No description available.

Esta tese trata das experiências de verticalização de favelas desenvolvidas no Município de São Paulo no período compreendido entre 1989, precisamente no início da gestão de Luiza Erundina, até o final de 2004, quando se encerra a gestão de Marta Suplicy. Tem por objetivo, além de proceder a um resgate histórico dessa polêmica modalidade de intervenção em assentamentos informais, detectar o que mobilizou os diferentes administradores do período a fazer uso da mesma. Pretende-se, ainda, apontar as potencialidades, limites e desafios de tal modalidade no contexto paulistano, a partir das impressões dos agentes que estiveram de alguma forma envolvidos na sua definição em execução, bem como dos próprios beneficiários a população da antiga favela e atualmente residindo nos conjuntos habitacionais. Parte-se da premissa de que a verticalização de favelas executada nas gestões de Luiza Erundina (1989 1992), pioneira do uso da modalidade, Paulo Salim Maluf e Celso Pitta (1993 2000) e Marta Suplicy (2001 2004), embora em contextos políticos distintos, não se distingue de forma significativa, ou seja, foram adotados praticamente os mesmos procedimentos que apresentaram resultados muito próximos. Para testar tal premissa, foi realizado um estudo comparativo de três casos, adotando, como objeto da investigação, três conjuntos habitacionais considerados representativos de cada um dos períodos acima citados. Adotou-se uma metodologia qualitativa e o uso de diferentes fontes, primárias e secundárias, como: visitas aos empreendimentos, análises de documentos, entrevistas em profundidade com agentes significativos de cada administração/período e a realização de grupos de discussão com moradores dos conjuntos. A análise dos dados possibilitou entender que, para além do debate e das discussões ideológicas, a verticalização de favelas é um recurso cada vez mais premente no contexto paulistano para a melhoria das condições de vida da população que reside nos espaços informais e, não menos importante, para o conjunto da cidade. / This work addresses slums (favelas) verticalization experiences developed in the Municipality of São Paulo in the period from 1989, precisely at the beginning of Mayor Luiza Erundinas tenure, until the end of 2004, by the end of Mayor Marta Suplicys tenure. It aims, in addition to performing a historic rescue of this polemic modality of intervention in informal settlements, at detecting what mobilized the different administrators in the period and use it. It is also intended to indicate potentialities, constraints, and challenges of such modality in the context of the city of São Paulo, from the standpoint of agents who were in a certain sense involved in its definition and execution, as well as the beneficiaries themselves the population of the former slums, currently living in the housing development. We have started from the assumption that the slums verticalization executed in the tenures of Luiza Erundina (1989 -1992), pioneer in the use of the modality, Paulo Salim Maluf and Celso Pita (1993 2000), and Marta Suplicy (2001 2004), although in different political contexts, are not significantly diverse. That is, they practically adopted the same procedures and obtained very similar results. In order to test the assumption, we have made a comparative study of three cases, adopting, as object of the research, three housing developments considered as representative of each period. A qualitative methodology was adopted, and the use of different sources, primary and secondary, such as: visits to the developments, document analysis, indepth interviews with significant agents in each administration/period, and performance of focus groups with dwellers in the developments. The data analysis enabled to understand that, beyond debates and ideological discussions, the slums verticalization is an increasingly pressing resource in the context of the city of São Paulo for the improvement of living conditions of the population dwelling in informal spaces, and not least important, for the ensemble of the city.

Esta tese trata das experiências de verticalização de favelas desenvolvidas no Município de São Paulo no período compreendido entre 1989, precisamente no início da gestão de Luiza Erundina, até o final de 2004, quando se encerra a gestão de Marta Suplicy. Tem por objetivo, além de proceder a um resgate histórico dessa polêmica modalidade de intervenção em assentamentos informais, detectar o que mobilizou os diferentes administradores do período a fazer uso da mesma. Pretende-se, ainda, apontar as potencialidades, limites e desafios de tal modalidade no contexto paulistano, a partir das impressões dos agentes que estiveram de alguma forma envolvidos na sua definição em execução, bem como dos próprios beneficiários a população da antiga favela e atualmente residindo nos conjuntos habitacionais. Parte-se da premissa de que a verticalização de favelas executada nas gestões de Luiza Erundina (1989 1992), pioneira do uso da modalidade, Paulo Salim Maluf e Celso Pitta (1993 2000) e Marta Suplicy (2001 2004), embora em contextos políticos distintos, não se distingue de forma significativa, ou seja, foram adotados praticamente os mesmos procedimentos que apresentaram resultados muito próximos. Para testar tal premissa, foi realizado um estudo comparativo de três casos, adotando, como objeto da investigação, três conjuntos habitacionais considerados representativos de cada um dos períodos acima citados. Adotou-se uma metodologia qualitativa e o uso de diferentes fontes, primárias e secundárias, como: visitas aos empreendimentos, análises de documentos, entrevistas em profundidade com agentes significativos de cada administração/período e a realização de grupos de discussão com moradores dos conjuntos. A análise dos dados possibilitou entender que, para além do debate e das discussões ideológicas, a verticalização de favelas é um recurso cada vez mais premente no contexto paulistano para a melhoria das condições de vida da população que reside nos espaços informais e, não menos importante, para o conjunto da cidade. / This work addresses slums (favelas) verticalization experiences developed in the Municipality of São Paulo in the period from 1989, precisely at the beginning of Mayor Luiza Erundinas tenure, until the end of 2004, by the end of Mayor Marta Suplicys tenure. It aims, in addition to performing a historic rescue of this polemic modality of intervention in informal settlements, at detecting what mobilized the different administrators in the period and use it. It is also intended to indicate potentialities, constraints, and challenges of such modality in the context of the city of São Paulo, from the standpoint of agents who were in a certain sense involved in its definition and execution, as well as the beneficiaries themselves the population of the former slums, currently living in the housing development. We have started from the assumption that the slums verticalization executed in the tenures of Luiza Erundina (1989 -1992), pioneer in the use of the modality, Paulo Salim Maluf and Celso Pita (1993 2000), and Marta Suplicy (2001 2004), although in different political contexts, are not significantly diverse. That is, they practically adopted the same procedures and obtained very similar results. In order to test the assumption, we have made a comparative study of three cases, adopting, as object of the research, three housing developments considered as representative of each period. A qualitative methodology was adopted, and the use of different sources, primary and secondary, such as: visits to the developments, document analysis, indepth interviews with significant agents in each administration/period, and performance of focus groups with dwellers in the developments. The data analysis enabled to understand that, beyond debates and ideological discussions, the slums verticalization is an increasingly pressing resource in the context of the city of São Paulo for the improvement of living conditions of the population dwelling in informal spaces, and not least important, for the ensemble of the city.

This thesis constructs a detailed anatomy of poverty in Metropolitan Manila, Philippines, by critically examining and comparing a) the government's official statistics, b) alternatives to the official statistics offered by NGOs and academic researchers, and c) the results of an original household survey carried out in PNR Bangkal, one of Manila's many informal settlements. The research seeks to develop a more appropriate, multidimensional and participatory concept of poverty for Manila than the purely money-metric approach applied by the government. The official methodology results in very low, falling, and seemingly unrealistic poverty levels for this Southeast Asian megacity with its attendant problems. According to official statistics, poverty dropped from 23% of families in 1985 to 7.1% in 1997. The thesis raises questions about the assumptions that inform these measures. For example, the official surveys do not include in their sample people without official and permanent residence. As they tend to reside in informal settlements, the poorest are thus almost certainly excluded. Highlighting the multidimensional nature of deprivation, the primary research in PNR Bangkal was based on a combination of both quantitative and qualitative approaches to the study of poverty. Questionnaires were completed for 155 households, or one third of the population of the settlement. These were then followed by in-depth qualitative interviews with five respondents in order to enrich the survey data. The study included but went beyond income and expenditure analysis. The survey results were analysed using an asset vulnerability framework. Findings include an 'official' poverty incidence of 36% of families and a self-perceived poverty incidence of 79%. The survey also revealed high levels of deprivation and vulnerability related to labour, housing, human capital, and social capital.

Title from PDF of title page (University of Missouri--Columbia, viewed on Feb 25, 2010). The entire thesis text is included in the research.pdf file; the official abstract appears in the short.pdf file; a non-technical public abstract appears in the public.pdf file. Dissertation advisor: Dr. Ronald G. Phillips. Vita. Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Wisconsin--Madison, 1970. / Typescript. Vita. eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis advisor: Kathleen Bailey / The slums of Cairo are a relatively new addition to Cairo. A product of urbanization and Western Structural Adjustment and economic liberalization programs, the slums are built on squatter land on the periphery of Cairo. From their inception, the slums have been informal and as a result, residents lack the resources to change their situation. I will argue that schools must be developed in the slums. These schools cannot be schools similar to other schools in Egypt, but instead must be a product of the slums. These community schools must be developed and run by the residents of the slums to produce change. I argue that these community schools would not only increase educational levels and quality within the slums but would also serve as a means to political and social change. / Thesis (BA) — Boston College, 2010. / Submitted to: Boston College. College of Arts and Sciences. / Discipline: College Honors Program. / Discipline: Islamic Civilization and Societies. / Discipline: Islamic Civilization and Societies Honors Program.

O estudo de uma paisagem específica e sua interação com a cidade revela apropriações e representações de nosso tempo. O Jardim Jaqueline é analisado por meio de dados quantitativos, relativos a estatísticas, inserção urbana e políticas públicas, aliados ao processo de investigação qualitativa, que pretende entender as problemáticas relativas à paisagem por meio do cruzamento de olhares entre moradores e pesquisadora. Os dados revelados ao longo da pesquisa nos permitem traçar uma linha de investigação que foge de um conceito de paisagem ligado ao meio natural, relativo a uma representação dominante, adentrando um campo investigativo em que a paisagem é resultado de seu contexto histórico e cultural, configurando-se como forte símbolo de poder e apropriação cultural. A pesquisa sai do meio natural para voltar a ele, quando o caminho investigativo proposto nos auxilia na compreensão das possibilidades de intervenção na paisagem, com seus limites e potencialidades. / The research about a specific landscape and its interaction with the city reveals appropriations and representations of our time. The neighborhood of Jardim Jaqueline, in São Paulo, is analyzed through quantitative data concerning statistics, urban insertion and public policies, allied to a qualitative research process which aims to understand landscape issues through the intersection of perceptions between its inhabitants and the researcher. The data revealed throughout the research enable us to draw a line of investigation that escapes from a landscape concept linked to the natural environment and related to a dominant representation, and enters an investigative field where landscape is seen as the result of its historical and cultural context, thus representing a strong symbol of power and cultural appropriation. The research leaves the natural environment to return to it, when the proposed investigative process helps us to understand the possibilities of intervention in the landscape, with its limits and potentialities.

A estruturação urbana da Região Metropolitana de Belém (RMB) é estritamente relacionada à sua rede hídrica. A várzea dos rios e igarapés da região conforma um território classificado como baixada, conceituado por condicionantes físicas (cotas altimétricas suscetíveis à inundação) e socioeconômicas do sítio referentes ao perfil da população residente. Sob o contexto de desigualdades estruturais no país, observadas na concentração de renda e benefícios, incluindo o acesso à terra, as baixadas são a expressão local para favelas que se formaram como a alternativa viável para moradia da população migrante que se estabeleceu na capital entre os anos 1950 e 1970. A omissão do Estado na provisão de habitação de interesse social e de infraestrutura urbana básica, aliada a um padrão de rendimentos baixos fazem com que a RMB figure entre as metrópoles mais precárias do país. Dados censitários de 2010 a classificam como a metrópole brasileira com maior percentual de população vivendo em aglomerados subnormais (53,9%). Por outro lado, nos últimos 10 anos, houve uma inédita e vultosa provisão de investimentos para o desenvolvimento urbano da RMB, por meio do incentivo federal dado pelo Programa de Aceleração do Crescimento (PAC), em eixos voltados para a Urbanização de Assentamentos Precários e para a provisão de Saneamento Básico nas áreas de baixadas. Esta pesquisa pretende analisar, à luz da morfologia urbana e de conceitos compreensivos de soluções de drenagem, as seguintes intervenções do PAC em desenvolvimento em Belém: a Macrodrenagem e Urbanização da Bacia da Estrada Nova e a Urbanização da Comunidade Taboquinha. Busca-se identificar quais as alterações físico-urbanísticas previstas e qual padrão de soluções sanitárias e ambientais dado aos igarapés e canais das áreas em questão. Isso porque intervenções desta natureza na cidade partem, historicamente, de um padrão conservador e sanitarista que não alcança as melhorias pretendidas com projetos de urbanização de favelas. Pretende-se, portanto, contribuir na discussão sobre os modelos de intervenção desenvolvidos pelo PAC, identificando os avanços e limites que o programa apresenta para RMB. / The Metropolitan Region of Belém (RMB) urban structure is strictly related to its water bodies and hydrologic network. The rivers and streams floodplains in the region conforms a territory classified as lowlands, conceptualized by its physical (elevations susceptible to flooding) and socioeconomic constrains concerning the resident population profile. In the context of structural inequalities in the country, observed in the concentration of income and benefits, including access to land, lowlands are the slums local expression that were formed as a viable housing alternative to migrants who settled in the capital between 1950s and 1970s. The State\'s omission in providing social interest housing and basic urban infrastructure, combined with a low incomes standard means that the RMB is among the poorer cities in the country. This Brazilian city is classified by the 2010 census data as with the highest percentage of population living in subnormal settlements (53.9%). On the other hand, in the last 10 years there has been an unprecedented and massive provision of investments for RMB urban development, through federal incentive given by the Growth Acceleration Program (PAC), in axes focused on the Urbanization of Slums and for sanitation provision in the lowland areas. This research aims to examine, in the light of urban morphology and comprehensive concepts of drainage solutions, the following in progress interventions of PAC in Belém: the Macrodrainage and Urbanization of Estrada Nova Bacin and the Urbanization of Taboquinha Community. The aim is to identify the physical and urban expected changes and what standard of basic sanitation and environmental solutions is given to streams and drainage channels in question. That\'s because interventions of this nature in the city depart, historically, from a conservative and sanitary standard that does not reach the intended improvements in slums urbanization projects. It is intended, therefore, to contribute in the discussion of intervention models developed by the PAC and to identify the advances and limitations that the program provides for RMB.

The Saint Louis University Mental Status (SLUMS) Examination is a relatively new brief cognitive screening measure developed for use with veterans. To date, there has been a paucity of research on its psychometric properties. Using a sample of 148 male veterans referred to a VA Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) Clinic for evaluation, the SLUMS’ ability to discriminate between MCI versus other diagnoses or no diagnosis was compared to results from a more comprehensive neuropsychological battery. Approximately 51% of the sample was diagnosed with MCI, 16% with Major Depressive Disorder (MDD), 17% did not meet criteria for a diagnosis, and 16% were given some other DSM-IV-TR diagnosis. The SLUMS demonstrated poor internal consistency (Cronbach’s alpha = .57), but scores were significantly correlated with scores on every neuropsychological measure, except for Trails B. Diagnostic discriminability was comparable to that of the more time intensive neuropsychological battery for discriminating between MCI and no diagnosis, and MCI and MDD. In the current sample, a cutoff score of 25 was optimal for discriminating between MCI and no diagnosis, whereas a slightly lower cutoff score of 24 is recommended for discriminating between MCI and those with MDD. Diagnostic indicators were poor for the SLUMS and the battery when discriminating between MCI and a heterogeneous group of other disorders. Possible reasons for low reliability in such a screening measure in the context of convergent validity are discussed. It is concluded that the SLUMS may be a viable brief cognitive screening measure in such veteran populations, particularly when discriminating between MCI and MDD; however, additional studies should be completed to evaluate other forms of consistency, such as test-retest reliability.