The distributional properties of improvement-over-chance, I, effect sizes derived from linear and quadratic predictive discriminant analysis (PDA) and from logistic regression analysis (LRA) for the two-group univariate classification were examined. Data were generated under varying levels of four data conditions: population separation, variance pattern, sample size, and prior probabilities. None of the indices provided acceptable estimates of effect for all the conditions examined. There were only a small number of conditions under which both accuracy and precision were acceptable. The results indicate that the decision of which method to choose is primarily determined by variance pattern and prior probabilities. Under variance homogeneity, any of the methods may be recommended. However, LRA is recommended when priors are equal or extreme and linear PDA is recommended when priors are moderate. Under variance heterogeneity, selecting a recommended method is more complex. In many cases, more than one method could be used appropriately.

L’étude de l’optimisation des paramètres de production et de conservation de la farine de taro (Colocasia esculenta) a permis de mieux comprendre le processus cuisson des tubercules et de conservation des farines. Les études de cuisson des tubercules de six variétés ont montré que la variété Ibo coco est celle qui cuit vite eu égard à ses bonnes propriétés thermiques. La cuisson des tubercules dans l’eau du robinet est la meilleure technique de cuisson comparativement aux cuissons, à la vapeur, dans les solutions acides de citron et de tamarin. Les études de détermination des conditions optimales de séchage et conservation de la farine de taro, en utilisant un vieillissement accéléré à 10 et 20 jours de stockage à 45°C à des activité en eau de 0,07 ; 0,11 ; 0,23 ; 0,33 ; 0,53 ont permis de montrer que le vieillissement après 10 jours de stockage était suffisant pour les analyses. De plus l’application du modèle BET lors des mesures des isothermes de sorption, a permis de déterminer les teneurs en eau mono moléculaires théorique et expérimentale. Les farines produites à la teneur en eau mono moléculaire, donnent une pâte ayant des caractéristiques texturales proches de celles de la pâte traditionnelle. Toutefois, la conservation de ces farines à différentes fractions particulaires (75, 150 et 250 µm) montre que les petites fractions particulaires (75 µm) absorbent plus vite de l’eau que les autres fractions particulaires et sont de ce fait plus susceptibles à la détérioration / Study on optimization of production and storage parameters of the taro (Colocasia esculenta) flour permitted to better understanding the cooking process of taro tubers and storage of taro flours. Studies of cooking of six varieties of tubers showed that the variety Ibo coco had high rate of cooking, due to his good thermal properties. The cooking of tubers in the faucet water is the best technique of cooking compared to, steam cooking, lemon and tammarin cooking. Studies of determination of the optimal conditions of drying and storage of the taro flour, using an accelerated ageing to 10 and 20 days of storage at 45°C to the activity in water of 0,07; 0,11; 0,23; 0,33; 0,53, showed that the ageing after 10 day of storage was sufficient for analyses. Besides the use of the BET model on sorption isotherms, permitted to obtain values of theorical and experimental monolayer water. Flours produced at this monolayer water, give dough with the textural characteristics near of those of traditional dough. However, the storage of these flours with different particle sizes (75, 150 and 250 µm) shown that the small particle size (75 µm) absorb water quickly than other flours, and they are more susceptible to the deterioration

La thématique de la thèse est très vaste. Sont présentées les grandeurs cinématiques locales ou régionales qui agissent sur le corps humain. La deuxième partie de la thèse décrit les méthodes optiques, par lesquelles on peut mesurer les vibrations produites par les machines-outils sur le système humain main-bras au cours de l'activité au travail. Dans la troisième partie sont donnés les effets négatifs des vibrations qui se produisent sur le système humain main-bras pendant l'exposition aux vibrations. La quatrième partie de cette thèse contient la base théorique des techniques optiques utilisées pour mesurer les vibrations. Le chapitre cinq présente la méthodologie d'expérimentation pour mesurer les vibrations. Les résultats des mesures sont indiqués dans le sixième chapitre de la thèse. Dans le chapitre sept on présente la modélisation mécanique et mathématique du système humain main-bras avec trois degrés de liberté et le dernier chapitre contient les conclusions finales. / In the first part of the doctoral thesis are presented the local and global kinematics sizes which are acting on the human body. This is followsed with the optical methods by which we can measure the vibrations produced by the machine-tools and them action on the human hand-arm system during the work activity. In the third part are given the effects of vibrations that occur on the hand-arm system during the exposure of vibrations. The fourth part of this thesis contains the theorical basis of optical techniques used for vibrations measurement. Chapter five presents the experimental methodology of vibrations measurement in comparition betsween the two methods: classical and optical. The results of measurement are given in chapter six of the thesis. In chapter seven is given the mechanical and mathematical modeling of human hand-arm system with three degrees of freedom and the eighth chapter contains the final conclusions, the personal contributions and the future research directions.

A distribuição do tamanho de bolhas é uma importante característica em sistemas bifásicos. A área interfacial de bolhas está fortemente relacionada às taxas de reações químicas e de transferência de massa em aplicações industriais como colunas de destilação e fermentação, sistemas biológicos, oxidação, hidrogenação, tratamento de água, e em processos naturais, como dinâmicas de aerossóis e transferência de gás oceano-atmosfera. Pontas de provas intrusivas são largamente usadas para determinar a distribuição do tamanho de bolhas em colunas de borbulhamento bifásicas. Embora o tamanho de bolhas não possa ser obtido diretamente pelo uso de uma simples ponta de prova porque estas medem somente comprimentos perfurados em bolhas, é possível relacionar distribuições de cordas à distribuição de tamanho de bolhas usando análises estatísticas. Este trabalho apresenta a implementação de um sistema capaz de medir distribuição de tamanho de bolhas em uma coluna de borbulhamento composta por água e ar através de uma ponta de prova condutiva. Imagens obtidas por uma câmera de vídeo CCD (Charge-Coupled Devices) monocromática são usadas para validar e calibrar o sistema. / The distribution of bubble sizes is a critical feature in two–phase systems. The interfacial area of bubbles is strongly related to chemical reaction and mass transfer rates in industrial applications such as distillation and fermentation columns, biological systems, oxidation, hydrogenation, waste water treatment and in natural processes such as aerosol dynamics and air-sea gas transfer. Intrusive probes are widely used to determine bubble size distribution in two-phase bubble columns. Although bubble size cannot be obtained by a simple probe because it measures only the pierced length of the bubbles, it is possible to relate chord distributions to bubble size distribution by the use of statistical analysis. This work proposes a system implementation which is able to determine bubble size distribution in a water-air bubble column using an intrusive conductance probe. Images obtained by a monochromatic video camera CCD (Charge-Coupled Devices) are used to validate and calibrate the system.

En el desarrollo de las faenas pesqueras de la flota industrial se ha identificado un tipo de infracción relacionada con la pesca de tallas menores o juveniles, que es sancionada con multas y decomisos. El sustento normativo de la infracción y la consecuente sanción es la sostenibilidad pesquera que, en este caso, tiene como propósito proteger las tallas menores de anchoveta para asegurar su reproducción. Usando el método de investigación descriptiva con enfoque cualitativo, en la presente investigación se demostrará que la aplicación de dicho régimen sancionador no ha contribuido a la sostenibilidad pesquera, sino que habría motivado descartes en el mar, escondiendo la infracción, y puede haber provocado contaminación en el medio marino, debido a que los efectos del descarte no se han llegado a medir. En el análisis de las resoluciones sancionadoras, en contraste con estudios de la masa hidrobiológica, con las evidencias de la existencia de volúmenes aptos para pesca, la asignación de cuotas de pesca, así como las decisiones de inicio y cierre de temporada con base en estudios científicos del rendimiento máximo sostenible, y las medidas preventivas de cierre y veda de zonas, se concluye que estas medidas han sido más efectivas que las sanciones aplicadas a la pesca de tallas menores. Esto, para garantizar la sostenibilidad pesquera de la anchoveta peruana. / In the development of the fishing operations of the industrial fleet, a type of infraction related to the fishing of smaller or juvenile sizes has been identified, which is sanctioned with fines and seizures. The normative support of the infraction and the consequent sanction is the fishing sustainability that, in this case, has the purpose of protecting the smaller sizes of anchoveta to ensure its reproduction. Using the method of descriptive research with a qualitative approach, in the present investigation it will be demonstrated that the application of this sanctioning regime has not contributed to fisheries sustainability, but would have motivated discards at sea, hiding the infraction, and may have caused contamination in the marine environment, because the effects of discarding have not been measured. In the analysis of the sanctioning resolutions, in contrast with studies of the hydrobiological mass, with the evidences of the existence of suitable volumes for fishing, the allocation of fishing quotas, as well as the decisions of beginning and closing of season based on studies maximum sustainable yield scientists, and the preventive measures of closure and closure of zones, conclude that these measures have been more effective than the sanctions applied to fishing for smaller sizes. This, to guarantee the fishing sustainability of the Peruvian anchoveta. / Trabajo de investigación

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A problem with multi-core platforms is the competition of shared cache memory which is also knownas cache contention. Cache contention can negatively affect process reliability, since it can increaseexecution time jitter. Cache contention may be caused by inter-process interference in a system.To minimize the negative effects of inter-process interference, cache memory can be partitionedwhich would isolate processes from each other.In this work, two questions related to cache-coloring based cache partition sizes have been inves-tigated. The first question is how we can use knowledge of execution characteristics of an algorithmto create adequate partition sizes. The second question is to investigate if sweet spots can be foundto determine when cache-coloring based cache partitioning is worth using. The investigation ofthe two questions is conducted using two experiments. The first experiment put focus on howstatic partition sizes affect process reliability and isolation. The second experiment investigatesboth questions by using L3 cache misses caused by a running process to determine partition sizesdynamically.Results from the first experiment shows static partition sizes to increase process reliability andisolation compared to a non-isolated system. The second experiment outcomes shows the dynamicpartition sizes to provide even better process reliability compared to the static approach. Collectively,all results have been fairly identical and therefore sweets spots could not be found. Contributionsfrom our work is a cache partitioning controller and metrics showing the effects of static and dy-namic partitions sizes.

A distribuição do tamanho de bolhas é uma importante característica em sistemas bifásicos. A área interfacial de bolhas está fortemente relacionada às taxas de reações químicas e de transferência de massa em aplicações industriais como colunas de destilação e fermentação, sistemas biológicos, oxidação, hidrogenação, tratamento de água, e em processos naturais, como dinâmicas de aerossóis e transferência de gás oceano-atmosfera. Pontas de provas intrusivas são largamente usadas para determinar a distribuição do tamanho de bolhas em colunas de borbulhamento bifásicas. Embora o tamanho de bolhas não possa ser obtido diretamente pelo uso de uma simples ponta de prova porque estas medem somente comprimentos perfurados em bolhas, é possível relacionar distribuições de cordas à distribuição de tamanho de bolhas usando análises estatísticas. Este trabalho apresenta a implementação de um sistema capaz de medir distribuição de tamanho de bolhas em uma coluna de borbulhamento composta por água e ar através de uma ponta de prova condutiva. Imagens obtidas por uma câmera de vídeo CCD (Charge-Coupled Devices) monocromática são usadas para validar e calibrar o sistema. / The distribution of bubble sizes is a critical feature in two–phase systems. The interfacial area of bubbles is strongly related to chemical reaction and mass transfer rates in industrial applications such as distillation and fermentation columns, biological systems, oxidation, hydrogenation, waste water treatment and in natural processes such as aerosol dynamics and air-sea gas transfer. Intrusive probes are widely used to determine bubble size distribution in two-phase bubble columns. Although bubble size cannot be obtained by a simple probe because it measures only the pierced length of the bubbles, it is possible to relate chord distributions to bubble size distribution by the use of statistical analysis. This work proposes a system implementation which is able to determine bubble size distribution in a water-air bubble column using an intrusive conductance probe. Images obtained by a monochromatic video camera CCD (Charge-Coupled Devices) are used to validate and calibrate the system.

This thesis is submitted to the University of Manchester for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy (PhD). This study developed an experimental small group teaching method in the Realistic Mathematics Education tradition for teaching fractions using models and contexts to year 7 children in Brunei (N=89) whose effectiveness was evaluated using a treatment-control design: the E1 group was given the experimental lessons, the E2 group who was given “normal” lessons taught by the experimenter, and a whole class (E3) group which acted as the control group. The experimental teaching was video recorded and subject to semiotic analysis, aiming to describe the objectifications that realized ‘learning of fractions’ by the groups.The research addresses two research questions:1. How effective was the experimental teaching in helping learners make sense of fractions, with respect to equivalence of fractions and flexibility of unitizing?2. What were the semiotic learning and teaching processes in the experimental group of the RME-like lessons? This study used a mixed method approach with a quasi-experimental design (QED) for the quantitative side, and a semiotic analysis for the qualitative side. Quantitatively, the experimental teachings proved to be relatively effective with an effect size of 0.6 from the pre- to the delayed post-teaching test, compared to the E2 and the control groups.The basic findings pertaining to the semiotic analyses were:a. The mediation of the production of fractions in terms of length, from the production of fractions in terms of the number of parts which led to equivalence of fractions;b. The use of language and gesture help to objectify the equivalence of fractions and the flexibility of unitizing–in some case it involved gesturing to the self;c. The role of the Hour-Foot clock (HFC) as a model in a realistic context; andd. The complexity of the required chains of objectifications reflects the difficulties of the topic.

Red blood cells (RBCs) are the most abundant cells in human blood, representing 40 to 45% of the blood volume (hematocrit). These cells have the particular ability to deform and bridge together to form aggregates under very low shear rates. The theory and mechanics behind aggregation are, however, not yet completely understood. The purpose of this work is to provide a novel method to analyze, understand and mimic blood behaviour in microcirculation. The main objective is to develop a methodology to quantify and characterize RBC aggregates and hence enhance the current understanding of the non-Newtonian behaviour of blood at the microscale. For this purpose, suspensions of porcine blood and human blood are tested in vitro in a Poly-di-methylsiloxane (PDMS) microchannel to characterize RBC aggregates within these two types of blood. These microchannels are fabricated using standard photolithography methods. Experiments are performed using a micro Particle Image Velocimetry ( PIV) system for shear rate measurements coupled with a high speed camera for the flow visualization. Corresponding numerical simulations are conducted using a research Computational Fluid Dynamic (CFD) solver, Nek5000, based on the spectral element method solution to the incompressible non-Newtonian Navier-Stokes equations. RBC aggregate sizes are quantified in controlled and measurable shear rate environments for 5, 10 and 15% hematocrit. Aggregate sizes are determined using image processing techniques. Velocity fields of the blood flow are measured experimentally and compared to numerical simulations using simple non-Newtonian models (Power law and Carreau models). This work establishes for the first time a relationship between RBC aggregate sizes and corresponding shear rates in a microfluidic environment as well as one between RBC aggregate sizes and apparent blood viscosity at body temperature in a microfluidic controlled environment. The results of the investigation can be used to help develop new numerical models for non-Newtonian blood flow, provide a better understanding of the mechanics of RBC aggregation and help determine aggregate behaviour in clinical settings such as for degenerative diseases like diabetes and heart disease.