The main aim of the diploma thesis was to analyze the use characteristics of chicken hybrids with slow growth rate. Following hybrids were analyzed: combination of JA 757, who were fed until 49 days of their age and combination of Pac JA with feed length of 56 days. The average live weight of hybrid combination JA 757 was 2 169 g, the feed consumption per kg of weight gain averaged at 2 119 g and the selection rate reached 0.5%. The combination Pac JA reached live weight at slaughter date of 2 109 g, the feed consumption was 2 366 g and 0.88% chickens was selected. The value of Production Efficiency Factor was higher for the hybrid JA 757 (208) compared with the hybrid Pac JA (158). It was found out that the carcass yield of the hybrid JA 757 was about 3.8% higher (74.7% vs. 70.9%) compared to the hybrid Pac JA. Similarly the weight of the breast muscles reached the weight of 405 g in case of the JA 757 which was 53 g more than in case of the Pac JA (352 g). The leg muscle difference was 132 g in favor of the JA 757 (499 g vs. 367 g) while the weight of abdominal fat was lower by 5.5 g (44 vs. 49.5 g). Therefore it can be stated that the difference was statistically highly significant. Furthermore it was found out that cocks reached higher breast and leg muscle weight than hens of both hybrids. The difference was 33 g and 106 g for JA 757 hybrids and 57 g and 79 g for Pac JA hybrids respectively. Also here the difference was statistically highly significant and statistically significant respectively. Overall the hybrid JA 757 proved to have higher genetic potential in intensity growth and also in carcass utility.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-28T14:59:43Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2005-Fabiana Goes de Almeida Nobre.pdf: 412358 bytes, checksum: fd0b391dfbb07e357a843eb24048d913 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2005-08-30 / This research was carried out in the Institute of Zootecnia / Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, Serop?dica, Brazil, with the objective of evaluating the levels of methionine+cystine in the slow-growing broiler chickens, raised in conventional pen and in free-range farming. The study consisted of 360 broilers at 28 days of age distributed in 15 boxes in the conventional pen and 15 free-range farming areas with Tifton 85 grass. The experimental line used was a completely randomized design in a factorial arrangement (5 X 2) with 5 levels of supplementation of DL-metionine (0.000; 0.1515; 0.3030; 0.4545; 0.6060%) and two kinds of raising pens. The basal diet of corn and soybean-meal had a 16.039% CP and 2.900Kcal/Kg ME with 0.56% of metionine+cystine total. Feed intake, weight gain, and feed efficiency were evaluated during the experimental periods 1, 2 and 3 (respectively 28 to 49, 28 to 70 and 28 to 85 days of age. At the end of each experimental period the birds were slaughtered simulating the ages of slaughter in the conventional, organic and free-range systems, respectively 49, 70, and 85 days of age. The following weights chilled carcass, cold carcass, breast, legs, heart, gizzard, abdominal fat, and carcass income. The results yielded the following ideal levels: 1.05% for feed efficiency and 0.93% based on weight gain in period 1; 0.85% for the highest weight of gizzards raised in conventional pen at 49 days of age; 0.89% for feed efficiency in period 2; 0.87% for the highest weight of abdominal fat in the broilers raised in free-range farming area slaughtered at 70 days of age; 0.89% was the lowest weight of broiler gizzards raised in free-range farming areas slaughtered at 85 days of age. The level of 0,71% of metionine+cystine was more economic in all periods. The permanence of broilers in good living conditions had an effect on the relation between feed ingestion and weight gain specially when slowgrowing broiler chickens slaughtered later. / Um experimento foi conduzido no Setor de Avicultura do Instituto de Zootecnia da Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, com o objetivo de avaliar os n?veis de metionina+cistina na alimenta??o de frangos de corte de linhagem comercial de crescimento lento, criados em galp?o convencional e em abrigos com livre acesso a piquetes. A partir dos 28 dias de idade, 360 aves foram distribu?das em 15 boxes de um galp?o convencional e 15 abrigos com acesso a piquetes formados com a forrageira Tifton 85. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi o inteiramente casualizado, em um esquema fatorial 5X2, com cinco n?veis de suplementa??o de DL-metionina (0,000; 0,1515; 0,3030; 0,4545; 0,6060%) e dois tipos de alojamento. A dieta basal, a base de milho e farelo de soja, continha 16,039%PB e 2.900 kcalEM/kg com 0,56% de metionina+cistina total. Foram avaliados: consumo de ra??o, ganho de peso e convers?o alimentar nos per?odos experimentais I, II e III ( respectivamente, 28 a 49, 28 a 70 e 28 a 85 dias de idade). No final de cada per?odo experimental foram feitas avalia??es, correspondendo ?s idades de abate em sistema convencional, org?nico e caipira, respectivamente, 49, 70 e 85 dias de idade, para peso da carca?a quente, peso da carca?a fria, rendimento de carca?a, de peito e pernas, al?m do peso do cora??o, moela e gordura abdominal. Por an?lises de regress?o, observou-se que no per?odo I, o n?vel de 1,05% seria o melhor, considerando-se a convers?o alimentar e 0,93% quando se avaliou o ganho de peso, nos dois tipos de alojamentos. O peso da moela, no entanto, sofreu influ?ncia dos n?veis e do alojamento, com os maiores resultados, respectivamente, para 0,85% e galp?o convencional. No per?odo II, a convers?o alimentar foi melhor para ponto correspondente a um n?vel de 0,89%, e o maior peso de gordura abdominal em 0,87%, considerando ambos os alojamentos. Entretanto o n?vel de 0,89%, quando se avaliou o abate no per?odo III, correspondeu ao menor peso da moela dos frangos com acesso a piquetes. Pela an?lise de custo, o n?vel de 0,71% de metionina+cistina seria considerado o mais econ?mico para todos os per?odos. A perman?ncia dos frangos em condi??es favor?veis de bem-estar, teve influ?ncia na rela??o entre o consumo de ra??o e o ganho de peso, principalmente quando abatidos tardiamente.

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Orchids are considered the oldest among the ornamental species, and are herbaceous and perennial plants of high commercial value. The objective of this work was to develop protocols for in vitro conservation using the slow growth technique, and acclimatization of species of the subfamily Epidendroideae (Orchidaceae) of Sergipe State. The experiments were conducted in the Laboratory of Tissue Culture and Plant Breeding, Department of Agronomic Engineering, Federal University of Sergipe. We conducted two conservation experiments, both in a completely randomized design, the first in a 4x3x2 factorial scheme, testing four concentrations of salts of MS medium (100%, 75%, 50%, 25% salts), three species (Catasetum macrocarpum, Oeceoclades maculata and Polystachya estrellensis) and two temperatures (18 and 25ºC), and the second in a 3x3x2 factorial scheme, testing three combinations of carbon sources and osmotic regulators (20 g.L-1 sucrose, 10 g.L-1 sucrose + 5 g.L-1 mannitol, 10 g.L-1 sucrose + 5 g.L-1 sorbitol), three species (C. macrocarpum, O. maculata and P. estrellensis) and two temperatures (18 and 25ºC). For acclimatization, the experiment also was conducted in a completely randomized design, testing eight substrates [sand and earthworm castings (4:1); sand, coconut coir and earthworm castings (2:2:1); sand, crushed pine bark and earthworm castings (2:2:1); sand, crushed pine bark, coconut coir and earthworm castings (2:1:1:1); sand; sand and coconut coir (1:1); sand and crushed pine bark (1:1); sand, crushed pine bark and coconut coir (2:1:1)] and two species (O. macrocarpum and C. maculata). For in vitro conservation of C. macrocarpum, O. maculata and P. estrellensis for a period of 450 days, we should use culture medium containing 25% of MS salts at a temperature of 25°C or 20 g.L-1 of sucrose at 25°C. Acclimatization of micropropagated seedlings of C. macrocarpum can be performed using sand, crushed pine bark and earthworm castings (2:2:1) as the substrate, and for O. maculata we recommend to use only sand. / As orquídeas são consideradas as mais antigas entre as espécies ornamentais, sendo plantas herbáceas e perenes e de alto valor comercial. Diante disso objetivou-se com o presente trabalho desenvolver protocolos de conservação in vitro sob crescimento lento e aclimatização de espécies da subfamília Epidendroideae (Orchidaceae) do Estado de Sergipe. Os experimentos foram conduzidos no Laboratório de Cultura de Tecidos e Melhoramento Vegetal do Departamento de Engenharia Agronômica (DEA) da Universidade Federal de Sergipe (UFS). Foram realizados dois experimentos de conservação, ambos em delineamento inteiramente casualizado, sendo o primeiro em esquema fatorial 4x3x2, testando quatro concentrações de sais do meio MS (100%, 75%, 50%, 25% dos sais), três espécies (Catasetum macrocarpum, Oeceoclades maculata e Polystachya estrellensis) e duas temperaturas (18 e 25ºC), e o segundo em fatorial 3x3x2, testando três combinações de fontes de carbono e reguladores osmóticos (20 g.L- 1 de sacarose; 10 g.L-1 de sacarose + 5 g.L-1 de manitol; 10 g.L-1 de sacarose + 5 g.L-1 de sorbitol), três espécies (C. macrocarpum, O. maculata e P. estrellensis) e duas temperaturas (18 e 25ºC). Para a aclimatização o experimento também foi implantado em delineamento inteiramente casualizado, testando oito misturas de substratos [areia e húmus de minhoca (4:1); areia, pó de coco e húmus de minhoca (2:2:1); areia, casca de pinus triturada e húmus de minhoca (2:2:1); areia, casca de pinus triturada, pó de coco e húmus de minhoca (2:1:1:1); areia; areia e pó de coco (1:1); areia e casca de pinus triturada (1:1); areia, casca de pinus triturada e pó de coco (2:1:1)] e duas espécies (C. macrocarpum e O. maculata). Para conservação in vitro de C. macrocarpum, O. maculata e P. estrellensis por um período de 450 dias, deve-se utilizar meio de cultura contendo 25% dos sais MS à temperatura de 25ºC ou 20 g.L-1 de sacarose à 25ºC. A aclimatização de plântulas de C. macrocarpum pode ser realizada utilizando areia : casca de pinus triturada : húmus de minhoca (2:2:1) como substrato e para O. maculata recomenda-se somente a utilização de areia.

Orientador: Luiz Fernando Rolim de Almeida / Resumo: A implantação de sistemas de restauração possibilita o restabelecimento da estrutura e funcionamento de ecossistemas degradados. Além disso, alta diversidade taxonômica e funcional dos sistemas de restauração garante a performance e estabilidade de ecossistemas restaurados. A efetividade e monitoramento dos sistemas de restauração são quantificados por variáveis alométricas, porém, desconsideram-se variáveis relacionadas a aquisição de carbono e atividade fotoquímica. Dessa forma, o objetivo deste estudo foi o avaliar as respostas ecofisiológicas de plantas em diferentes sistemas de restauração florestal e avaliar se a capacidade de perda de água e reidratação de espécies de crescimento rápido e lento favorece o estabelecimento e desenvolvimento de sistemas de restauração com estrutura e diversidade de espécies contratantes. Portanto, avaliamos, durante um ano, variáveis relacionadas à disponibilidade de água no solo e ambiente, estrutura dos sistemas de plantio, relações hídricas, atividade fotoquímica e aquisição e acúmulo de carbono nas folhas, em 7 espécies (divididas em espécies de crescimento rápido e lento) pertencentes a três sistemas de restauração: plantio de alta diversidade, sistema agroflorestal e consórcio madeira e lenha, estes sistemas estão implantados em dois tipos de solo: Nitossolo Vermelho (Área 1 – solo argiloso) e Argissolo Vermelho Amarelo (Área 2 – solo arenoso). Os resultados indicaram que sistemas implantados na área 1 apresentaram maior eficiência ... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: The restoration systems implantation enables the restoration of degraded ecosystems structure and functioning. In addition, restoration systems high taxonomic and functional diversity guarantees restored ecosystems performance and stability. The restoration systems effective-ness and monitoring are quantified by allometric variables, however, variables related to carbon acquisition and photochemical activity are disregarded. Thus, the aim study was to evaluate the ecophysiological responses of plants in different forest restoration systems and to evaluate if the water loss and rehydration capacity of fast and slow growth species favors the establishment and development of systems with contracting structure and species diversity. Therefore, we evaluated, for one year, variables related to the soil and environment water availability, planting systems structure, water relations, photochemical activity and carbon acquisition in leaves, in 7 species (divided into fast and slow growth species). These systems are implanted in two soils types: fertile loamy Ultisol (Site 1) and sandy Alfisol soil (Site 2). The results indicated that systems implanted in site 1 showed higher photosynthetic efficiency and carbon accumulation during water deficiency periods. The wood and wood consortium presented lower complexity in the structure and higher photosynthetic efficiency in times with low water availability in the soil. The mixed plantation using commercial timber and firewood tree species o... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Doutor