Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Texas at Austin, 2007. / Vita. Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (M.S.)--University of Michigan, 1984.

Thesis (M.S.)--University of Michigan, 1984.

Thesis (M.S.)--University of Michigan, 1984.

Author: Eva Gorbunovová Title: Sleep disorder as a risk factor for the development of diabetes mellitus type 2 Diploma thesis Charles' University in Prague, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralove Field: Pharmacy Background: The aim of this thesis with the help of available domestic and foreign literature is to analyze the impact of sleep disorders on the development of Diaberes Mellitus type II. Main findings: In our work we show the basic characteristics of sleep disorders and diabetes mellitus. We focused on some of the factors which were demonstrated to affect the metabolism. It was found that chronic sleep disorders lead to the increased production of cortisol which in a long term affects the metabolism of carbohydrates, fats and proteins and also influences the development of insulin resistance. As a result of sleep disorders is also the reduction of the concentration of leptin, resulting in increased appetite. Studies conducted on mice show that due to increased levels of ghrelin, as a result of sleep disorders, there is also an increase in food intake. Increased levels of ghrelin increases the secretion of growth hormone and orexins, hormones that also affect metabolism. Sleep disorders can affect the levels of cytokines, especially, IL-1, IL-6 and TNF-α, which are produced in the organism in...

Among all symptoms of Parkinson’s Disease (PD), depression and sleep dysfunction have the highest impact on quality of life, yet sleep disturbances and depression symptoms are often left unrecognized and untreated. With the rising annual cost of pharmacologic treatments for PD and the increasing prevalence of PD in the United States, there is a need to implement effective non-pharmacologic regimens, such as physical exercise. Adherence to exercise regimens can often be challenging, especially for elderly patients with progressive neurological impairment. However, enjoyable exercises, such as dancing, involve socialization and musical stimuli that are associated with increased motivation in patients. Dance exercise has been shown to have significant improvement in motor symptoms, functional mobility, mood, and quality of life in PD patients compared to no intervention or traditional exercises. Previous studies have shown that Tango style dancing has additional benefits for PD patients as it may selectively activate areas of the brain associated with motor and non-motor symptoms (the basal ganglia and anterior putamen, respectively) during backward walking and metered rhythmic movement. However, no studies have yet investigated the effect of dance intervention on sleep quality in patients with PD. The proposed study is a randomized control trial that will compare the sleep quality improvement of 90 elderly PD patients in two treatment arms, a Tango dance intervention with walking and walking alone (control group). The Tango group will participate in a 6-month Adapted Tango class designed for PD patients. Sleep quality will be measured as the primary outcome using the Parkinson’s Disease Sleep Scale (PDSS-2). Depression will be measured as a secondary outcome using the BDI-II. This will be the first study to investigate the effects of dance intervention on sleep quality in patients with PD, applying an adapted Tango program similar to those used in previous studies. If the results of this study reveal positive effects of Tango on sleep quality, clinicians may be able to recommend Tango-style dance exercise as a therapeutic intervention to target sleep disturbances and improve quality of life for patients with PD.

Objetivo: Avaliar o impacto na qualidade de vida dos distÃrbios obstrutivos do sono (DOS) do sono em crianÃas atendidas pelo Sistema Ãnico de SaÃde (SUS), assim como a repercussÃo do tratamento com adenoidectomia ou adenotonsilectomia na qualidade de vida destas crianÃas. MÃtodos: Foi realizado um estudo de intervenÃÃo nÃo controlado do tipo antes e apÃs (before and after) com um componente avaliativo (avaliaÃÃo da qualidade de vida). Uma amostra consecutiva de crianÃas com indicaÃÃo de adenoidectomia ou adenotonsilectomia foi recrutada no ambulatÃrio de otorrinolaringologia do Hospital UniversitÃrio Walter CantÃdio da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade Federal do CearÃ, e aplicados aos cuidadores um questionÃrio validado, especÃfico para a avaliaÃÃo da qualidade de vida de crianÃas com DOS, o OSA-18, antes da cirurgia e com pelo menos 30 dias apÃs a sua realizaÃÃo. AlÃm disso, foi realizado exame nasofibroscÃpico, otorrinolaringolÃgico, visando responder a questionÃrio semi-estruturado sobre o perfil clÃnico e social da crianÃa, em ambas as consultas. Resultados: A populaÃÃo do estudo foi de 48 crianÃas e a idade mÃdia de 5,93 anos (DP=2,43). A mÃdia de tempo de escolaridade do cuidador foi de 8,29 anos (DP=3,14). Os sintomas mais presentes foram de sono agitado, apnÃia e ronco. A mÃdia de tempo de queixa de DOS foi de 4,62 anos (DP=2,49), sendo a mÃdia de escore total do OSA-18 basal de 82,83 (grande impacto na qualidade de vida) e no pÃs-operatÃrio, de 34,15. As diferenÃas nos escores total e dos domÃnios entre o OSA-18 basal e pÃs operatÃrio foram todas significantes (p<0,00). ConclusÃes: A crianÃas com DOS apresentam impacto relevante na qualidade de vida e apresentam melhora considerÃvel apÃs o tratamento cirÃrgico. / Objective: To evaluate the impact of sleep-disordered breathing (SDB) in the quality of life of children under treatment by the âSistema Ãnico de SaÃde â SUSâ, and the outcomes of the treatment with adenoidectomy or adenotonsillectomy in these childrenâs quality of life. Methods: A non-controlled intervening study was made, of the kind âbefore and afterâ, with an assessment component (evaluation of the quality of life). A consecutive sample of children with indication of adenoidectomy or adenotonsillectomy was recruited from the Walter CantÃdio University Hospital otolaryngology clinic of the Federal University of Cearà Medical College, and the guardians answered a validated survey, specific for the evaluation of quality of life in children with SDB, the OSA-18, before the surgery and with, at least, 30 days after surgery, besides, a nasofibroscopic exam and an otolaryngology exam were done as well as the answering to a semi-structured survey about the childâs social and clinic profile, on both appointments. Results: The population under study was of 48 children with mean of 5,93 years of age (SD=2,43). The guardiansâ mean of years of study was 8,29 years (SD=3,14). The most frequent symptoms were agitated sleep, apnea and snoring. The SDB complaining time average was 4,62 years (SD=2,49). The total score mean of the initial OSA-18 was 82,83 (great impact in quality of life) and after surgery was 34,15. The differences in the total scores and in the domains between the initial OSA-18 and post-surgery were all significant (p<0,00). Conclusions: Children with SDB present a relevant impact in their quality of life, and they show a dramatic improvement after surgical treatment.

Yu, Xinting. / Thesis Ph.D. Chinese University of Hong Kong 2014. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 188-207). / Abstracts also in Chinese; appendixes in Chinese. / Title from PDF title page (viewed on 14, September, 2016). / Yu, Xinting.

published_or_final_version / Medicine / Master / Doctor of Medicine

published_or_final_version / Medical Sciences / Master / Master of Medical Sciences