Les potentiels daction neuronaux sont suivis dune post-hyperpolarisation qui est médiée par les canaux K+ Ca2+-dépendant de faible conductance (canaux SK). Cette post-hyperpolarisation joue un rôle important dans la régulation de lexcitabilité neuronale et les agents modulant lamplitude cette post-hyperpolarisation possèdent un intérêt thérapeutique potentiel (schizophrénie, maladie de Parkinson, maladie dAlzheimer, épilepsie,). Dans un premier temps, cette étude pharmacochimique de la N-méthyl-laudanosine (NML) a permis de mettre en évidence un composé tertiaire possédant une affinité significative vis-à-vis des canaux SK. Cette observation a initié la recherche de bloqueurs non quaternaires des canaux SK. Dans cette seconde partie, deux groupes de composés ont été préparés et testés. Dune part, des bis-isoquinoliniums ont montré des affinités 50 x plus élevées que celle de la NML. Dautre part, la préparation et la résolution de bis-1,2,3,4-tétrahydroisoquinoléines a permis dobtenir un stéréoisomère 4 x plus affin que la NML. Ce composé tertiaire a été caractérisé sur le plan chimique et physico-chimique (cristallographie RX, lipophilie et pKas) et étudié dans un modèle comportemental chez le rat. Sur base des premiers résultats comportementaux, un effet central a effectivement été observé.

The presence of microglia at sites of CNS injury can potentially shift the balance between neuronal survival and death; however, the mechanisms regulating their mobilization to these sites are still poorly understood. Here I report that microglia express podosomes, short-lived, punctate organelles which adhere to and degrade extracellular matrix (ECM). Podosomes and related invadopodia of cancer cells have recently been the focus of much interest for their roles in migration and invasion. Microglial podosomes degraded ECM, providing impetus for further study of their function in microglia. Further, I report the Ca2+-activated SK3 channel as a novel component of the podosome core. While SK3 and SK4 channels are reported to play redundant roles in activated microglia (Kaushal et al., 2007; Schlichter et al., 2010), immunostaining work suggests that they are differentially regulated during microglial activation. Together, these results suggest unique functions for these channel subtypes in microglia.

The presence of microglia at sites of CNS injury can potentially shift the balance between neuronal survival and death; however, the mechanisms regulating their mobilization to these sites are still poorly understood. Here I report that microglia express podosomes, short-lived, punctate organelles which adhere to and degrade extracellular matrix (ECM). Podosomes and related invadopodia of cancer cells have recently been the focus of much interest for their roles in migration and invasion. Microglial podosomes degraded ECM, providing impetus for further study of their function in microglia. Further, I report the Ca2+-activated SK3 channel as a novel component of the podosome core. While SK3 and SK4 channels are reported to play redundant roles in activated microglia (Kaushal et al., 2007; Schlichter et al., 2010), immunostaining work suggests that they are differentially regulated during microglial activation. Together, these results suggest unique functions for these channel subtypes in microglia.

In the East Midlands counties of Derbyshire, Leicestershire and Nottinghamshire levels of poaching equalled or exceeded those in many counties which are thought of as prime poaching areas. Using principally Criminal Registers, Game Laws Returns to Parliament, and local newspapers of the period, this study shows that people poached from three motives: because they were poor; because poaching was a sport; and as a protest. Day and night poachers,including night poaching gangs frequently involved in affrays, pursued their activities undeterred by the efforts at prevention of the landowners, police and courts. Poaching here was predominantly for ground game and declined in the last quarter of the century, but continued to be a source of anger and frustration for game preservers and the authorities to the end of this period. The poaching war in these counties, waged in an area with large aristocratic estates but where extreme game preservation was viewed critically, was not perceived as impacting on law and order in general. This was unlike Lancashire, where the activities of poachers were regarded as being a threat to the fabric of society. The causes of these differences between the East Midlands and Lancashire were rooted in police practice, attitudes to game preservation, and differences in gentry sport and hunting.

A set of studies was designed in order to better understand the exposure of horses in Canada to Ixodes-borne diseases, namely equine granulocytic anaplasmosis (EGA, caused by Anaplasma phagocytophilum) and Lyme borreliosis (LB, caused by Borrelia burgdorferi). In the first study, equine serum samples submitted to veterinary diagnostic laboratories in SK, MB and ON were tested for antibodies against A. phagocytophilum and B. burgdorferi, using the point-of-care SNAP® 4Dx® ELISA. Horses seropositive to EGA were found in SK and MB and horses seropositive to LB were found in SK, MB and ON. Overall seroprevalence according to the SNAP® 4Dx® ELISA was 0.53% for EGA and 1.6% for LB. Samples that tested positive for antibodies against A. phagocytophilum (n=2) and B. burgdorferi (n=6) by SNAP® 4Dx® ELISA and 2 randomly selected subsets of samples that tested negative (n=92 each) were then re-tested using currently recommended serologic methods, and test results were compared. A lack of agreement was found between the SNAP® 4Dx® ELISA and indirect immunofluorescent assay (IFA) for EGA (McNemar test p = 0.000001). Agreement of the SNAP® 4Dx® ELISA and ELISA confirmed with Western Blot (WB) for LB was only fair (Kappa 0.23). Due to the lack of agreement between serologic tests for EGA and LB in the first study, another study to further evaluate the agreement among available serologic tests was conducted. A set of 50 convenience serum samples submitted to the veterinary diagnostic laboratory in SK was tested by SNAP® 4Dx® Plus ELISA for antibodies against A. phagocytophilum and B. burgdorferi. Samples were also tested by IFA for antibodies against A. phagocytophilum in two referral laboratories, and by IFA, ELISA confirmed with WB and Equine Lyme multiplex assay for antibodies against B. burgdorferi in three referral laboratories. Again, test results varied between the different tests. For EGA, all 3 pair-wise test comparisons lacked agreement. For LB, agreement between tests ranged from poor to fair. Differences in test methodology and antigens used, cut-off settings between the laboratories and false positive or false negative results are likely the cause for the different assessment of the same sample as seropositive or seronegative. In the third study, the goal was to describe potential risk factors for exposure of horses in Canada to EGA and LB. Management factors in horses that tested seropositive or seronegative for EGA or LB, respectively, in the previous studies were evaluated. Horse owners were surveyed with regard to their horses’ signalment, timing of pasture housing, and province of residence, travel history, tick infestation history, history of Lyme vaccination and history of previously diagnosed tick-borne disease. Response rate (11.5%) and the number of seropositive horses available for evaluation were low, which precluded statistical analysis. The majority of seropositive horses resided in SK, was pastured in the fall, did not have a recent travel history and had not had visible tick infestation. These observations supported exposure of horses to tick-borne diseases within Canada. Potential risk factors require further investigation. As information about tick infestation in horses is scarce in general, a passive surveillance study of horse ticks in SK was conducted in 2012 and 2013. A total of 833 ticks from over 86 horses were received. All ticks were Dermacentor species, i.e. D. albipictus, D. andersoni and D. variabilis. D. albipictus ticks were mostly received in February and March, D. andersoni mainly in April and June and D. variabilis mostly in May and June. Geographic distribution of the species in SK was similar to that previously reported based on active and passive surveillance. No Ixodes species were received.

No description available.

1967 tog svensk idrott beslutet att avskaffa amatörreglerna, vilket innebar att idrottare nu kunde ta emot pengar för sitt idrottsutövande. Det dröjde dock fram till slutet på 1980-talet innan svensk fotboll på allvar professionaliserades och där hela spelartrupper heltidsanställdes av fotbollsklubben. I och med TV:s och medias ökade inblandning och intresse i fotbollen har sporten kommersialiserats allt mer och idag kommer stora delar av fotbollsklubbars intäkter från TV, reklam och sponsring. 1999 tog Riksidrottsförbundet ett beslut som gav idrottsföreningar tillåtelse att starta ett aktiebolag (IdrottsAB) som arbetar jämsides med den ideella föreningen, dock med begränsningen att ägandet i aktiebolaget till 51 % måste innehas av den ideella föreningen och dess medlemmar. I svensk fotboll har trenden med IdrottsAB inte tagit den fart som först förutspåddes, med tre allsvenska klubbar 2012 som valt vägen att bolagisera verksamheten. En av dessa tre klubbar är Örebro SK som 2006 bildade ÖSK Elitfotboll AB efter att 2004 ha blivit tvångsnedflyttade till Superettan på grund av ett negativt eget kapital. Syftet med den här studien är att undersöka hur bolagiseringen har påverkat ÖSK, vilka för- och nackdelar som upplevs med IdrottsAB, om fokus på det ekonomiska tagit överhand, om bolagisering hotar det ideella engagemanget och vilka för- och nackdelar som ses med 51-procentsregeln. Denna studie drivs med en kvalitativ ansats där vi valt att intervjua fem personer med koppling till ÖSK. Respondenterna ansåg att den största anledningen till att klubben valde att bolagisera var dels att ett aktiebolag ger ett proffsigare intryck samt att reglerna som gäller för aktiebolag är betydligt tydligare än de som gäller för ideella föreningar. Detta är även de största fördelarna tillsammans med ett större fokus på marknadsintäkter. Delade meningar råder om huruvida momspliktigheten varit positiv eller negativ för klubben. Den stora nackdelen anses vara poliskostnader vid matcharrangemang som faktureras aktiebolag men inte ideella föreningar. Respondenterna påpekar att bolagiseringen varit betydelsefull för klubben, om beslutet inte tagits hade vägen tillbaka till Allsvenskan varit mycket längre. Vad gäller 51-procentsregeln råder det delade meningar om ett avskaffande av den vore positiv eller negativ för svensk fotbolls konkurrenskraft internationellt. Nyckelord: IdrottsAB, professionalisering, kommersialisering, 51-procenstregeln

The generalized inverse Gaussian distribution has become quite popular in financial engineering. The most popular random variate generator is due to Dagpunar (1989). It is an acceptance-rejection algorithm method based on the Ratio-of-uniforms method. However, it is not uniformly fast as it has a prohibitive large rejection constant when the distribution is close to the gamma distribution. Recently some papers have discussed universal methods that are suitable for this distribution. However, these methods require an expensive setup and are therefore not suitable for the varying parameter case which occurs in, e.g., Gibbs sampling. In this paper we analyze the performance of Dagpunar's algorithm and combine it with a new rejection method which ensures a uniformly fast generator. As its setup is rather short it is in particular suitable for the varying parameter case. (authors' abstract) / Series: Research Report Series / Department of Statistics and Mathematics

Title: The history of the football club SK Polaban Nymburk Autor: Bc. Aleš Fiala Thesis supervisor: PhDr. PaedDr. Ladislav Kašpar, Ph.D. Year: 2014 Abstract: This thesis focuses on the history of the football club SK Polaban Nymburk 1948, but also describes the development of football in general and his journey from the British Isles to Nymburk. Key words: sport, football clubs, Nymburk, SK Polaban Nymburk

A Grammatical Sketch of the Romani dialect of the Gemere village Krásnohorské Podhradie Petr Rubák Abstract The primary goal of the thesis is to provide a grammatical description of the unique Romani dialect of Krásnohorské Podhradie (south-eastern Slovakia), a transitional variety between South Central and North Central subgroups of Central Romani. The body of the thesis is divided into three main chapters. The first chapter briefly deals with phonology and morphophonology, including a description of the phoneme inventory and a description of various sound changes. The second, the main chapter is devoted to morphology and contains a description of the derivation and inflection of nouns, adjectives and verbs. The third chapter is shortly devoted basic and complex syntactic structures. The linguistic data are based on linguistic elicitation using of standardized dialectological questionnaires. Keywords: Romani, grammatic, dialects, Gemer (SK)