Diss. Uppsala : Sveriges lantbruksuniv., 2003.

Diss. Uppsala : Sveriges lantbruksuniv., 2001.

Diss. (sammanfattning) Uppsala : Sveriges lantbruksuniv., 2007. / Härtill 4 uppsatser.

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Thesis (MScAgric)--University of Stellenbosch, 2005. / Bibliography. Also available via the Internet.

Submitted by Cristiane Dambrós (cristiane@ourinhos.unesp.br) on 2016-07-19T15:15:31Z No. of bitstreams: 1 UNESP - Tese - Cristiane Dambros.pdf: 5772395 bytes, checksum: b6037520e0eca710e93ca6fb14626d1a (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Ana Paula Grisoto (grisotoana@reitoria.unesp.br) on 2016-07-20T17:15:30Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 dambros_c_dr_rcla.pdf: 5772395 bytes, checksum: b6037520e0eca710e93ca6fb14626d1a (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-07-20T17:15:30Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 dambros_c_dr_rcla.pdf: 5772395 bytes, checksum: b6037520e0eca710e93ca6fb14626d1a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-01-29 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / Este texto tem como finalidade contribuir com reflexões acerca das transformações e da complexidade do mundo rural, como objeto de análise optou-se por pequenas propriedades rurais localizadas nos municípios de Brotas/SP e Rio Claro/SP. Defendemos a teses que, se a paisagem é resultado da ação humana no espaço, quanto mais diversa e multifuncional ela for, maior será a possibilidade de manutenção dos recursos hídricos, ou seja, as pequenas propriedades rurais de Brotas/SP e Rio Claro/SP que são multifuncionais (maior diversidade paisagística), apresentam maior grau de conservação da água em contraste com as pequenas propriedades rurais não multifuncionais. Para a realização deste estudo foi necessário a estruturação de uma metodologia, esta resultado da compilação de outras três: Multifuncionalidade da Paisagem, Sistema GTP e Sistema de Agricultura. Os dados necessários para o estudo foram bibliográficos, coleta, sistematização e análises de dados primários na forma de 40 entrevistas por questionário em Brotas e Rio Claro e dados secundários através de fontes confiáveis. A paisagem rural, considerando os fatos visíveis e invisíveis, identificada nas pequenas propriedades rurais e compreendidadas no contexto municipal, foi o parâmetro usado na reflexão e explicação da complexidade do mundo rural. A partir do diagnóstico considera-se que as áreas rurais não podem mais ser percebidas apenas como produtoras de alimentos, mas como territórios que abarcam múltiplas funções agrícolas e não-agrícolas, impulsionados pela necessidade ou por políticas públicas específicas. Em suma, estamos falando de uma reestruturação do espaço rural, onde a busca por iniciativas que complementem a renda, a elaboração de políticas públicas que condizem com a realidade do agricultor, a ação coletiva e a cooperação serão elementos primordiais para coesão e perpetuação dos agentes locais. / This text aims to contribute reflections on the changes and the complexity of the rural world, and as the object of analysis we chose to small farms located in the municipalities of Brotas/SP and Rio Claro/SP. We defend the thesis that if the landscape is the result of human action in space, the more diverse and multifunctional it is, the greater the possibility of maintenance of water resources, ie small farms Brotas / SP and Rio Claro / SP that are multifunctional (greater landscape diversity), have a higher degree of water conservation in contrast to small non multifunctional farms. For this study it was necessary to structure a methodology, this result of the compilation of three other: multifunctionality landscape, GTP System and Farming System. The necessary data for the study were bibliographic, collection, systematization and primary data analysis in the form of 40 interviews by questionnaire and Brotas Rio Claro and secondary data through reliable sources. The rural landscape, considering the visible and invisible facts, identified in small farms and compreendidadas in the municipal context, was the parameter used in reflection and explanation of the complexity of the countryside. From the diagnosis it is considered that rural areas can no longer be seen only as producers of food, but as territories that span multiple agricultural and non-agricultural functions, driven by need or by specific public policies. In short, we are talking about a restructuring of rural areas, where the search for initiatives that complement the income, the development of public policies that are consistent with the reality of the farmer, collective action and cooperation are key elements of cohesion and perpetuation of agents sites.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-08-20T14:33:04Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 dissertacao_tiago_lopes_bertoldi.pdf: 1296338 bytes, checksum: 152fced4a5d64147170c23e2437be26b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-10-29 / The growth of peach trees (Prunus L.) plays a major social and economic role in Rio Grande do Sul. In the year 2012 alone, 132,874 tons of peaches were produced in the State. This activity is largely performed on family run farms and involves a high number of farm workers, thus contributing to keeping families in rural areas. Basic machinery and tools are needed for the crop implementation. The peach tree is a plant that demands fertilization throughout its life cycle, and nutrient absorption is mainly carried out by its roots. Since the adsorption area is smaller than the deposition area performed by conventional equipment, there may be unnecessary waste in the fertilization of orchards, raising costs. There are technologies available in the marketplace today that could solve this problem; these are, however, still inaccessible to small and medium scale family farming. Thus, the aim of this study was to develop an informally and conceptually designed mechanical system for the purpose of using band placement or localized granular fertilizer application, directed to peach-growing family farmers needs. The methodology of the design is based on a phase model which has been divided into informational design, conceptual design, preliminary design and detailed design. This study developed the first two phases. The initial or informational design phase identified clients needs according the role they played within each phase of the life cycle of the product so as to establish the design specifications, including a total of 18 requirements. The scope of the problem was analyzed in the conceptual design phase, when three viable functional structures to meet the design specifications were established. Research using solution principles was performed and the most promising combinations were selected so as to choose the most adequate one. The scope of the problem was to apply granular fertilizer evenly on the target. This way, the most adequate functional structure to attend to the design needs was met. Four machine conceptions were obtained, one of which was selected. / O cultivo do pessegueiro (Prunus L.) possui grande importância social e econômica no Rio Grande do Sul, tendo sido produzidos no ano de 2012 cerca de 132.874 toneladas deste. Esta atividade é em grande parte executada em propriedades agrícolas familiares, demandando elevada mão de obra o que acaba auxiliando a fixação do homem no campo. A produção do pêssego utiliza uma série de ferramentas e máquinas bastante simples para a implantação da lavoura. O pessegueiro é uma planta exigente em adubação em todo seu ciclo de vida, a absorção dos nutrientes é realizada majoritariamente pelas raízes. Uma vez que a área de adsorção é menor do que a área de deposição realizada pelas máquinas convencionais, na adubação de um pomar podem ocorrer desperdícios e tornar a atividade onerosa. Existem no mercado tecnologias capazes de solucionar o problema, porém ainda estão distantes da realidade da agricultura familiar de pequena e média escala, assim, o objetivo do trabalho foi desenvolver o projeto informacional e conceitual de um sistema mecanizado com a finalidade de aplicar fertilizante granulado de forma localizada, direcionado às necessidades dos agricultores familiares produtores de pêssego. A base da metodologia de projeto utilizada encontra-se fundamentada em um modelo de fases o qual divide-se em: projeto informacional, projeto conceitual, projeto preliminar e projeto detalhado, sendo que neste trabalho executaram-se as duas primeiras. Na primeira fase, projeto informacional foram identificadas as necessidades dos clientes de acordo com as funções que desenvolvem dentro de cada fase do ciclo de vida do produto para estabelecimento das especificações de projeto, totalizando 18 requisitos. Na fase de projeto conceitual verificou-se o escopo do problema, estabelecendo-se três estruturas funcionais viáveis para o atendimento das especificações de projeto. Realizaram-se pesquisas por princípios de solução, selecionando as combinações mais promissoras a fim de escolher a mais adequada para o atendimento das necessidades encontradas. O escopo do problema encontrado foi: Aplicar regularmente no alvo, fertilizante granular dosado uniformemente. Desta forma encontrou-se a estrutura funcional que mais se adequou ao atendimento dos requisitos de projeto. Obtiveram-se quatro concepções da máquina uma das quais foi selecionada.

In recent decades, New England agriculture has become increasingly characterized by small, diversified farming operations with values deeply rooted in community and conservation. In sharp contrast to large-scale, high-intensity agriculture currently typified by the majority of North American farms, New England farmers commonly prioritize ecologically beneficial production practices such as reduced chemical inputs, integrated pest management (IPM), low tillage, cover cropping and crop rotation, and retention of natural habitats like woody hedgerows and herbaceous strips. Public support and demand for local, sustainable food, evidenced by the success of CSA (Community Supported Agriculture) in the region, has helped to bolster this movement and increase the viability of these farms. In addition to boosting regional food production and self-sufficiency, these farms also present an opportunity for wildlife conservation. Shrubland bird species in particular may benefit from habitat created on these farms because of their preference for heterogeneous shrub and herbaceous vegetation and lower area sensitivity compared to other species, such as grassland obligates. In order to evaluate conservation potential and habitat associations of shrubland birds and other priority species on small, diversified farms, we conducted point counts and vegetation surveys across 23 farms in the Pioneer Valley, MA during the summers of 2017 and 2018. We used Poisson-binomial mixture models and canonical correspondence analysis (CCA) to assess the effects of a suite of microhabitat-, field-, and landscape-scale variables on the abundance of bird species. Our results confirmed that shrubland birds, including song sparrow (Melospiza melodia), gray catbird (Dumatella carolinensis), common yellowthroat (Geothlypis trichas) and American goldfinch (Spinus tristis), were the predominant species present, accounting for over 52% of the total observations. Species-habitat relationships were diverse; however, smaller field sizes, and increased cover of tall, dense, woody or nonproductive vegetation types were associated with higher abundance of shrubland species as well as lower abundance of crop pests such as European starling (Sturnus vulgaris) and house sparrow (Passer domesticus). These findings support the hypothesis that small, diversified farms are providing beneficial habitat for shrubland birds, as well as providing species-specific guidelines for farmers interested in conserving birds on their land. In order to place small, diversified farms into a regional conservation context and evaluate their contribution to shrubland bird conservation efforts in New England, we compared bird abundance, community composition, and conservation value of small, diversified farms to five established shrubland habitat types in the region: wildlife openings, two types of silvicultural openings (larger clearcuts and small forest openings created by group selection harvest), beaver meadows, and powerline rights-of-way. We compiled avian survey data from previous studies of each of the aforementioned habitat types conducted from 2002-2006 (powerline rights-of-way, wildlife openings, clearcuts, and beaver meadows) and 2014 (small forest openings). We then compared the relative bird abundance, community composition, and conservation value across all five habitat types (including farms) using Generalized Linear Models (GLMs), non-metric multidimensional scaling (NMDS) ordination, permutational multivariate analysis of variance (PERMANOVA), and calculated an Avian Conservation Significance (ACS) score for each habitat. The avian community composition of farms most closely resembled that of wildlife openings and harbored more open-habitat and generalist species such as American robin (Turdus migratorius), red-winged blackbird (Agelaius phoeniceus), and eastern kingbird (Tyrannus tyrannus). Several shrubland species were found to have higher relative abundances on farms than any of the other four habitats including song sparrow (Melospiza melodia), northern cardinal (Cardinalis cardinalis), and willow flycatcher (Empidonax traillii). Farms possessed a higher ACS score than powerline rights-of-way, small forest openings, and beaver meadows, but were lower than clearcuts and wildlife openings. Our results suggest that small, diversified farms support a unique suite of shrubland species, and while they certainly cannot replace managed shrubland habitats such as wildlife openings and clearcuts, they may complement these existing habitats in terms of their community composition and conservation value.

Until the last half century, land development patterns in the Intermountain West were designed after the Mormon settlement pattern. With its gridiron streets and in-town farmsteads, this pattern gave families the opportunity to grow crops and raise a few animals on their one acre or less in town with the added advantage of having a social life. Over the last century, small farms have dwindled and large farms have increased in size. However, in the Intermountain West the farmstead tradition continues with families who grow gardens and raise animals on their large city lots, who value self-sufficiency, and who thrive in wide open spaces. To better understand the land uses and preferences of this population, a research survey was mailed to a sample pool of residents of Cache Valley, Utah who live on large lots with animal rights. They contributed an array of data about their backgrounds and how they are specifically using their land. Their responses validated the existence of a continued agrarian culture and gave insight on how they felt about trends in conservation subdivisions and common open space. A range of opinions about ideal lot size supported rural planners' suggestions to develop lots of varying sizes to meet the needs of a diverse population. Small farms on large lots can be a valuable part of a sustainable urban and rural environment. Local vegetables and agricultural products bring nature and natural processes back to an urban setting and reduce the environmental footprint imposed by extensive shipping. Culturally, small farmers provide a connection to the past and fulfill a lifestyle choice for a rural-minded population. Particularly in the Intermountain West, planners need to integrate these small farms into their developments to preserve the rural character of towns and cities of the region.

Dans le contexte des défis environnementaux et sociaux de l’Anthropocène, les microfermes sont des fermes maraîchères biologiques qui questionnent les fondements de la modernisation agricole par leurs petites surfaces, leur grande diversité cultivée, leur faible niveau de motorisation, une approche écologique holiste et leur commercialisation en circuits courts. Cette thèse a examiné la viabilité de ces systèmes agricoles atypiques qui suscitent un intérêt croissant dans les pays industrialisés. Elle s’est basée sur une étude de 20 cas en milieu rural dans le nord de la France et 10 cas en milieu urbain à Londres. Une démarche inductive a été mise en œuvre combinant analyse qualitative d’entretiens avec des paysans et modélisation quantitative à partir de données de terrain. Un cadre conceptuel a été développé pour analyser les choix stratégiques des paysans au regard des multiples aspirations de leur projet de vie où des considérations éthiques et subjectives occupent une place centrale. La satisfaction de ces aspirations est primordiale pour la viabilité de ces fermes. Un modèle de simulation stochastique de revenu et de temps de travail a été créé pour explorer les chances de viabilité économique de scénarios contrastés de microfermes intégrant stratégies techniques, commerciales et d’investissement. Des simulations ont été réalisées pour le contexte français et londonien et ont été discutées avec des acteurs de terrain. Bien que les chances de viabilité varient selon les scénarios, ce travail montre que les microfermes peuvent être viables. / In the context of the environmental and social challenges of the Anthropocene, microfarms are organic market gardens which are questioning the principles of agricultural modernisation. They are characterised by a high level of crop diversity on small acreages, low motorisation, holistic ecological approach and marketing through short supply chains. My PhD work examined the viability of these atypical farming systems which are raising an increasing interest in industrialised countries. It was based on the study of 20 cases in rural Northern France and 10 cases in the urban context of London. An inductive approach was carried out combining qualitative analysis of interviews with farmers and quantitative modelling based on field data.A conceptual framework was developed to analyse farmers’ strategic choices in the light of their life project embracing various aspirations where ethics and subjectivity played a central role. The fulfilment of these aspirations is determinant for the viability of these fams. A stochastic simulation model of income and workload was created to explore the chances of economic viability of contrasted microfarms scenarios integrating technical, commercial and investment strategies. Simulations were run for the French and London context and were discussed with stakeholders. Although viability chances vary among scenarios, this work shows that microfarms can be viable.