Os administradores de pequenas e médias empresas (PME) buscam práticas de desenvolvimento de produtos e conhecimento que auxilie a permanência delas e o crescimento no mercado. Uma forma de incorporar práticas consagradas é através da sistematização do Processo de Desenvolvimento de Produto (PDP). A representação desse processo pode ser realizada por meio de modelos referenciais os quais incluem atividades, ferramentas, conceitos e melhores práticas. Apesar disso, no que se refere à estruturação do PDP, de um modo geral, as empresas não incorporaram facilmente essas práticas à sua realidade. Em decorrência desse fato, há a necessidade de um modelo de transição entre a prática atual e aquelas propostas pelos modelos de referência disponíveis na literatura. No caso das empresas do setor farmacêutico, essa realidade não é diferente. A maioria das empresas, principalmente pequenas e médias, não considera fácil a tarefa de entendimento e implantação de um modelo referencial para o PDP. Contribuindo com a resolução dessa problemática, esse trabalho objetiva a elaboração de uma proposta de intervenção em empresas farmacêuticas de pequeno e médio porte. Essa proposta apresenta etapas para guiar a implantação de um modelo referencial adaptado ao setor e à empresa. Para tal, a proposta desse trabalho incorporou as melhores práticas de intervenção encontradas na literatura, como aspectos concernentes à engenharia do método e ao PDP. Foram analisados o ambiente de aplicação dos mesmos, o contexto do setor farmacêutico brasileiro e a estrutura organizacional das empresas de pequeno e médio porte, através de revisão bibliográfica e estudos de caso. Um modelo preliminar de intervenção foi elaborado considerando esses aspectos e guiado pelas teorias de gestão da mudança e engenharia do método. O modelo foi aprimorado através da sua aplicação em uma empresa, através de pesquisa-ação. O modelo de intervenção resultante desse trabalho contempla as características de PME do setor para auxiliar como guia para a melhoria dos processos de desenvolvimento de produtos e apresenta os princípios norteadores do processo de intervenção contemplando ferramentas que podem ser utilizadas para a realização do mesmo, além dos passos e etapas a serem seguidas. / The small and medium enterprises (SME) managers search for best practices and knowledges that help growing on the competitive world. The product development process (PDP), systematization and organization importance are largely diffused. The reference models are the PDP representation and include activities, tools, concepts and best practices. Nevertheless, the corporations do not easily incorporate those practices on their routine to improve their PDP. Then, a transition model from the real practice to the proposed literature reference model is needed. The pharmaceutical companies’ reality is not different. The enterprise’s managers, especially small and medium ones, do not consider easy to understand and implement the reference models. This research considered the theory of Method Engineering dominium applied to the Organizational Engineering dominium to compose an Intervention Model for the Pharmaceutical SME’s PDP. The model incorporated the intervention’s best practices found in the literature. The method and PDP dominium was discussed. The review of Brazilian Small and Medium Pharmaceutical Industry and their enterprise’s organizational structure characterizes the environment of intervention. Case studies performed at a company with typical characteristics of the studied group complemented the information of literature review. Useful tools and practices for the Pharmaceutical PDP and Intervention were identified from literature. The consideration of Change Management and Method Engineering theory led to the elaboration of the Preliminary Intervention Model. This model was evaluated by its application in a medium-sized pharmaceutical organization by action-research. The researcher’s observation supported the model improvement. This improvement generated the Intervention Model. The Intervention Model considers the pharmaceutical small and medium enterprises characteristics and can guide to the Pharmaceutical PDP improvement. The Model presents the processes, practices, principles and tools for the intervention process.

The aim of the diploma thesis is to analyze the current developments in the enterprise, consider the future business at a medium-size, to determine the potential market and propose the optimal marketing policy of the company. The main objective is to draft recommendations to expand business and increase the competitiveness of the transformed company. The work is to monitor the development of enterprise in terms of finance, purchasing, production, storage, distribution, human resource management and marketing. It is also analyzed the internal environment, which includes financial analysis and an analysis of resources and competencies. Analysis of the external environment involves an analysis of competition, analysis of the attractiveness and STEP analysis. SWOT analysis summarizes the enterprise internal factors (strengths and weaknesses) and external environmental factors (opportunities and threats) analysis of the two. The analysis and evaluation is used of the data from the years 2004 to 2008. The result of this dissertation is the finding that the company is able to transform the medium-sized enterprise within two years, which take 10 - 12 employees. However, it should be to reduce the indebtedness of the company and is currently disinvest. To increase the competitiveness and the increase in sales on the market introduces a new product and using the Czech Trade Agency reach new foreign markets.

Os administradores de pequenas e médias empresas (PME) buscam práticas de desenvolvimento de produtos e conhecimento que auxilie a permanência delas e o crescimento no mercado. Uma forma de incorporar práticas consagradas é através da sistematização do Processo de Desenvolvimento de Produto (PDP). A representação desse processo pode ser realizada por meio de modelos referenciais os quais incluem atividades, ferramentas, conceitos e melhores práticas. Apesar disso, no que se refere à estruturação do PDP, de um modo geral, as empresas não incorporaram facilmente essas práticas à sua realidade. Em decorrência desse fato, há a necessidade de um modelo de transição entre a prática atual e aquelas propostas pelos modelos de referência disponíveis na literatura. No caso das empresas do setor farmacêutico, essa realidade não é diferente. A maioria das empresas, principalmente pequenas e médias, não considera fácil a tarefa de entendimento e implantação de um modelo referencial para o PDP. Contribuindo com a resolução dessa problemática, esse trabalho objetiva a elaboração de uma proposta de intervenção em empresas farmacêuticas de pequeno e médio porte. Essa proposta apresenta etapas para guiar a implantação de um modelo referencial adaptado ao setor e à empresa. Para tal, a proposta desse trabalho incorporou as melhores práticas de intervenção encontradas na literatura, como aspectos concernentes à engenharia do método e ao PDP. Foram analisados o ambiente de aplicação dos mesmos, o contexto do setor farmacêutico brasileiro e a estrutura organizacional das empresas de pequeno e médio porte, através de revisão bibliográfica e estudos de caso. Um modelo preliminar de intervenção foi elaborado considerando esses aspectos e guiado pelas teorias de gestão da mudança e engenharia do método. O modelo foi aprimorado através da sua aplicação em uma empresa, através de pesquisa-ação. O modelo de intervenção resultante desse trabalho contempla as características de PME do setor para auxiliar como guia para a melhoria dos processos de desenvolvimento de produtos e apresenta os princípios norteadores do processo de intervenção contemplando ferramentas que podem ser utilizadas para a realização do mesmo, além dos passos e etapas a serem seguidas. / The small and medium enterprises (SME) managers search for best practices and knowledges that help growing on the competitive world. The product development process (PDP), systematization and organization importance are largely diffused. The reference models are the PDP representation and include activities, tools, concepts and best practices. Nevertheless, the corporations do not easily incorporate those practices on their routine to improve their PDP. Then, a transition model from the real practice to the proposed literature reference model is needed. The pharmaceutical companies’ reality is not different. The enterprise’s managers, especially small and medium ones, do not consider easy to understand and implement the reference models. This research considered the theory of Method Engineering dominium applied to the Organizational Engineering dominium to compose an Intervention Model for the Pharmaceutical SME’s PDP. The model incorporated the intervention’s best practices found in the literature. The method and PDP dominium was discussed. The review of Brazilian Small and Medium Pharmaceutical Industry and their enterprise’s organizational structure characterizes the environment of intervention. Case studies performed at a company with typical characteristics of the studied group complemented the information of literature review. Useful tools and practices for the Pharmaceutical PDP and Intervention were identified from literature. The consideration of Change Management and Method Engineering theory led to the elaboration of the Preliminary Intervention Model. This model was evaluated by its application in a medium-sized pharmaceutical organization by action-research. The researcher’s observation supported the model improvement. This improvement generated the Intervention Model. The Intervention Model considers the pharmaceutical small and medium enterprises characteristics and can guide to the Pharmaceutical PDP improvement. The Model presents the processes, practices, principles and tools for the intervention process.

Os administradores de pequenas e médias empresas (PME) buscam práticas de desenvolvimento de produtos e conhecimento que auxilie a permanência delas e o crescimento no mercado. Uma forma de incorporar práticas consagradas é através da sistematização do Processo de Desenvolvimento de Produto (PDP). A representação desse processo pode ser realizada por meio de modelos referenciais os quais incluem atividades, ferramentas, conceitos e melhores práticas. Apesar disso, no que se refere à estruturação do PDP, de um modo geral, as empresas não incorporaram facilmente essas práticas à sua realidade. Em decorrência desse fato, há a necessidade de um modelo de transição entre a prática atual e aquelas propostas pelos modelos de referência disponíveis na literatura. No caso das empresas do setor farmacêutico, essa realidade não é diferente. A maioria das empresas, principalmente pequenas e médias, não considera fácil a tarefa de entendimento e implantação de um modelo referencial para o PDP. Contribuindo com a resolução dessa problemática, esse trabalho objetiva a elaboração de uma proposta de intervenção em empresas farmacêuticas de pequeno e médio porte. Essa proposta apresenta etapas para guiar a implantação de um modelo referencial adaptado ao setor e à empresa. Para tal, a proposta desse trabalho incorporou as melhores práticas de intervenção encontradas na literatura, como aspectos concernentes à engenharia do método e ao PDP. Foram analisados o ambiente de aplicação dos mesmos, o contexto do setor farmacêutico brasileiro e a estrutura organizacional das empresas de pequeno e médio porte, através de revisão bibliográfica e estudos de caso. Um modelo preliminar de intervenção foi elaborado considerando esses aspectos e guiado pelas teorias de gestão da mudança e engenharia do método. O modelo foi aprimorado através da sua aplicação em uma empresa, através de pesquisa-ação. O modelo de intervenção resultante desse trabalho contempla as características de PME do setor para auxiliar como guia para a melhoria dos processos de desenvolvimento de produtos e apresenta os princípios norteadores do processo de intervenção contemplando ferramentas que podem ser utilizadas para a realização do mesmo, além dos passos e etapas a serem seguidas. / The small and medium enterprises (SME) managers search for best practices and knowledges that help growing on the competitive world. The product development process (PDP), systematization and organization importance are largely diffused. The reference models are the PDP representation and include activities, tools, concepts and best practices. Nevertheless, the corporations do not easily incorporate those practices on their routine to improve their PDP. Then, a transition model from the real practice to the proposed literature reference model is needed. The pharmaceutical companies’ reality is not different. The enterprise’s managers, especially small and medium ones, do not consider easy to understand and implement the reference models. This research considered the theory of Method Engineering dominium applied to the Organizational Engineering dominium to compose an Intervention Model for the Pharmaceutical SME’s PDP. The model incorporated the intervention’s best practices found in the literature. The method and PDP dominium was discussed. The review of Brazilian Small and Medium Pharmaceutical Industry and their enterprise’s organizational structure characterizes the environment of intervention. Case studies performed at a company with typical characteristics of the studied group complemented the information of literature review. Useful tools and practices for the Pharmaceutical PDP and Intervention were identified from literature. The consideration of Change Management and Method Engineering theory led to the elaboration of the Preliminary Intervention Model. This model was evaluated by its application in a medium-sized pharmaceutical organization by action-research. The researcher’s observation supported the model improvement. This improvement generated the Intervention Model. The Intervention Model considers the pharmaceutical small and medium enterprises characteristics and can guide to the Pharmaceutical PDP improvement. The Model presents the processes, practices, principles and tools for the intervention process.

Diese Auswertung einer Creditreform-Erhebung thematisiert das Zahlungsverhalten der Kunden mittelständischer Unternehmen und basiert auf der Mittelstandsbefragung der Creditreform e.V. vom Frühjahr 1999. In dieser Umfrage wurden die Unternehmen zum einen gebeten, das Zahlungsverhalten der Kunden einzuschätzen, zum anderen wurden die tatsächlichen Forderungsverluste und Zahlungsziele erhoben. Im ersten Teil werden ausgewählte deskriptive Ergebnisse der Mittelstandsbefragung (Creditreform) mit der Leipziger Studie zur Zahlungsmoral (Universität Leipzig) unter Handwerkern verglichen. Im zweiten Teil der Auswertung wird der Effekt unterschiedlicher Faktoren auf die verschiedenen Aspekte des Zahlungsverhaltens dargestellt.

Submitted by Nadir Basilio (nadirsb@uninove.br) on 2017-02-23T17:35:07Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Nestor de Oliveira Filho.pdf: 1150714 bytes, checksum: 22b89577df7b4876e90975f7d85795c5 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-02-23T17:35:07Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Nestor de Oliveira Filho.pdf: 1150714 bytes, checksum: 22b89577df7b4876e90975f7d85795c5 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-03-30 / In today's business environment, where the participation of Small-Medium Enterprises (SMEs) in local, national and international economies has been increasing, it becomes important to deepen understanding of the strategic decisions made by such organizations, since most studies on the subject deal with large organizations. This dissertation investigates the process, the features and the factors that influence the decision-making for the selection of new projects in a SME in the Brazilian engineering sector. The methodology chosen was the single case study applied in the target company and the results made it possible to verify the performance of a less complex form of decision-making than presents the theoretical models on the subject, which would not necessarily be a problem. However, the process is characterized by problems of lack of periodicity, limited analysis to organizational factors and decisions made with a personalized and emotional charge, as the final decision is executed by the main manager of the organization. As theoretical contribution is the need to develop a literature that highlights best practices for decision-making in SMEs, especially, the Brazilian. As a practical contribution to the managers of those organizations, it indicates the need to deal with more relevance the improvement of stages to the decision-making process and for governments and associations linked to SMEs, there is the need for investment and sponsorship programs aimed to the subject. / No atual ambiente de negócios, em que a participação das Pequenas e Médias Empresas (PMEs) nas economias locais, nacionais e internacional tem apresentado significativo crescimento, torna-se relevante aprofundar o conhecimento sobre a tomada de decisões estratégicas realizadas por tais organizações, uma vez que a maioria dos estudos sobre o tema trata de grandes organizações. Esta dissertação investiga o processo, as características e os fatores que influenciam a tomada de decisão para a seleção de novos projetos em uma Pequena-Média Empresa (PME) brasileira do setor de engenharia. A metodologia adotada foi o estudo de caso único aplicado na empresa-alvo e cujos resultados possibilitaram identificar a realização de uma tomada de decisão de forma menos complexa do que apresenta os modelos teóricos sobre o tema, o que não seria necessariamente um problema. Contudo, o processo caracteriza-se por problemas de falta de periodicidade, de análise limitada aos fatores organizacionais e de decisões tomadas com uma carga personalista e emocional, já que a decisão final é executada pelo gestor principal da organização. Como contribuição teórica está a necessidade do desenvolvimento de uma literatura que destaque as melhores práticas para a tomada de decisão nas PMEs, especialmente, as brasileiras. Como contribuição prática para os gestores dessas organizações indica-se a necessidade de tratar com maior importância o aperfeiçoamento das etapas do processo de tomada de decisão e para os governos e associações ligadas às PMEs, há a necessidade de investimento e patrocínio de programas voltados ao tema.

No / Due to significant challenges and increase in competition within the global environment, manufacturing companies need to focus on Manufacturing Planning and Control (MPC) systems in order to gain a competitive edge. This research paper describes a contribution towards the design and implementation of a bespoke MRP II system for a SME company dealing in tool reclamation. The paper covers the investigation of currently available MRP II systems and also investigates the present MPC system of the concerned SME company. On the basis of these investigations, a new/bespoke design has been proposed and developed for an MRP II system that is tailor-made for the aforementioned company. The newly designed MRP II system has been developed (using MS Access and Visual Basic for Application i.e. VBA) as a database planning tool of MPC system and contains the critical modules Demand Management (DM), Rough Cut Capacity Planning (RCCP), Master Production Scheduling (MPS), Material Requirements Planning (MRP), and Capacity Requirements Planning (CRP). The bespoke MRP II system has been tested within the real manufacturing environment existing in the SME company with positive results. The key outcome of the research has shown that even small SME’s can design and implement their own MRPII system, which is particular and relevant to their own special manufacturing environment, using a minimal of time, software and financial resources.

Small and medium enterprises (SMEs) in South Africa experience one of the highest failure rates in the world with 75% to 80% of SMEs failing in their first ten years. This data suggests that few small organisations in South Africa are sustainable entities and this in turn impacts on employment and the GDP of South Africa. In order to be sustainable, organisations should be learning ones (Garvin, 1993; Marquardt in Hattingh & Smit, 2004, p2). Senge’s (1990) ground-breaking model of a learning organisation identifies the disciplines companies should practice in order to contribute to their sustainability. This model, previously researched in large global companies, is used as the basis of researching a small company in a local, South African context. This study explores whether by being a learning organisation, a small company is able to sustain itself. Senge’s concept of a learning organisation includes five disciplines. These disciplines have adult and workplace learning theories embedded in them. The study attempted to identify whether the small company drew on these learning theories in day-to-day operations and practise, and if this contributed to its development as a learning organisation. In addition to learning theories, literature reviewed included factors that impact on small business sustainability in the South African context. The study reveals an interesting blend of a business management concept (“the learning organisation”) with adult education principles that give insight into developing a small company as a learning organisation. A qualitative, ethnographic case study approach was used for this study, using an interactive model to accommodate the dynamic nature of the workplace with its variety of events and activities. Data collection took place during two intensive research periods in 2008 and 2012, in a single Johannesburg-based company. A multi-method approach was used and included observations, document analysis, questionnaires, transect walks, auto-photography, focus groups and interviews. The study revealed that a small company can ensure its sustainability by being a learning organisation, even though the company did not hold the same understanding of a learning organisation that Senge (1990) did. By practising various adult and workplace learning theories, especially the theory of communities of practice, a small company can develop the disciplines of a learning organisation. Furthermore, organisations may practise the disciplines of a learning organisation organically, without specific intent, and this may assist in their sustainability.

企業社會責任這個名詞，隨著金融風暴的發生，氣候的暖化，大自然的反撲，喚醒全球的人類，應該善盡企業社會責任，已蔚為風潮。 然而，推動企業社會責任多僅限於擁有較廣大資源的大企業，並未普及至中小企業。本研究，透過回顧企業社會責任的發展與歷程，探討中小企業推動CSR案例，以質性研究，了解中小企業執行CSR，會碰到的困難與挑戰，以及中小企業如何運用有限資源落實企業社會責任，達到永續發展的目標。 個案公司的CSR係由領導人堅定的決心，由上往下推動，運用成立公益信託，聚焦弱勢教育，透過參加評鑑與評比，健全公司治理與CSR的機制，並且結盟公益組織，運用企業管理能力，克服中小企業資源不足與追求創造股東權益最大化的前提下，成功的推動CSR。 基於對個案公司的研究發現，本研究建議政府應建置資源平台，並且提供獎勵辦法，鼓勵中小企業建立CSR的制度與編製企業社會責任報告書，進而制定法令規範，此外，本研究建議中小企業可藉由參與CSR之評鑑與評比，以最低的成本，健全公司治理制度與CSR的完整機制。 / Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) has become an increasingly important issue in the midst of the global financial crisis and global warming effect. CSR has been practiced in most of large enterprises that possess vast resources; however, it has not been popularly engaged by small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) yet. To understand the difficulties and challenges to SMEs and how they could practice CSR with limited resource to achieve the goal of sustainable business, the qualitative methodology is applied to collect data through reviewing the CSR development and process, and the CSR implementation in this SME case study. In the case study of this research, CSR is successfully carried out because the leader of the company promotes CSR concepts and activities to the employees with strong determination. They created an Educational Trust Fund to devote themselves in the Educational Program for Disadvantaged Children. Meanwhile, their corporate governance and CSR system are gradually enhanced and become well in place as the company participates in the CSR evaluation by a well-recognized media. Especially, while pursuing the most of shareholder benefits, the company implements CSR by utilizing their expertise in business management and cooperates with NPOs to overcome the lack of source in SMEs. According to the findings in this case, the study recommends the government construct a resource sharing platform and incentive programs to encourage SMEs to build up their CSR systems and prepare their CSR reports, and then promulgate the laws and regulations to require implementation of CSR in SMEs. Finally, the study suggests SME take the CSR evaluations by public media to enhance their corporate governance and CSR systems with the lowest cost.

What other means of influence exist in business other than economic? That is the question we set out to answer in regards to the fashion industry and the specific supply chain of cashmere. The cashmere industry has been described as complex, therefore the research has taken a complex adaptive systems approach to investigate how relationships between parts give rise to the collective behaviours of a system and how the system interacts and forms relationships with its environment. This paper describes a qualitative case study research conducted to identify the potential influence that a small to medium enterprises can have on their supply chain actors to steer them towards sustainability. Looking specifically at the supply chain of one Scottish cashmere manufacturer within the luxury fashion industry we have assessed this company’s current reality to the Framework for Strategic Sustainable Development. This paper aims to present enablers and barriers towards influence, their correlations and complexity when looking at sustainability. In addition it will provide prescriptive thoughts for SMEs to support internal and external transition through sustainable development towards a sustainable cashmere supply chain.