CoordenaÃÃo de AperfeiÃoamento de Pessoal de NÃvel Superior / O foco deste trabalho consiste no estudo do alinhamento entre a estratÃgia corporativa e o nÃvel de serviÃo desejado pelos clientes. Tem como objetivo geral propor um mÃtodo que avalia o alinhamento da estratÃgia corporativa ao nÃvel de serviÃo desejado pelos clientes e apresenta possÃveis soluÃÃes para a sua melhoria. O mÃtodo de raciocÃnio utilizado neste trabalho foi o hipotÃtico-dedutivo. Quanto à metodologia para o alcance dos objetivos propostos, fez-se uso de uma pesquisa classificada como aplicada, qualitativa, exploratÃria, bibliogrÃfica, documental e estudo de caso. Os conhecimentos pesquisados acerca de estratÃgia, alinhamento estratÃgico, BSC, Seis Sigma e nÃvel de serviÃo logÃstico serviram para fundamentar o mÃtodo proposto, que prioriza o alinhamento com base nos indicadores do BSC e realiza as melhorias com a aplicaÃÃo do Seis Sigma. A aplicaÃÃo do mÃtodo foi realizada em uma lavanderia hospitalar que serviu como o caso em estudo. A principal conclusÃo do trabalho realizado foi a constataÃÃo da utilidade do mÃtodo proposto na avaliaÃÃo e melhoria do alinhamento da estratÃgia corporativa com o nÃvel de serviÃo desejado pelos clientes. / The focus of this dissertation is to study the alignment between corporate strategy and the service level desired by customers. Its main purpose is to develop a method that analyses the alignment between corporate strategy and the service level desired by customers and presents possible solutions to its improvement. The method of reasoning used in this dissertation was the hypothetical-deductive. Regarding the methodology for achieving the proposed objectives, it was used an applied research classified as qualitative, exploratory, bibliographical, documentary and case study. Strategy, strategic alignment, BSC, Six Sigma and logistics service level were the knowledge researched to substantiate the proposed method, which prioritizes the alignment based on BSC indicators and promotes improvements by the use of Six Sigma. The application of the method was performed in a hospital laundry that served as case study. The main conclusion of the study was the assessment of the usefulness of the proposed method in evaluating and improving the alignment of corporate strategy with service level desired by customers.

A cana-de-açúcar e uma das principais atividades econômicas do Brasil, tanto em termos de balança comercial, como de geração de empregos. O álcool (etanol) obtido da cana-de-açúcar e um combustível menos poluente, pois, contem oxigênio na sua composição e utilizado nos veículos movidos a etanol, na composição da gasolina automotiva e nos veículos ex. A queima do etanol produz 25% menos monóxido de carbono e 35% menos oxido de nitrogênio que a gasolina. Desta forma, as nações preocupadas em diminuir seus nesses de poluição atmosférica têm considerado como uma importante solução viável, a adoção do etanol como combustível automotivo . O objetivo deste trabalho foi apresentar propostas para a melhoria da qualidade e produtividade do setor, focado no desempenho dos processos e produtos, atraves de métodos estatísticos. Foi utilizada a metodologia \"Lean Seis Sigma\" aplicada no processo produtivo do etanol, em uma usina de açúcar e de álcool, visando acelerar a velocidade do processo, através da redução do desperdício e da variabilidade. A aplicação da metodologia \"Lean Seis Sigma\" foi realizada com o uso do modelo DMAIC (Dene, Measure, Analyze, Improve, Control). A ferramenta utilizada para descrever a relação entre as variáveis de saída (Y) e as variáveis de entrada (X) foi a regressão linear múltipla, fazendo uso dos métodos de seleção de variáveis. O mapeamento do processo produtivo do etanol possibilitou a identificação das etapas que agregam e não agregam valor ao processo. Os resultados mostraram uma redução significativa no \\Lead Time\" (tempo do processo) e a identificação das principais variáveis envolvidas no processo produtivo do etanol / The sugarcane is one of the most important economic businesses in Brazil, in both terms of trade balance and job opportunity. Alcohol (ethanol), obtained from sugarcane, is a fuel cleaner, because it contains oxygen in its composition and is used in vehicles powered by ethanol, on the composition of automotive gasoline and ex-fuel vehicles. Ethanol burning produces 25% less carbon monoxide and 35% less nitrogen oxide than gasoline. Thus, the nations that concern on reducing their levels of air pollution consider it as an important and available solution to be adopted as an automotive fuel. So, this trial aimed at making some proposals for improving quality and productivity of this sector, focused on the performance of processes and products, according to some statistical methods. The studied methodology was Lean Six Sigma, applied in the production process of ethanol, in a sugar and alcohol Plant in order to speed up its process by reducing waste and variability. The Lean Six Sigma methodology was carried out using the DMAIC model (Dene, Measure, Analyze, Improve and Control). The multiple linear regression tool described the relationship among the output variables (Y) and the input variables (X), associated to the methods of variable selection. The mapping of ethanol production process enabled the identication of steps that add, and does not add value to the process. The results showed a signicant reduction in the Lead Time as well as to identify the main variables involved in the production process of ethanol.

O objetivo desta pesquisa consiste em conhecer as expectativas das crianças, dos pais, dos professores e da gestão em relação ao processo de implantação do Ensino Fundamental de 9 anos e verificar como as escolas estão se organizando para receber as crianças de seis anos. Essa pesquisa foi motivada, portanto, pela necessidade de buscar respostas a um problema que presenciamos enquanto professora de Educação Infantil e Ensino Fundamental I da rede pública e particular da cidade de São Paulo: a falta de articulação entre o último ano do infantil e o primeiro ano do Ensino Fundamental, após à aprovação da lei que altera o Ensino Fundamental de oito para nove anos (lei nº 11.114/05 e lei nº 11.274/06). Para cumprir os objetivos do estudo, realizamos primeiramente a coleta dos dados numa Escola Municipal de Educação Infantil (EMEI), localizada no bairro da Bela Vista, na cidade de São Paulo, durante o período de junho 2008 a dezembro de 2008 e, num segundo momento acompanhamos algumas das crianças que frequentaram o 3º estágio da Educação Infantil para uma escola Estadual de Ensino Fundamental I, localizada no bairro da Bela Vista, na cidade de São Paulo, durante o período de fevereiro de 2009 a julho de 2009. Trata-se de uma pesquisa de natureza qualitativa, em que utilizamos, como instrumentos de coleta de dados: as observações dos momentos da rotina no 3º estágio da Educação Infantil e no 1º ano do Ensino Fundamental; entrevistas semi estruturadas com duas professoras do 3º estágio da Educação Infantil com duas professoras do 1º ano do Ensino Fundamental, com as coordenadoras e diretores dos dois níveis de ensino, com as crianças das turmas pesquisadas e com algumas famílias que se interessaram em participar do estudo. Os principais teóricos que embasaram esse estudo foram: Lev Semeanovitch Vygotski, Henri Wallon, bem como alguns teóricos da atualidade que tratam sobre o tema da alfabetização como Magda Soares, Angela B. Kleiman, Emília Ferreiro e Ana Teberosky. Para analisar os dados, elegemos três categorias que foram, por sua vez, divididas em subcategorias para dar conta de todas as particularidades da pesquisa: aspectos centrais que envolvem a proposta de ampliação do Ensino Fundamental para nove anos; aspectos centrais que envolvem o funcionamento das instituições de Educação Infantil e do Ensino Fundamental I e aspectos evidenciados no estudo relativos às expectativas dos sujeitos que participaram da pesquisa. Após analisar os dados coletados e articulá-los às ideias dos teóricos concluímos que os profissionais que trabalham na Educação Infantil e no Ensino Fundamental acreditam que a nova configuração para o ingresso das crianças com seis anos no 1º ano ainda está sendo realizada de forma equivocada: cada nível de ensino continua trabalhando da mesma maneira, ou seja, parece que tal medida não modificou a forma como as crianças são preparadas para o novo ciclo nem são recebidas no primeiro ano como crianças de seis anos que saíram da Educação Infantil. Escutamos muitas críticas, sem nenhuma proposta concreta para a passagem das crianças mais novas para a escola fundamental. As escolas não estão preparadas para receber as crianças mais novas em termos de espaço físico, de materiais e de currículo. As propostas pedagógicas continuam sendo as mesmas do Ensino Fundamental de oito anos, ou seja, a criança ingressa no 1º ano com seis anos, mas é tratada como se tivesse sete anos de idade. / The objective of this research is to understand the expectations of children, parents, teachers and management in relation to the implementation of a basic education system with a nine year length and to check how the schools are organizing themselves to receive children aged six. This research was motivated, therefore, by the need to seek answers to a problem that we have witnessed as an Early Childhood Education and Elementary Education teacher in public and private schools in the city of São Paulo: the lack of articulation between the last year of Early Childhood Education and the first year of Elementary School, after the passage of the law amending the Elementary School length from eight to nine years (Law No. 11.114/05 and Law No. 11.274/06). In order to accomplish the goals of the study, we first collected data at an Early Childhood Education School (EMEI) located at Bela Vista district in São Paulo, comprising the period from June to December 2008, and on second phase, we followed some of the children who attended the 3rd stage of Early Childhood Education and 1st year in a State Elementary School, also located at Bela Vista district in Sao Paulo, from February to July 2009. This is a qualitative research in which we used as instruments of data collection: observations of the moments of the routine in the 3rd stage of Early Childhood Education and in the 1st year of Elementary School, semistructured interviews with two teachers from the 3rd stage of Early Childhood Education , two teachers from the first year of Elementary School, coordinators and directors of the two levels of education, the two classes of children surveyed and some families who were interested in participating in the study. The main theorists that supported this study were: Lev Semeanovitch Vygotsky and Henri Wallon, as well as some contemporary theorists that deal with the issue of literacy such as Magda Soares, Angela B. Kleiman, Emilia Ferreiro and Ana Teberosky. For the purpose of data analysis, we selected three categories which were in turn divided into subcategories to account for all the particularities of the research: key aspects involving the proposed expansion of the Elementary School system to a length of nine years, key aspects that involve the operation of Early Childhood Education and Elementary Education institutions and the aspects highlighted in the study relative to the expectations of the subjects who participated in the survey. After analyzing the collected data and linking them to the ideas of the theorists, we concluded that professionals working in Early Childhood Education and Elementary Education believe that the new configuration to the entry of six year old children in the 1st year is still being done incorrectly: each level of education continues to work in the same way, i.e., it appears that this measure did not change the way children are prepared for the new level, nor the way they are received in the first year as six- year-old children who have just left kindergarten. We heard much criticism, but with no concrete proposals regarding the transition of younger children to Elementary School. Schools are not prepared to receive young children in terms of physical space, materials and curriculum. The pedagogical proposals remain the same as for the Elementary School system with an eight year length, i.e., the child enters first grade at age six, but is treated as if he was seven.

Orientadores: Douglas Tacla, Orlando Fontes Junior / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Civil e Arquitetura / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-12T10:42:20Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 PeixotoNeto_AlbertoGracaLopes_M.pdf: 1281299 bytes, checksum: 513af220564dc97ae53dcaf28e246403 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008 / Resumo: Este trabalho tem o objetivo de mostrar a eficiência da aplicação da metodologia Lean Six Sigma na Logística, isto é, mais especificamente na redução do tempo de atendimento a pedidos. Tanto o Lean quanto o Six Sigma, até então aplicados de maneira isolada, tinham reduzido significativamente o nível das perdas (estoques) ou melhorado a velocidade dos processos ou reduzido a variabilidade. Porém, se fazia necessária uma abordagem diferente e completa para se reduzir ainda mais o lead time dos pedidos. E, a partir daí, um método é proposto e aplicado neste trabalho para focar a atenção na redução destas perdas, melhorar o processo de atendimento aos pedidos e, conseqüentemente, diminuindo o tempo de atendimento. A metodologia LeanSigma proposta para processos da Logística consiste basicamente em melhorar o gerenciamento dos inventários, isto é: _ Logística é basicamente lidar com inventários, estejam eles onde estiverem na cadeia de suprimentos. _ Por outro lado, inventários para o Lean são um dos desperdícios que devem ser atacados._ Temos que Logística Lean consiste basicamente em reduzir todos os inventários em excesso._ Seis Sigma, como anteriormente citado, se preocupa com a redução da variabilidade dos processos e com a eliminação de defeitos._ Portanto, Logística Sigma está focada na redução da variação dos processos Logísticos, garantindo assim, sua confiabilidade. _ Por fim, temos que Logística Lean Sigma são esforços direcionados para redução dos estoques e, conseqüentemente, melhoria dos tempos de fluxo logísticos. / Abstract: In a world each time more competitive the reaction's velocity on attending technical requirements with lower and lower costs is fundamental to the success of the companies. In this time, the Lean and the Six Sigma distinguished methodologies with oriented focus to decrease key processes variability and consequently decrease associated losses, like overproduction, inventory, transportation, motion, waiting, rework, down time, etc., focused on financial return to the company, has been used by a growing quantity of industries all over the planet. As the competitive environment changes the way companies do business, companies are embracing both (Lean and Six Sigma) initiatives together to support cost reductions and quality improvements in several different business areas. This work has the objective of showing the efficiency application of the Lean Six Sigma methodology applied in the Logistics context and more specifically in the order leads time reduction. As much Lean as Six Sigma, up to now applied in an isolated way, they had reduced the level of the losses (stocks) significantly or improved the speed of the processes or reduced the variability. A method is proposed and applied in this work to focus the attention in the reduction of these losses, to improve the service process to the requests and, consequently, reducing the time of service. The application of this methodology certainly will help to increase the competitiveness of the national industries by improving their Supply Chain mainly due to the combination of Lean for pursuit simplicity which means efficiency focus and Six Sigma for pursuit perfection which means effectiveness focus. / Mestrado / Transportes / Mestre em Engenharia Civil

Real-time MRI scanning is used to visualize tissue and organs in motion. The real-time approach requires new interaction techniques to facilitate interaction with the scanning plane. The aim of this thesis is to investigate the use of input with six degrees of freedom – 6DOF. An overview over existing 6DOF input devices is given. Three devices are chosen for implementation and evaluation, Flock of Birds, SpaceBall and SpaceMouse. A simulator application is developed to test the different input devices. The simulator purpose is to imitate the real-time scanning situation. To be able to evaluate speed andaccuracy of the different interaction techniques, methods for measuring time and error are developed. A statistical survey is done on two different tasks to gather data of the interaction. The data is analyzed and the result is that the test subjects find the SpaceMouse superior to the other devices thanks to its kinesthetic feed-back properties and ergonomic benefits. However, the statistical data shows that Flock of Birds is the fastest device and no great difference is showed in accuracy between Flock of Birds and SpaceMouse. SpaceBall was the device that generated the least satisfying data.

The aim of this study was to find out if there were any detectable differences in the language and language use between children who had been at home with an adult, versus children who had been at day care regularly before they started school. Eight six-year-olds, four from each group, were interviewed and their answers compared to each other. The results pointed to a slight difference in word choices and sentence structure and also a greater difference in the past tense verb forms. Children with a day care background tended to discuss and interact more with their peers, though with simpler sentences and several incorrect verb forms, while the stay-at-home children used more complex sentences and had a higher rate of correct past tense verb forms. The conclusion from this study suggests that children need both adult and peer input to develop correct language and the necessary skills for interaction.

The thesis inquires into the progressively worsening international role of Israel after the Six-Day War. It begins with analysis of some aspects of the aforementioned conflict and finishes with declaration of resolution no. 3379, which condemned Zionism as a form of racial discrimination.The goal of the thesis is to analyse process that led the state constituted with the help of UN to the position as one of the most criticized members of the organization, all in less than its thirty years old existence.In addition to the Six-Day War, the analysis deals with other significant moments of the Arab-Israeli conflict between years 1967-1975 with the declaration of the said resolution taking the largest extent.Further, the author attempted to define a group of states actively objecting to Zionism and Israel. Simultaneously, he attempted to define the meaning of the fight against Zionism to individual members of the inhomogeneous anti-Israeli bloc.The thesis mainly stands on the analysis of UN documents concerning the Palestine problem in the observed time period. Based on the performed research, the author comes to the conclusion that the condemnation of Zionism as a form of racial discrimination was possible not solely by development of the Israeli-Palestinian conflict and by drawing attention to the...

Doctor of Philosophy / Curriculum and Instruction Programs / Marjorie R. Hancock / The No Child Left Behind Act of 2001 (PL 107-110) drives today's teaching environment. With the pressure not to leave any student behind, classroom teachers often request struggling students to attend summer school. This qualitative case study sought to gain a deeper understanding of how visualization embedded in the writing process may influence struggling learners in a kindergarten through fourth grade summer writing camp. The 3 1/2 week summer writing camp was based on Donald Graves' (1983/2003) writer's workshop and writing process. The selected 19 students (K - 4) and 5 teachers in a Midwestern school district participated in the visual, learning, and literacy-rich environment. During the writing workshop, teachers gave Lucy Calkin's (1994) inspired mini-lessons to teach struggling students how to use visualization embedded in the writing process. Students participated in 4 community-based field experiences, which served as inspiration for drawing and writing. Mental imagery has powerful effects on reading comprehension (Sadoski, 1983, 1985) and students recalled information and images from the field experiences by observing digital photographs, and then drawing and writing. Thirty-nine student art/writing samples were analyzed using Lowenfeld and Brittain's (1975) stages of artistic development, Northwest Regional Educational Laboratory (2004) writing levels, and Piaget and Inhelder's (1969/2000) stages of cognitive development. Drawing in the writing process created tangible images to help student authors in the primary grades increase their Six-Trait Analytical (Spandel, 2004) writing scores for Ideas, Organization, and Conventions. Students in the intermediate writing group also increased their writing scores in Ideas, Voice, and Conventions. In addition, the data revealed the student's stage of artistic development reflects his or her writing level and stage of cognitive development. The involved teachers believed aspects of the summer writing camp could be incorporated throughout the school year, and they wanted to learn more about using visualization in the writing process. This study provided insight essential to better understand how visualization embedded in the writing process influences struggling learners.

M.Com. (Business Management) / The main objective of the study is to measure the relationship between the practices of corporate entrepreneurship and lean six sigma within the South African financial sector. Although studies on these management styles are prevalent in the literature, few of them provide a direct comparison of the styles. There is a further gap in the literature that addresses the South African context. The study design included anonymously submitted questionnaire data on the levels of corporate entrepreneurship, lean six sigma and organisational performance from employees at South African banks. 248 potential participants were contacted, with a snowball sampling method being utilised. The final response rate was 41% (102 completed surveys), and this is the number used in the study. Respondents were employees at South African banking institutions. Likert scales were used to score the various constructs of corporate entrepreneurship and lean six sigma. The study looked to determine if there are statistically significant relationships between these constructs. In addition, the relationship between organisational performance, corporate entrepreneurship and lean six sigma was reviewed. The findings were that there are low-level practices of entrepreneurship and lean six sigma in the South African financial institutions. The main findings showed that in general the elements of corporate entrepreneurship had a correlation to the elements of lean six sigma, as evidenced in four out of the six possible correlations. This being said; the correlations were weak to slightly moderate in nature. As for the correlation to organisational performance, four out of the five potential correlations were statistically significant, all be it either weak or almost moderate. There was a positive direction to the correlation in all instances. The main implications of the findings are that corporate entrepreneurship and lean six sigma, though vastly differentiating in history and styles can co-exist in a single organisation. There were no instances of negative correlation as may be expected from the seemingly incomplete and incompatible nature of the two methods. The recommendation is that these two strategies can and should be implemented in conjunction, given their explicit impact on organisational performance. The main limitation of the study was that a small sample used. Another limitation was the focus on banks and not the entire financial sector. Future research could target other financial institutions that are not full service banking operations. The study could contain more detail to determine if, the size and age of the organisation impact on the practice of corporate entrepreneurship and lean six sigma.

Masters of Arts / District Six was a community that was forcibly removed from the centre of Cape Town after its demarcation as a white group area in 1966. In 1989, the District Six Museum Foundation was established in order to form a project that worked with the memory of District Six. Out of these origins, the District Six Museum emerged and was officially opened in 1994 with the Streets: Retracing District Six exhibition. The origin moments of the museum in the 1980s occurred at the same moment that the social history movement assumed prominence within a progressive South African historiography. With the success of Streets, the decision to ‘dig deeper’ into the social history of District Six culminated in the opening of the exhibition, Digging Deeper, in a renovated museum space in 2000. Oral history practice, as means of bringing to light the hidden and erased histories of the area, was embraced by the museum as an empowering methodology which would facilitate memory work around District Six. In tracing the evolution of an oral history practice in the museum, this study aims to understand how the poetics involved in the practices of representation and display impacted on the oral histories that were displayed in Digging Deeper. It also considers how the engagement with the archaeological discipline, during the curation of the Horstley Street display as part of Streets, impacted on how oral histories were displayed in the museum. / South Africa