seen as a responsibility in the face of external forces. The meaning of the school seems to be to serve the future at the expense of the present. Young people think that the main contribution of the school to their lives is what they experience at school and not the content studies in the various subjects. They feel that they have minimum influence on the school's institutional structures. The study shows that the forces maintaining the modern school in Estonian school reality do not promote its educational mission, indicating a relationship to the school that is estranged from this mission. The school should ensure conditions that make an educational relationship possible. Therefore, situations need to be arranged consciously to make the school a space of experience in the educational sense, an environment that meaningfully integrates the pupil's reality of life. / Tiivistelmä Tutkimuksen tavoitteena oli yhtäältä tutkia, mistä käsin koulun sivistystehtävä voisi määräytyä, toisaalta kuvata empiirisen aineiston perusteella, minkälainen suhde siihen on oppilaiden koetulla koulutodellisuudella. Peruslähestymistavaltaan on kyseessä sivistysteoreettinen tutkimus, jonka teoreettisen osan tarkoituksena pohtia koulun sivistystehtävää konstituoivia tekijöitä. Tutkimuksen empiirisessä osassa käsitellään Eestin koululaisten kuvailuja koulutodellisuudesta. Keskeiseksi koulun sivistystehtävää ajatellen nousi ihmisen kokemuksellisuus. Kokemuksen käsite pohjautuu Lauri Rauhalan eksistentiaalisen fenomenologian teoriaan, jossa ihminen käsitetään holistiseksi situaatioonsa kietoutuneeksi merkityksiä tuottavaksi olennoksi. Heideggerilaisesta ajattelutavasta käsin ihminen käsitetään olemiseksi, jonka perusmodus on huoli. Ihminen konstituoituu siitä mistä hän huolehtii. Huolen perusmoduksiksi on tutkimuksessa tulkittu myös sivistys ja kasvatus. Myös lapsen olemisen kasvuympäristössään voi käsittää huoleksi omasta itsestä. Sivistysprosessit voi käsittää jatkuviksi merkityksenannon ja merkityksien ymmärtämisen akteiksi, joissa luodaan intentioille suuntaa antavaa perustaa. Kasvatuksen voi tulkita huoleksi toisen, varttuvan merkityksistä. Sivistyksen piirteitä tarkasteltiin yhtäältä inhimillisyyden toteutumisena sen pyrkimyksissä kohti hyvää ja toisaalta toimivana suhteena, joka mahdollistaa sen. Sidoksissa aikaamme ovat kokemus, sivistys ja kasvatus muuttuneet kohti köyhtymistä, standardisoitumista ja rappeutumista ihanteisiin verrattuna. Nykyään korostunut näkemys sivistyksestä ja kasvatuksesta dialogisena suhteena ja käytännöllisenä järkenä on merkki uusien asenteiden ja näkökulmien tarpeesta. Makrotodellisuuden tekijät ovat aiheuttaneet perustavia muutoksia nuorten elämismaailmassa, jossa ollaan monien paineiden alaisia. Muutosten vaikutuksesta nuorissa on havaittavissa kärjistynyttä mielekkyyden problematiikkaa. Koulun tehtävä kasvatuslaitoksena olisi siksi toimia ennen kaikkea nuorten kokemisen tilana, jossa korvataan menetykset ja luodaan uusia merkityksiä. Moderni koululaitos ei toimi sen humanistisesta sivistystehtävästä käsin, vaan sen toimintaperiaatteet ovat yhteiskunnallisen valtakoneiston intressien mukaiset. Modernia koulua on verrattu tehdasmaiseen tuotantolaitokseen. Tutkimukset koulukokemuksista esittävät, että koululaiset kehittävät henkilökohtaiset koulussa selviytymisen strategiansa, metaforat koulusta ovat pääasiassa negatiivisia ja kouluun kaivataan enemmän inhimillisyyttä. Fenomenologisesti suuntautuneen tekstihermeneuttisen analysoinnin kautta pyritään valaisemaan Eestin koululaisten antamien merkityksien takana olevia kasvatustodellisuuden mahdollisia tekijöitä. Koululaisten kertomuksista voi tehdä johtopäätöksiä siitä, mistä nuorilla on huoli koulussa. Koulukokemuksia kuvaavat merkitykset eroteltiin seuraavasti: elämyksellisesti koettu koulu, koulun tarkoitus ja oppilaan minuuden vaikutusvalta koulussa. Koululaisen huoli ei keskity sivistykselliseen kehitykseen, vaan pääasiassa vaaditun noudattamiseen ja suoritusten onnistumiseen. Sivistys koetaan velvollisuudeksi ulkopuolisten voimien edessä. Koulun tarkoitus näyttää olevan tulevan palveleminen olevan kustannuksella. Nuorten mielestä se, mitä koulu antaa elämälle, on lähinnä koulussa koettu, ei eri aineiden sisällöllisissä opinnoissa saatu pääoma. Oma vaikutusvalta koulun institutionaalisiin rakennelmiin koetaan mitättömäksi. Tutkimuksen pohjalta voi tehdä johtopäätöksen, että modernia koulua ylläpitävät voimat Eestin koulutodellisuudessa eivät tue koulun sivistystehtävää. Tutkimus toi esiin sivistystehtävästä vieraantuneen suhteen kouluun. Koulussa pitäisi huolehtia ehdoista, jotka tekisivät mahdolliseksi sivistyksellisen suhteen. Siksi tarvitaan tietoista situaatioiden järjestämistä niin, että koulusta tulisi kokemisen tila sen sivistävässä merkityksessä - oppilaan elämäntodellisuutta mielekkäällä tavalla integroiva ympäristö.
2

A intencionalidade e a situacionalidade nas obras teatrais: O Rei da Vela, de Oswald de Andrade e A Moratória, de Jorge Andrade

Torrecillas, Maria Vera Cardoso 14 February 2008 (has links)
Made available in DSpace on 2016-03-15T19:46:38Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Maria Vera Cardoso Torrecillas.pdf: 1133217 bytes, checksum: 152334405d67d261e488edbb4f8d65f8 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-02-14 / Fundo Mackenzie de Pesquisa / This dissertation aims at analyzing based on Textual Linguistics and Speech Analysis two theater plays: Oswald de Andrade s O Rei da Vela, and Jorge Andrade s A Moratória. Both plays focus on the economic crisis Brazil was going through in 1929; such crisis was provoked by the enormous fall in coffee prices; coffe was then the main product of national economy; both plays also portray the consequences of such crisis upon society, as well as the social changes families belonging to coffee elite had to undergo. A Moratória tells the story of a rural aristocratic family next to ankruptcy. Besides individual conflicts before a degrading social environment, the play portrays the hints of a slow and definitive changing process in the structure of São Paulo s families. The social and economic reality provoked by the 1929 crisis is presented through despair and hopes of Joaquim s family. Individual and family conflicts filter social analysis. O Rei da Vela focuses on the same Brazilian historical period. The author criticizes the industrialization process, and pokes fun of several aspects of Brazilian. The play presents a decadent rural aristocracy that tries, through marriage, regain the privileges it used to have; it also shows bourgeoisie in social ascension through jobbery, and conquering a place in society through economically motivated marriages. Demoralization and the reprehension of costumes are the play s guidelines. Though both works deal with the same subject, each author has his own way of representing the same historical moment, as well as different standpoints. Oswald de Andrade shows the crisis from the viewpoint of the social class making profit out of it: the industrial bourgeoisie. Jorge Andrade deals with the crisis from the aristocracy s viewpoint. The analysis of these theatre plays are based on texts by Robert-Alain Beaugrande and Wolfgang Ulrich Dressler, Eni Orlandi, Elisa Guimarães, Ingedore G. Villaça Koch, who deal with the marks of textuality and the relationship of language with exteriority. / A presente dissertação tem por objetivo analisar, à luz da Lingüística Textual e da Análise do Discurso, duas obras teatrais O Rei da Vela, de Oswald de Andrade, e A Moratória, de Jorge Andrade. As obras focalizam a crise econômica por que passa o país em 1929, provocada pela queda vertiginosa do preço do café, então principal produto da economia nacional; mostra as conseqüências dessa crise sobre a sociedade e as mudanças sociais a que as famílias da elite do café foram submetidas. A Moratória revela a história de uma família aristocrata rural à beira da falência. Além do conflito de indivíduos, ante um meio social em desagregação, a obra retrata os indícios de um processo lento e definitivo de mudanças na estrutura da sociedade paulista. A realidade socioeconômica resultante da crise de 1929 é mostrada por meio do desespero e das esperanças da família de Joaquim. São os conflitos individuais e familiares que filtram a análise social. O Rei da Vela focaliza o mesmo período da história brasileira. O autor faz uma crítica ao processo de industrialização e satiriza a sociedade brasileira em vários aspectos. A peça mostra a aristocracia rural decadente, que tenta, por meio do casamento, readquirir as vantagens de que dispunha; e mostra a burguesia ascendendo socialmente com uso da agiotagem e conquistando um lugar na sociedade por meio de um casamento por interesse. A desmoralização e a repreensão aos costumes são a nota propulsora da peça. Embora tratem do mesmo assunto, cada autor tem pontos de vista diferentes e uma maneira própria de representar o mesmo momento histórico. Oswald de Andrade mostra a crise a partir da classe que lucra com ela: a burguesia industrial. Jorge Andrade focaliza a crise do ponto de vista da aristocracia. A análise das obras teatrais está alicerçada nos textos de Robert Alain Beaugrande e Wolfgang Ulrich Dressler, Eni Orlandi, Elisa Guimarães, Ingedore G. Villaça Koch que tratam das marcas de textualidade e da relação da linguagem com a exterioridade.
3

Gendered Media Engagings as User Agency Mediations with Sociocultural and Media Structures: A Sense-Making Methodology Study of the Situationality of Gender Divergences and Convergences.

Reinhard, CarrieLynn D. January 2008 (has links)
No description available.
4

Modeling situated health information seeking and use in context: the use of two approaches to grounded theorizing as applied to 81 sense-making methodology derived narrative interviews of health situation facing

Song, Mei 19 September 2007 (has links)
No description available.

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